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3D tlačená šablóna ako učebná pomôcka pre axonometrické premietanie v technickom kreslení
(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2025) Kucmanová, Barbora; Kučerka, Martin
Teaching aids are an integral part of the educational process and contribute significantly to the effective acquisition of new knowledge. The aim of our project was to design and produce a teaching tool that facilitates the learning of technical drawing for primary school students, specifically focussing on axonometric projections. This area deals with representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, which often poses a challenge to students. We designed and manufactured a template using a 3D printer to help students determine starting points and correct angles in axonometric projections. The main benefit of this tool is to increase the accuracy and speed of student work during lessons. At the end of the project, we prepared five model objects that can be drawn using the template. These objects are arranged by difficulty, allowing students to gradually develop their skills and progress from simpler to more complex tasks. Vyučovacie pomôcky sú neoddeliteľnou súčasťou vzdelávacieho procesu a významne prispievajú k efektívnemu osvojovaniu nových poznatkov. Cieľom našej práce bolo navrhnúť a vyrobiť učebnú pomôcku, ktorá uľahčí žiakom základnej školy výučbu technického kreslenia, konkrétne tému axonometrických premietaní. Táto oblasť je zameraná na zobrazovanie trojrozmerných telies na dvojrozmernú plochu, čo predstavuje pre žiakov často náročnú úlohu. Navrhli sme a pomocou 3D tlačiarne zhotovili šablónu, ktorá žiakom pomáha pri určovaní počiatočných bodov a správnych uhlov v axonometrických premietaniach. Hlavným prínosom tejto pomôcky je zvýšenie presnosti a rýchlosti práce žiakov počas vyučovacích hodín. V závere práce sme pripravili päť modelových objektov, ktoré je možné pomocou šablóny nakresliť. Tieto objekty sú zoradené podľa náročnosti, čo umožňuje žiakom postupne rozvíjať svoje zručnosti a prechádzať od jednoduchších k zložitejším úlohám.
3PM-guided innovation in treatments of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis utilizing fecal microbiota transplantation
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG : Cham, 2024) Skladaný, Ľubomír; Kubánek, Natália; Adamcová - Selčanová, Svetlana; Žilinčanová, Daniela; Havaj, Daniel Jan; Šulejová, Karolína; Šoltys, Katarína; Messingerová, Lucia; Lichvár, Michal; Lafférs, Lukáš; Žilinčan, Michal; Honsová, Eva; Lipták, Peter; Bánovčin, Peter; Bureš, Jan; Koller, Tomáš; Golubnitschaja, Olga; Arab, Juan-Pablo
Rationale: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is the most critical, acute, inflammatory phenotype within the alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) spectrum, characterized by high 30- and 90-day mortality. Since several decades, corticosteroids (CS) are the only approved pharmacotherapy offering highly limited survival benefits. Contextually, there is an evident demand for 3PM innovation in the area meeting patients’ needs and improving individual outcomes. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as one of the new potential therapeutic options. In this study, we aimed to address the crucial 3PM domains in order to assess (i) the impact of FMT on mortality in SAH patients beyond CS, (ii) to identify factors associated with the outcome to be improved (iii) the prediction of futility, (iv) prevention of suboptimal individual outcomes linked to increased mortality, and (v) personalized allocation of therapy. Methods: We conducted a prospective study (NCT04758806) in adult patients with SAH who were non-responders (NR) to or non-eligible (NE) for CS between January 2018 and August 2022. The intervention consisted of five 100 ml of FMT, prepared from 30 g stool from an unrelated healthy donor and frozen at − 80 °C, administered daily to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We evaluated the impact of FMT on 30- and 90-day mortality which we compared to the control group selected by the propensity score matching and treated by the standard of care; the control group was derived from the RH7 registry of patients hospitalized at the liver unit (NCT04767945). We have also scrutinized the FMT outcome against established and potential prognostic factors for SAH — such as the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Maddrey Discriminant Function (MDF), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), Liver Frailty Index (LFI), hepatic venous-portal pressure gradient (HVPG) and Alcoholic Hepatitis Histologic Score (AHHS) — to see if the 3PM method assigns them a new dimension in predicting response to therapy, prevention of suboptimal individual outcomes, and personalized patient management. Results: We enrolled 44 patients with SAH (NR or NE) on an intention-to-treat basis; we analyzed 33 patients per protocol for associated factors (after an additional 11 being excluded for receiving less than 5 doses of FMT), and 31 patients by propensity score matching for corresponding individual outcomes, respectively. The mean age was 49.6 years, 11 patients (33.3%) were females. The median MELD score was 29, and ACLF of any degree had 27 patients (81.8%). FMT improved 30-day mortality (p = 0.0204) and non-significantly improved 90-day mortality (p = 0.4386). Univariate analysis identified MELD ≥ 30, MDF ≥ 90, and ACLF grade > 1 as significant predictors of 30-day mortality, (p = 0.031; p = 0.014; p = 0.034). Survival was not associated with baseline LFI, HVPG, or AHHS. Conclusions and recommendations in the framework of 3PM: In the most difficult-to-treat sub-cohort of patients with SAH (i.e., NR/NE), FMT improved 30-day mortality. Factors associated with benefit included MELD ≤ 30, MDF ≤ 90, and ACLF < 2. These results support the potential of gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in the context of 3PM research and vice versa — to use 3PM methodology as the expedient unifying template for microbiome research. The results allow for immediate impact on the innovative concepts of (i) personalized phenotyping and stratification of the disease for the clinical research and practice, (ii) multilevel predictive diagnosis related to personalized/precise treatment allocation including evidence-based (ii) prevention of futile and sub-optimally effective therapy, as well as (iii) targeted prevention of poor individual outcomes in patients with SAH. Moreover, our results add to the existing evidence with the potential to generate new research along the SAH’s pathogenetic pathways such as diverse individual susceptibility to alcohol toxicity, host-specific mitochondrial function and systemic inflammation, and the role of gut dysbiosis thereof.
7000 years of environmental change in the Eastern Carpathians: A palynological record from Lake Vinderel
(Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2025) Bartóková, Silvia; Kiapešová, Barbora; Trnková, Katarína
Lake Vinderel, located in the high-altitude Maramureș Mountains of the Romanian Carpathians, provides a valuable archive of paleoecological and climatic changes. This study aimed to reconstruct the lake’s paleoecological history over the past ~7,000 years and to identify the onset and development of anthropogenic influence in the surrounding landscape. A sediment core was extracted using a Uwitec Piston Corer, and palynological analysis was performed on 66 samples (0.5 cm³ each) using standard acetolysis and light microscopy at 400× magnification. The resulting pollen diagram includes 53 identified taxa and reveals several key phases in vegetation dynamics. In the earliest period, the region was dominated by forest vegetation composed mainly of Pinus, Abies, Betula, and Corylus, indicating stable mid-Holocene climatic conditions. A continuous and abundant presence of Alnus and grass taxa (Gramineae) suggests a wetter phase, potentially marking the onset of human influence. In later stages, a significant increase in non-arboreal taxa such as Gramineae, Artemisia, and Aster-type points to intensified anthropogenic impact, including deforestation and land-use changes. This study enhances understanding of long-term interactions between climate, vegetation, and human activity in the Carpathians and enriches the palynological record of rare and ecologically sensitive mountain taxa.
A low-cost MLS prototype for voxel-based above-ground biomass estimation in short-rotation plantations
(Frontiers Media S.A. : Lausanne, 2025) Skladan, Michal; Singh, Arunima; Chudá, Juliána; Lieskovský, Martin; Masný, Matej; Výbošťok, Jozef
Short-rotation plantations of fast-growing trees (FGT) offer a sustainable biomass source to mitigate climate change and boost rural energy self-sufficiency. Accurate estimation of woody above-ground biomass (AGB) is critical for efficient management and utilization of these plantations. This study evaluates modern mobile laser scanning (MLS) techniques for dry-weight AGB estimation, comparing a commercial MLS system with a low-cost prototype built on the Livox Mid-360 sensor. Research was carried out in a dense, second-rotation poplar clone plantation. Thirty-one research plots were scanned using both MLS setups, then harvested and oven-dried to obtain reference dry weights. Point clouds were processed via a voxel-based approach at four resolutions (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) to develop regression models correlating total voxel volume with dry biomass. The low-cost prototype delivered its best performance at 5 cm voxel size (R2 = 0.84; rRMSE = 12.2%), markedly outperforming the commercial system at the same resolution (R2 = 0.68; rRMSE = 17.5%). The commercial MLS achieved its optimum at 20 cm voxels (R2 = 0.82; rRMSE = 12.9%). Predictive models were validated using 16 plots for training and 15 for testing. The prototype yielded the highest precision for dry weight prediction (R2 = 0.89; rRMSE = 12.9%) at 5 cm resolution, while the commercial MLS excelled in fresh-weight estimation at 15 cm resolution (R2 = 0.92; rRMSE = 12.0%). These results demonstrate that affordable MLS solutions can provide biomass estimates comparable to those of higher-cost systems for dry AGB assessment in high-density poplar stands. Implementing low-cost laser scanning improves monitoring frequency, reduces operational expenses, and enables large-scale application in short-rotation forestry. This approach supports evidence-based decision-making for sustainable bioenergy production. Future work will explore integrating multispectral data and automated processing pipelines to further enhance biomass estimation accuracy and scalability across diverse forest conditions.
A multi-proxy survey of recent environmental changes from the sediments of lake Apastapeque (El Salvador, Central America)
(Stockholm University, Sweden, 2018) Wojewódka, Marta; Hamerlík, Ladislav; Krahn, Kim; Zawisza, Edyta; Cohuo Duran, Sergio; Macario-Gonzalez, Laura; Hoelzman, Philipp; Rose, Neil L.; Yang, Handong; Charqueño- Celis, Fernanda; Schwalb, Antje; Pérez, Liseth
A new insight on the genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Europe based on a revision in the flora of Slovakia
(Springer Science+Business Media : New York, 2024) Peregrym, Mykyta; Turisová, Ingrid; Turis, Peter
Background The genus Pteridium Gled. ex Scop. was thought to be monotypic with the cosmopolitan species P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. for many years. However, morphological variations among these plants in different regions have been noted since the 1940’s, leading to the description of new taxa later. Molecular investigations, while not resolving all taxonomical questions within the genus, have highlighted its rich genetic diversity globally, confirming the status of several previously described species and subspecies. This wealth of data has prompted revisions of the Pteridium genus in regional floras, with Northern Eurasia serving as a central arena for such studies in the last 30 years. Recent data suggest that the European flora comprises a single species, P. aquilinum, with two subspecies, P. a. subsp. aquilinum and P. a. subsp. pinetorum (C.N. Page & R.R. Mill) J.A. Thomson. However, their distribution within the continent remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the representation and distribution of Pteridium taxa in Slovakia with an attempt to describe natural ranges of P. aquilinum subspecies based on herbarium materials and citizen science data within Europe for a whole. Results It is confirmed that the genus Pteridium is represented by the single species with two mentioned subspecies in the flora of Europe, as well as in the flora of Slovakia. The distribution of these subspecies is mapped in the country. Additionally, we discuss the ranges of these subspecies for a whole, and we evidence the growth of P. aquilinum subsp. pinetorum within the Netherlands, Czechia, Austria, Hungary and Romania for the first time. Also, two new combinations of taxa from the Asian part of Russia are offered. Conclusion Our study is a significant contribution in the present knowledge about the distribution and taxonomy of P. aquilinum, however it also shows that many questions concerning this taxon and its infraspecific taxa remain open. Additional field investigations and herbarium processing should be carried out for detailed explorations of biological and ecological peculiarities of the mentioned subspecies, and for the clear understanding of their regional distribution. Such explorations also might become a basis for new syntaxonomic revisions.
A scalable approach to historical data management via optimized transaction logs
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers : Piscataway, 2025) Kvet, Michal; Škrinárová, Jarmila
Temporal databases play a crucial role in tracking the evolution of data over time by preserving historical states through valid time intervals instead of overwriting data. This approach enables robust data analysis, forecasting, and auditing while enforcing consistency and preventing conflicting entries. Traditional transactional systems complement this by recording the time context of changes in transaction logs, which are essential for ensuring data integrity, recovery, and auditability. However, conventional log management, relying on sequential scanning, imposes performance and scalability limitations. This paper introduces a novel, efficient solution for managing transaction logs through an integrated data mapping layer. The proposed structure stores direct references to logged data within the database, supported by five optimized indexes—including object definitions and four temporal B+trees—to track validity, load time, and transaction lifecycle. This block-oriented design enables dynamic access, supports prohibited history handling, and eliminates the need for separate temporal layers or data migrations. Performance evaluations demonstrate significant gains in processing speed and system scalability compared to traditional approaches. However, limitations persist, including the growing footprint of non-indexed log metadata, challenges in data recoverability, incompatibility with standard table-optimization techniques, static log block sizes, and potential bottlenecks during high-frequency change periods.
A Trojan horse inside the gates: Alien-native mating interactions in mixed populations in Solidago taxa
(John Wiley & Sons : Weinheim, 2026) Skokanová, Katarína; Murgašová, Michaela; Pulišová, Kristína; Šingliarová, Barbora
The establishment and possible impacts of alien–native hybrids depend on their formation frequency and ability to spread using generative and vegetative reproduction. Here, we investigated the frequency and pathways of hybrid Solidago ×niederederi formation and its subsequent mating interactions with parental species in mixed populations of invasive alien S. canadensis and native S. virgaurea. DAPI flow cytometry was used for progeny screening (991 seedlings) of the 15 plants from two mixed populations to document their mating interactions based on previously shown differences in relative genome size of the studied taxa. Seedlings of presumed hybrid origin (F1 hybrids) were formed at low frequency (up to 3%) by both S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. About 46% of germinating seeds produced by S. ×niederederi plants represented later hybrid generations. Backcrossing of S. ×niederederi with parental species within the mixed populations was thus intense, but its frequency differed in direction: backcrossing was less frequent with S. virgaurea as pollen donor (<8%), while there was a strong asymmetric pattern towards S. ×niederederi backcrossing with S. canadensis as the pollen donor (almost 47%). Furthermore, the formation of tri- and tetrapolyploid seedlings within the progeny of the two hybrid plants was recorded. Hybridisation and introgression appear to be established in mixed populations of S. canadensis, S. virgaurea and S. ×niederederi. These post-invasion processes might later be mirrored in the spreading success of descendants of the invasive species and genetic erosion of the native species. Therefore, their pathways, extent and consequences require further attention.
Advances in wood processing technology
(Basel : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024) Kučerka, Martin (ed.); Očkajová, Alena (ed.); Kminiak, Richard (ed.)
Afinná geometria v analytickom a didaktickom kontexte - Zobrazenia, vizualizácie, aplikácie
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Hanzel, Pavol; Voštinár, Patrik
Cieľom učebnice je poskytnúť študentom prehľad základných princípov afinného priestoru a zobrazení. Prezentované učivo postupne prechádza od fundamentálnych konceptov vektorového priestoru cez základy afinných transformácií až po ich aplikácie. Učebnica je štruktúrovaná tak, aby nadväzovala na znalosti z lineárnej algebry, čím poskytuje čitateľom pevný teoretický základ a zároveň ich pripravuje na pokročilejšie štúdium geometrie a príbuzných oblastí. Prvá časť sa venuje základom vektorových priestorov, čo zahŕňa lineárnu závislosť, dimenziu, bázu a skalárny súčin. Táto sekcia slúži ako vstupná brána pre pochopenie štruktúry afinného priestoru, kde sú predstavené jeho základné vlastnosti vrátane vzájomnej polohy podpriestorov. Nasledujúca časť sa sústreďuje na afinné zobrazenia, ktoré sú kľúčovým nástrojom na pochopenie transformácií geometrických útvarov, ako sú posunutia, rovnoľahlosti a osové súmernosti. Záver učebnice zahŕňa aj konkrétne príklady a úlohy, ktoré pomáhajú študentom upevniť teoretické poznatky prostredníctvom praktických aplikácií. V súčasnosti zohrávajú informačné a komunikačné technológie (IKT) dôležitú úlohu vo vzdelávaní, a analytická geometria nie je výnimkou. Prostredie GeoGebra, ktoré ponúka intuitívne ovládanie a široké možnosti vizualizácie, predstavuje efektívny nástroj na demonštráciu princípov afinných zobrazení a ich aplikácií. Applety vytvorené v GeoGebre umožňujú študentom interaktívne skúmať rôzne geometrické situácie, meniť parametre a okamžite sledovať výsledky svojich úprav. Tento prístup podporuje nielen lepšie pochopenie abstraktných konceptov, ale aj aktívne zapojenie študentov do procesu učenia. Okrem toho poskytuje možnosť skúmať zložité geometrické transformácie, ktoré by inak vyžadovali zložité manuálne výpočty. Učebnica je určená pre študentov vysokých škôl, najmä tých, ktorí sa zaoberajú matematikou, fyzikou či informatickými disciplínami. Autori veria, že poskytnutý obsah im pomôže nielen pri riešení úloh v rámci štúdia, ale aj pri praktickom využití geometrických metód v ich budúcej kariére.
Aktuálne problémy Európy
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Madleňák, Tibor; Gajdoš, Alfonz; Škodová, Martina; Žoncová, Michaela
Predkladaná vysokoškolská učebnica Aktuálne problémy Európy predstavuje študijný materiál a zdroj informácií pre predmety bakalárskeho štúdia študijného programu Aplikované geovedy ako aj Učiteľstva geografie v kombinácii na Fakulte prírodných vied Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici. Spracované témy je vďaka ich multidisciplinarite možné využiť pri vyučovaní povinných predmetov ako Regionálna geografia Európy, Regionálna geografia Slovenska, Politická geografia, Geoekológia a environmentalistika, Geografické syntézy, ako aj predmetov, ktoré sa zaoberajú čiastkovými disciplínami fyzickej a humánnej geografie. Materiály môžu byť vhodné aj pri vyučovaní prierezových tém, napr. v rámci environmentálnej, mediálnej či multikultúrnej výchovy. Učebnica môže byť aktuálnym zdrojom informácií aj pre súčasných a budúcich učiteľov a študentov (nielen) geografie, ktorí majú záujem venovať vybraným témam väčšiu pozornosť, buď v rámci vyučovania alebo samoštúdia. Svojím odborným, prehľadným a pútavým spracovaním aktuálnych tém súvisiacich s Európu môže byť učebnica atraktívnym zdrojom informácií aj pre širokú verejnosť. Vysokoškolská učebnica je prepojená s digitálnym učebným materiálom dostupným na web stránke www.aktualneproblemyeuropy.sk. Pri výbere tém boli zohľadnené aktuálne učebné osnovy, ako aj názory učiteľov a študentov. Učitelia aj študenti sa zhodli, že medzi najdôležitejšie výzvy pre súčasnú Európu patria vojna na Ukrajine, klimatická kríza, problematika ochrany prírody, ilegálna migrácia či kvalita života Európanov. Výsledný súbor predstavuje pestrú paletu tém venovaných rôznym environmentálnym, demografickým, ekonomickým, politickým a sociokultúrnym problémom a výzvam. Vo väčšine prípadov sú to témy, o ktorých sa v spoločnosti intenzívne diskutuje.
AMAVET - Krajské kolo Festivalu vedy a techniky v Banskej Bystrici
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Kvasnová, Petra; Pavlovkin, Ján
Autori článku prezentujú projekty žiakov základných a stredných škôl, ktoré boli prezentované v rámci krajského kola Festivalu vedy a techniky usporiadaného Asociáciou pre mládež, vedu a techniku klub 937 so sídlom Kremnička 10 v Banskej Bystrici. Prezentujúci žiaci základných a stredných škôl v Banskobystrickom kraji preukázali svoje vedomosti a zručnosti pri riešení rôznych projektov. Všetky projekty sú originálne. Originalita ako jeden z faktorov tvorivosti je významná pri ďalšom rozvoji kreativity žiakov základných a stredných škôl. Prezentované a hodnotené projekty sú aplikovateľné v praxi. The authors of the article present the projects of primary and secondary school pupils, which were presented as part of the regional round of the Festival of Science and Technology organized by the Association for Youth, Science and Technology club 937 with its registered office in Kremnička 10 in Banská Bystrica. The presenting pupils of primary and secondary schools in the Banská Bystrica Region demonstrated their knowledge and skills in solving various projects. All projects are original. Originality as one of the factors of creativity is important in the further development of creativity of primary and secondary school pupils. The presented and evaluated projects are applicable in practice.
Analytical evaluation of PAH degradation during the cultivation of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria with bioremediation potential
(Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2025) Kupcová, Elena; Ševčíková, Janka; Krempaská, Vladimíra; Vesteg, Matej; Murgašová, Michaela; Guziurová, Pavlína
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent environmental pollutants characterized by high toxicity and low biodegradability [1]. In this study, bacterial strains capable of utilizing PAHs [2,3] were isolated from various extreme environmental habitats. The isolates were cultivated in mineral media supplemented with selected PAHs (specifically fluorene and phenantrene) as the sole carbon source and exposed to a range of concentrations to determine the maximum levels that the bacteria were able to utilize. The degradation efficiency was assessed by monitoring the residual concentrations of the target compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD/FLD). The results revealed that several bacterial strains exhibited a remarkable ability to degrade specific PAHs even at elevated concentrations, highlighting their potential application in bioremediation of contaminated environments.
Artificial neural network-based optimization of CO₂ laser cutting parameters for beech plywood and HDF: A kerf geometry perspective
(University of Zagreb, 2026) Ružiak, Ivan; Der, Oguzhan; Kubovský, Ivan; Adijans, Imants; Kučerka, Martin; Richvalská, Jana; Gajtanska, Milada; Tudor, Eugenia Marianna; Todaro, Luigi; Štefančin, Lukáš
This study presents the results of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) predictions with the aim of optimizing the process of beech plywood and HDF laser cutting. A survey is given of the results of predictions of cutting kerf parameters made by Artificial Neural Networks to cover a wide spread of CO2 laser parameters, as well as the results of experimental cutting with maximum laser power (P) equal to 135 W and maximum feed rate (v) equal to 20 mm/s. Validity of the best neural network was checked versus overfitting of the best neural networks, confirmed according to r value of the model (minimum 0.971), MAPE (%) (maximum 6.21 %) and compared with the results of other authors. The article also presents the effect of energy density values E on values of cutting kerf parameters and their variance. The results show that the optimal value of laser power (P) and feed rate (v) for beech plywood are (200-300 W; 10-15 mm/s), while for more dense and more homogenous high-density fibreboard (HDF) they are (300-500 W; 5-10 mm/s). Optimal energy densities (E) are then 133 MJ/m2 for beech plywood and 433 MJ/m2 for HDF. Similar as for other wooden materials, it follows that more dense species of wood should be cut with higher values of energy densities. The results can be applied to reduce the material and energy demands by optimizing the quality of cut with minimum symmetrical kerf widths.
Asistované prostredie pre nevidiacich – bývanie, pracovisko a počítač
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Hudec, Milan
Publikácia nadväzuje na vývoj jednotlivých pomôcok pre ľudí so zrakovým znevýhodnením. Zameriava sa na nové trendy, ktoré reprezentujú asistované prostredia pre nevidiacich. Asistované prostredia môžu byť užitočné v oblasti bývania, zamestnania, vzdelávania a v oblasti voľnočasových aktivít. Obsah publikácie je členený na tri časti, ktoré spolu súvisia: 1. Analýza súčasného stavu vývoja pomôcok a asistovaných prostredí pre nevidiacich. Analýza a špecifikácia funkcií a prínosov asistovaných prostredí na úrovni súčasného vedeckého poznania. 2. Návrh a opis nových rozšírení asistovaných prostredí pre nevidiacich, testovanie ich využiteľnosti v praxi a dokazovanie pomocou metodiky kognitívneho priechodu (Cognitive Walkthrough) ich účelnosti vo všeobecnosti pre celú komunitu nevidiacich ľudí na svete. 3. Návrh ďalšieho smerovania výskumu v oblasti vzdelávania nevidiacich študentov s aplikovaním asistenčných technológií z pohľadu pedagogických a sociálnych vied. Vývoj asistovaného prostredia pre nevidiacich členíme na sedem paralelne vyvíjaných smerov: a) sprostredkovanie informácií o interiéri, b) sprostredkovanie informácií o exteriéri, c) obsluha zariadení asistovaného prostredia budovy, d) asistencia pri vzdelávaní a voľnočasových aktivitách, e) asistencia pri práci v oblasti informatiky, f) asistencia pri práci v oblasti elektrotechniky, g) asistencia pri správe energetických systémov. Publikácia opisuje vývoj prototypu systému asistovaného prostredia, ktorý je v súčasnosti testovaný už dvadsať rokov. Odhliadnuc od vedeckého významu tohto projektu, v rámci inžinierskych cyklov vývoja vznikol funkčný produkt, ktorého komponenty sú prakticky využiteľné pri práci nevidiacich s počítačom, pri práci nevidiacich v oblasti informatiky a elektrotechniky. Dôležitým výstupom je asistenčný softvér, ktorý je priamo využiteľný pri vzdelávaní nevidiacich študentov základných a stredných škôl v predmete fyzika. Ide o asistenciu pri meraní a zapájaní elektrických obvodov. Súčasťou výskumu sú navrhované postupy používania elektrického náradia nevidiacimi ľuďmi. Pri návrhu postupov a výbere náradia sa kladie dôraz na bezpečnosť práce. Praktické zručnosti nevidiacich sú využiteľné v domácnosti, v zamestnaní a pri voľnočasových aktivitách.
Assessment of Co, Cu, Zn, As and Cd bioavailability at selected European Cu-deposits, comparative environmental and geochemical study
(North University of Baia Mare : Baia Mare, 2025) Ševčíková, Janka; Midula, Pavol; Spišiak, Ján; Kmeťová, Jarmila; Tomaškin, Ján; Kharbish, Sherif; Eldosouky Ahmed, Mohammed; Janštová, Jana; Turisová, Ingrid
The article presents the results of a study of the contamination of heaps with potentially toxic elements, focused on Co, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd, their bioavailability in the area at selected European abandoned Cu-deposits: Špania Dolina (Slovakia), Libiola, Caporciano (Italy), and São Domingos (Portugal). The content of studied metals at selected heaps often exceeds the limits of national and EU legislation. The bioavailability was studied using three-step sequential extraction, using distilled water (step I), ammonium acetate (step II) and citric acid (step III). The best bioavailable elements are Cu, Cd, and Zn. Cobalt and As are less released during the leaching into the solution. The article discusses also the main environmental problems at the individual deposits and suggests possible solutions.
Assessment of new techniques for measuring volume in large wood chip piles
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Gejdoš, Miloš; Výbošťok, Jozef; Chudá, Juliána; Tomčík, Daniel; Lieskovský, Martin; Skladan, Michal; Masný, Matej; Gergeľ, Tomáš
Our work aimed to compare the chip pile volumes calculated by laser ground scanning, UAV technology, and laser ground measurement and also to determine the accuracy, speed, and economic efficiency of each method. The large chip pile was measured in seven different ways: band measurement, laser measurement with Vertex, global navigation satellite system, handheld mobile laser scanner, terrestrial laser scanner, drone, and smartphone with a light detection and ranging sensor. All the methods were compared in terms of accuracy, price, user-friendliness, and time required to obtain results. The calculated pile volume, depending on the method, varied from 2588 to 3362 m3. The most accurate results were provided by the terrestrial laser scanning method, which, however, was the most expensive and the most demanding in terms of collecting and evaluating the results. From a time and economic point of view, the most effective methods were UAVs and smartphones with LiDAR.
Assessment of the demand for cultural ecosystem services in Local Action Group association of municipalities: a case study from Slovakia
(Univerzita J. E. Purkyně : Ústí nad Labem, 2024) Hladká, Alexandra; Izakovičová, Zita; Petrovič, František
This paper deals with the assessment of the demand for cultural ecosystem services (CES) using participatory mapping in the Local Action Group (LAG) Association of Municipalities of the White Carpathians and Trenčín Microregion and the Bošáčka Microregion, Slovakia. CES as non-material services provided by ecosystems are linked to tourism and its development. While, tourism is not very developed in the case study area, the preferences of residents and visitors to the area were investigated and compared. The aim of this paper is to map the demand for CES, both from the perspective of residents and visitors, and to propose appropriate forms of tourism for LAG municipalities based on the different demand for CES. We collected the data using a questionnaire survey at selected locations in the territory of the LAG from July to October in 2023, while aiming at two target groups (n=100 and n=108). Participatory mapping helped to identify CES demand locations in the country. Based on the results, we established a hierarchy of the importance of locations in terms of tourism interest. The survey shows that the demand for CES is influenced by the availability of the location as well as the availability of information about the area. In the case of attractive locations, both residents and visitors were willing to tolerate the lack of tourism services such as small number of accommodation and catering facilities, incomplete information or worse transport accessibility. Research showed that high demand for CES prevails among residents and visitors in the same locations, but residents identified more locations where demand for CES occurs. The results of the research are of considerable importance in the implementation of the concept of ecosystem services in the territory development documents, since on their basis it is possible to strengthen and especially optimise the development of tourism in the territory.
Bacterial inhabitants of wood-decay fungi basidiocarps
(Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2025) Beck, Terézia; Vesteg, Matej; Ševčíková, Janka; Kureková, Janka; Pristaš, Peter
Various bacteria were isolated from 14 basidiocarps of wood-decay fungi collected from June to September 2023 in selected locations in Slovakia (Oravské Veselé village, Banská Bystrica city, and a mixed forest in Vrútky city). Fungi were identified by combination of morphological traits and ITS spacer region sequence analysis, bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. To detect the cellulolytic ability of bacterial isolates, the Congo-Red Staining method with carboxymethyl cellulose medium was used. Highly variable populations of bacteria were detected in all basidiocarps with predominance of Pseudomonas spp. Most basidiocarps (9) were identified as Phellinus igniarius, from which multiple Pseudomonas spp. including P. extremorientalis, P. synxantha, two Achromobacter spp., Bacillus pumilus, B. subtilis, Enterobacter asburiae, E. bugandensis, Ewingella americana, Lelliottia amnigena, Serratia liquefaciens, and Stenotrophomonas sp. were isolated. From Trametes versicolor basidiocarps, Ochrobactrum sp. and Lelliottia amnigena were isolated; from Trametes gibbosa, Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, two Pseudomonas spp., and Stenotrophomonas sp.; from Trametes hirsuta, three different Pseudomonas species and Raoultella terrigena were isolated. In Fomitopsis betulina, two Bacillus spp. and Sporosarcina sp. were detected. Cellulolytic activity was observed in bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Achromobacter genera. The possible role of fungi-bacteria symbiosis in wood-decay is discussed.
Bezstavovce viazané na vodu očami žiakov: vnímanie a ochota ich chrániť
(Trnavská univerzita v Trnave, 2025) Bartóková, Silvia; Prokop, Pavol
Vodné bezstavovce zohrávajú kľúčovú úlohu v ekosystémoch, avšak často zostávajú na okraji záujmu verejnosti a ochrany prírody, čo je spôsobené ich nízkou známosťou a obmedzenou vizuálnou príťažlivosťou. Posilnenie povedomia o ekologickej hodnote vodných bezstavovcov a ich spojení s ekosystémovými službami môže zvýšiť empatiu a podporiť hlbšiu ochotu chrániť tieto druhy. Táto štúdia sa zameriava na vnímanie menej známych vodných a na vodu viazaných druhov medzi žiakmi základných škôl, pričom analyzuje ich estetickú príťažlivosť a ochotu zapojiť sa do ochranárskeho úsilia. Zistili sme, že medzi vnímanou atraktívnosťou vodných bezstavovcov a ochotou žiakov ich chrániť je signifikantná korelácia; najatraktívnejšie sú hodnotené imága vážok (Odonata), mäkkýše (Molusca) sú vnímané v oboch prípadoch neutrálne a medzi najmenej atraktívne patria korčuliarka obyčajná (Gerris lacustris) a pijavica lekárska (Hirudo medicinalis). Za pomoci rozličných praktických úloh, vizuálnych materiálov a emocionálne angažujúcich metód realizovaných v rámci záujmových krúžkov so žiakmi základných škôl, je snaha preklenúť priepasť medzi nízkou verejnou informovanosťou a nevyhnutnosťou ochrany ekologicky významných, no prehliadaných druhov.

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