Spatial analysis of leachate penetration at Lemna dumpsite, Calabar: Implications for sustainable waste management in Cross River State

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dc.contributor.authorIgelle, Evaristus Idaga
dc.contributor.authorPhil-Eze, Philip Ogbonnia
dc.contributor.authorAkim, O. Okang
dc.contributor.authorKanu, H. Izuakolam
dc.contributor.authorEkwok, I. C.
dc.contributor.authorAtsa, Joy William Undie
dc.contributor.authorOjugbo, P. A.
dc.contributor.authorOkputu, Joseph S.
dc.contributor.authorAbdelrahman, Kamal
dc.contributor.authorEkwok, Stephen Eguba
dc.contributor.authorAndráš, Peter
dc.contributor.authorEldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-19T07:57:32Z
dc.date.available2025-09-19T07:57:32Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionIn: Heliyon. Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V., 2024. ISSN 2405-8440. Vol. 10, č. 9 (2024), pp. 1-17.
dc.description.abstractThis study rigorously investigated the spatial analysis of leachate penetration at Lemna dumpsite, located in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Purposeful soil sampling, performed at specific intervals (5 m, 25 m, and 50 m) along the Electrical Resistivity profile line within the dumpsite, was augmented by water sample collection from five boreholes near Lemna dumpsite. Utilizing Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) survey techniques, resistivity data were systematically gathered to comprehensively analyze the Leachate Penetration in the Lemna dumpsite. Laboratory analysis of soil and borehole water quality focused on Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX), with paired sample t-tests applied for statistical scrutiny. Analyzing the ERT and VES data employed sophisticated techniques embedded in Resistivity Two Dimension Invasion software and Advanced Geosciences Incorporation Earth Imager software. Substantial disparities (p < 0.05) emerged in the paired sample t-tests for BTEX in soil compared to National Environmental Standard Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) limits. Similarly, BTEX in borehole water displayed significant differences (p < 0.05) when compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, raising alarming concerns about the safety and portability of groundwater in the area. The examination of dumpsite leachate penetration revealed a resistivity anomaly of 8.01 Ωm and an inverse depth of 12.4 m, underscoring profound environmental implications and necessitating immediate remediation efforts. Additionally, Vulnerability and Aquifer Protective Capacity Index (VES) results, with a rating of <0.1, indicated severely compromised aquifer protective capacity, emphasizing the vulnerability of groundwater resources to further contamination. Our study advocates for strategic management, remediation, and monitoring measures to prevent contamination and safeguard water quality in the region.
dc.description.sponsorshipRSP2024R496 King Saud University
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30097
dc.identifier.issn2405-8440
dc.identifier.urihttps://repo.umb.sk/handle/123456789/840
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V. : Amsterdam
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0. International
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectskládky
dc.subjectskládky odpadov
dc.subjectodpad
dc.subjectwaste products
dc.subjectnakladanie s odpadmi
dc.subjectpriestorová analýza
dc.subjectspatial analysis
dc.titleSpatial analysis of leachate penetration at Lemna dumpsite, Calabar: Implications for sustainable waste management in Cross River State
dc.typeArticle

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