Prehliadanie podľa Autor "Bellido, Jesus"

Teraz sa zobrazuje 1 - 2 z 2
  • Obrázok miniatúry
    Položka
    Strategies and adaptations of permanent grasslands in different environments
    (Hard : Olsztyn, 2025) Tomaškinová, Judita; Drímal, Marek; Bellido, Jesus; Tomaškin, Ján
    Grassland biomes have developed a multitude of successful strategies and adaptations to various, often adverse environmental conditions through evolution. Grasslands have a wide tolerance to climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation) and can also tolerate temporary drought periods well. An important parameter for assessing drought tolerance of grass stands is the ratio of root biomass to above-ground phytomass, the R:S (root: shoot ratio). A higher value indicates the crop’s adaptation to drought-induced stress. In permanent grasslands in Central Europe, we recorded a significant proportion of root biomass (6.69-10.31 t ha-1) with an R:S ratio of 5.16. Other positive strategies include the ability of grasses to reproduce both vegetatively and generatively. Grass species exclusively prefer wind pollination; thus, they are not dependent on insect pollination. For different climatic zones, they have a suitable type of photosynthesis (C3 or C4). Grasslands are very well adapted to frequent grazing of phytomass or defoliation (mowing, fire), subsequently regenerating effectively. They are rich in high species biodiversity, contributing to their high eco-stability in agricultural landscapes. We also recorded grassland responses to the presence of heavy metals in the soil. Based on the bioconcentration factor (BCF < 1), grasslands (in Central Europe) acted as excluders of several heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Ni). These heavy metals are primarily accumulated in the soil and roots, with the above-ground part of the crop not being contaminated. Permanent grasslands are also effective in carbon sequestration and, based on several observations, are well adapted to the negative consequences of climate change.
  • Obrázok miniatúry
    Položka
    The impact of abiotic environmental stressors on fluorescence and chlorophyll content in Glycine max (L.) Merrill
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2025) Tomaškinová, Judita; Tomaškin, Ján; Drímal, Marek; Bellido, Jesus
    In this study, we present the results of the impact of abiotic environmental (chemical) stressors in the soil environment (salinity, acidification, inorganic elements from industry-red mud waste containing Al) on the content and fluorescence of chlorophyll in the assimilating tissues of Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. ES Mentor. Under controlled conditions of a pot experiment during the 2023 growing season, we applied graded doses of these stressors (salinity-doses of 20, 30, and 60 g NaCl per 2 dm3 of water used for plant irrigation; acidity-pH 6, pH 5, and pH 4; red mud-200 g, 400 g, and 600 g per pot) and assessed their impact on the effective and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), yield Y(II), or the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence-the Fv/Fm test. These tests are used to detect plant stress. The Y(II) test yielded values in the range of 0.627-0.800. Significant differences (variance analysis, 95% Least Significant Difference-LSD, post hoc test of analysis of variance-ANOVA) in reducing PSII chlorophyll fluorescence (Y(II)) were found between the medium and high doses of all three stressors compared to the control, indicating plant stress response. The Fv/Fm test yielded values between 0.668 and 0.805 and similarly detected stress responses in plants to all medium and high doses of stressors. The evaluated cultivar showed tolerance to moderately increased salt (NaCl) content and red mud levels. This was also confirmed by the chlorophyll content expressed as the Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI). The highest (significantly confirmed) chlorophyll content was found in the control variant and the variants with lower salt content and a soil pH of 6, with values of 35.633-37.467 CCI, compared to variants with higher red mud content (15.533-18.133 CCI) and higher soil acidity with pH 4 (22.833 CCI). Based on the results obtained, we conclude that the ES Mentor cultivar is tolerant to lower doses of the assessed stressors and can be cultivated in agricultural practice. However, medium to high doses of stressors trigger a strong stress response in plants and, therefore, we do not recommend cultivating this variety in contaminated environments.