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Delineating pixels of natural hydrocarbon micro-seepage induced alterations and anomalies in overlying soils and sediments in ugwueme, with ASTER data and band ratio technique
(Hard : Olsztyn, 2024) Enoh, Mfoniso Asuquo; Augustine, Ojanikele Willie; Chiemelu, Ndukwe Emmanuel; Ekwok, Stephen Eguba; Akpan, Anthony E.; Eldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed; Alarifi, Saad S.; Andráš, Peter
The earth’s underlying hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs frequently leak. These reservoirs leak because of their inadequate sealing, and at high pressure, oil and gas escape vertically or nearly vertically to the earth’s surface as seepage. Micro-seepages on the earth’s surface cause oxidationreduction reactions, which cause anomalies in the soils and sediments beneath them. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) are important tools for investigating hydrocarbon micro-seepage-induced changes and anomalies in overlying soil and sediments. In this study, ASTER remote sensing data was adopted to delineate pixels of hydrocarbon micro-seepage-induced anomalies in Ugwueme, south-eastern Nigeria. Band Ratio (BR) was used as a spectral enhancement technique to detect alterations and anomalies in the overlying soil and sediments. ASTER BR of 2/1 improves ferric iron; (5+7)/6 improves clay minerals; (1+4)/(2+3) improves ferrous iron; and 4/(6+9) improves gypsum. The study highlights that BR is an excellent spectral enhancement technique for delineating areas of alterations and anomalies induced by hydrocarbon micro-seepage.
Mapping of geological structures and sediment thickness from analysis of aeromagnetic data over the Obudu Basement Complex of Nigeria
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Ekwok, Stephen Eguba; Eldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed; Thompson, Edward A.; Ojong, Romeo Akombi; George, Anthony M.; Alarifi, Saad S.; Kharbish, Sherif; Andráš, Peter; Akpan, Anthony E.
In this study, geologic structures, as well as attendant orientations and sediment thickness, in the Nigerian Obudu Complex were delineated using the Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET), and depth determination methods such as source parameter imaging (SPI) and standard Euler deconvolution (SED). The CET, SPI, and SED procedures were applied on the total magnetic intensity data. Also, the enhanced TMI data using analytic signal, first-vertical derivative, total-horizontal derivative, and tilt-angle derivative filters were further subjected to CET operation, with the aim of mapping both subtle and prominent lineaments. In general, mapped geologic structures trends in the NE–SW, NNE–SSW, E–W, and N–S directions. Overall, the dominant geologic structural orientations of NE–SW and NNE–SSW reflect the regional strike orientation. The regional striking of the lineation, which is caused by the Pan-African orogeny and subsequent post-orogenic processes, has an impact on these orientations. The N–S and E–W structural deviations from the main NE–SW and NNE–SSW trends are initiated by the YGS of the post-orogenic events. Overall, these complex geologic structures are probable sites for metallogenic minerals.
Remote sensing and aeromagnetic mapping for unveiling mineralization potential: Nuqrah Area, Saudi Arabia
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG : Cham, 2024) Alarifi, Saad S.; El-Qassas, Reda Abdu Yousef; Omar, Ali Elsayed Ali; Al‑Saleh, Ahmad Mohammad; Andráš, Peter; Eldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed
Lately, Saudi Arabia has been developing its mineral exploration. However, comprehensive studies of the collected data are not accessible. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify and map the hydrothermal alteration zones and structural lineaments that regulate the mineral occurrences in the Nuqrah region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data. To achieve the desired goal of the study, ASTER remote sensing data were employed, and they were processed in several ways, including principal component analysis, band ratio, and false color composites to reveal the zones of alteration and structure lineaments. In addition, aeromagnetic data was employed to map the lineaments controlling the mineralization. These datasets were integrated using GIS tools to generate a new mineralization potential map of the Nuqrah area, which was classified into three classes: low, moderate, and high probability mineralization. The results showed thirteen intriguing anomalies (high potential mineralization) dispersed over the research area to be prospected. Additionally, techniques such as residual, regional, first vertical derivative, and tilt derivative were utilized to detect the potential mineral-related geologic structures. The results were validated by plotting known mineralization sites on our maps. Six significant faulting trends have been found, according to the lineament map and rose diagrams from remote sensing: NE–SW, WNW–ESE, N–S, ENE–WSW, NNE–SSW, NW–SE, and E–W. The research region is most affected by the NW–SE, ENE–WSW, E–W, and N–S trends, which are organized in decreasing order of magnitude, according to the rose diagram of the aeromagnetic maps. The applied approach can be employed to map potential mineral deposits in Saudi Arabia and similar zones around the globe.
Solar PV systems under weather extremes: case studies, classification, vulnerability assessment, and adaptation pathways
(Elsevier : Amsterdam, 2025) Okonkwo, Paul C.; Nwokolo, Samuel Chukwujindu; Udo, Sunday; Obiwulu, Anthony Umunnakwe; Onnoghen, Usang Nkanu; Alarifi, Saad S.; Eldosouky, Ahmed M.; Ekwok, Stephen Eguba; Andráš, Peter; Akpan, Anthony E.
This study examines the significant challenges presented by the rising frequency and severity of climate changeinduced extreme weather events-such as hurricanes, floods, heatwaves, and snowstorms-on the reliability and efficacy of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Utilizing case studies from various global places, it underscores the susceptibilities of photovoltaic systems to environmental harm, encompassing structural failure, efficiency decline, and operational interruptions. The study presents a novel, resilience-oriented paradigm that incorporates sophisticated design principles, operational techniques, and policy innovations to alleviate these risks. Principal findings underscore the significance of site-specific risk evaluations, modular and adaptable system architectures, and cohesive resilience planning in photovoltaic system engineering. Proactive operational techniques, such as regular maintenance, emergency reaction plans, and intelligent system monitoring, are deemed essential for sustaining performance in extreme weather conditions. Innovative technological solutions, including resilient materials, sophisticated coatings, durable mounting methods, and thermal management technologies, are emphasized for their capacity to endure intense environmental stressors. The study delineates future research goals, encompassing the creation of innovative materials with superior durability, scalable energy storage integration, structural advances, and greater grid interconnectivity via smart grid technology. It emphasizes the significance of cybersecurity protocols to safeguard photovoltaic infrastructure and promotes legislative and regulatory enhancements to facilitate resilience implementation. Collaboration among researchers, industry executives, and policymakers is considered crucial for addressing the increasing difficulties presented by climate change. This paper establishes a framework for integrating resilience into all facets of solar PV system design and operation, thereby ensuring the long-term sustainability, efficiency, and efficacy of solar energy systems in a swiftly changing climate environment. This comprehensive strategy is essential for ensuring the future of renewable energy amid global environmental difficulties.

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