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Ru-catalyzed activation of free phenols in a one-step Suzuki Miyaura cross-coupling under mechanochemical conditions
(Royal Society of Chemistry : Cambridge, 2024) Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Jakubczyk, Michał; Sarfaraz, Sehrish; Ayub, Khurshid; Iaroshenko, Viktor O.
Activation of phenols by a Ru-catalyst allows for the resulting η5-phenoxo complex to selectively react with a variety of nucleophiles under mechanochemical conditions. Conversion of phenolic hydroxy groups without derivatization is important for late-stage modifications of pharmaceuticals and in the context of lignin-material processing. We present a one-step, Ru-catalyzed cross-coupling of phenols with boronic acids, aryl trialkoxysilanes and potassium benzoyltrifluoroborates under mechano-chemical conditions. The protocol accepts a wide scope of starting materials and allows for gram-scale synthesis in excellent yields. The developed approach constitutes a very interesting and waste-limiting alternative to the known methods.
Mechanochemical trifluoromethoxylation of aryltrimethylammonium triflates, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and aryl pinacolboranes
(Cell Press : Cambridge, 2024) Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Purohit, Vishal; Zapletal, Jiří; Shalimov, Oleksandr O.; Nociarová, Jela; Addová, Gabriela; Filo, Juraj; Garcia, Michael G.; Kupcová, Elena; Benická, Barbora; Iaroshenko, Viktor O.
Aryl trifluoromethyl ethers (ArOCF3) are important structural motifs in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. However, the methods reported for the efficient synthesis of these scaffolds are extremely underdeveloped and limited. Here, we report a highly efficient mechanochemical approach for the selective transformation of aryltrimethylammonium triflates, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and aryl pinacolboranes to aryl trifluoromethyl ethers via in situ-generated OCF3 source using triphosgene and Co(II) fluoride (CoF2). The proposed synthetic protocol also shows potential for the selective transformation of other groups such as arylsulfonium and diaryliodonium functionalities. The present trifluoromethoxylation strategy exhibited a broad functional group tolerance and found to be superior over other existing protocols in terms of substrate scope, yields, operational simplicity, and reaction times.
Students' well-being and academic engagement: a multivariate analysis of the influencing factors
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Puiu, Silvia; Udriştioiu, Mihaela Tinca; Petrişor, Iulian; Yılmaz, Sıdıka Ece; Spodniaková Pfefferová, Miriam; Raykova, Zhelyazka; Yildizhan, Hasan; Marekova, Elisaveta
This paper aims to identify the factors that are positively or negatively impacting students’ well-being and their academic engagement. We used partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the data collected through a questionnaire from four countries: Romania, Turkey, Slovakia, and Bulgaria. The model includes seven factors that influence the well-being of students and indirectly their academic engagement: stressors in the students’ lives; professors’ support; social support from family and friends; the students’ perceived satisfaction in their lives; engaging in activities during their leisure time; self-exploration regarding their careers; and environmental exploration regarding their careers. The results show that all factors, except for stressors and environmental exploration regarding their careers, positively influence the students’ well-being and thus their academic engagement. These findings are useful for university professors and managers in better organizing activities to increase academic performance.
Examining effects of air pollution on photovoltaic systems via interpretable random forest model
(Elsevier B.V. : Amsterdam, 2024) Dudáš, Adam; Udriştioiu, Mihaela Tinca; Alkharusi, Tarik; Yildizhan, Hasan; Sampath, Satheesh Kumar
Renewable energy plays a vital role in power generation and solar photovoltaic systems due to resource availability throughout the year. This work aims to investigate the impact of air pollutants and meteorological parameters on the performance of the photovoltaic systems locally, taking into consideration the advantages of the photovoltaic power potential of the SW part of Romania, where Craiova is located (average solar radiation intensity >1350 kWh/m2/year). This study is based on a one-year dataset provided by a sensor that monitors particulate matter concentrations, volatile organic compounds, dioxide of carbon, ozone, noise, formaldehyde and three climate parameters (temperature, pressure, and relative humidity). The research methodology applies an innovative interpretable random forest model emphasising the implications of air pollution for photovoltaic systems. The proposed machine learning model was trained to predict the particulate matter level in air based on the basic environmental variable measurements. The study presents six random forest models of varying complexity, which reach the accuracy of classification for the selected problem up to 99 %, and applies the Shapley Additive Explanations technique to interpret the decision-making model. The observation regarding the highest concentration of particulate matter occurring during cold months, which typically do not align with peak solar irradiance, underscores the importance of considering various environmental factors in solar energy planning. With its practical implications, this insight offers decision-makers valuable information about the feasibility of optimising solar energy generation despite seasonal variations in air pollution levels, directly addressing their needs and concerns.
Hydrothermal quartz-baryte veins containing Pb-Cu-Sb-(Bi) mineralization at Brusno-Brzáčka occurrence (Veporic Unit, Central Slovakia) and their supergene alteration
(Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2024) Hoppanová Eva; Ferenc Štefan; Mikuš Tomáš; Dolníček Zdeněk; Kopáčik Richard; Vlasáč Jozef; Šimonová Viera
The Brusno-Brzáčka occurrence (N 48.7698772°; E 19.4128150°) is located near the Brusno village (Slovenské Rudohorie Mts. Veporic Unit). Historically, the mineralization was explored by small-scale mining works located at the contact between the siliciclastic rocks of the Upper Permian and the Lower Triassic age. Paleo-Alpine metamorphic-hydrothermal mineralization is represented by quartz, baryte, or quartz-baryte veins, containing weak ore mineralization. Its succession is as follows: coarse-grained quartz I, pyrite (mineralization period I); baryte (II); tetrahedrite-(Zn), chalcopyrite (III); galena (IV) and quartz II (V). Supergene alteration produced initially covellite and spionkopite in the cementation zone. The oldest minerals in the oxidation zone are goethite, pyromorphite and mimetite. They were succeeded by the crystallization of Ba-rich anglesite, which partly overlaps in time with the precipitation of slightly younger anglesite. The formation of baryte partly overlaps with the deposition of anglesite, but in most cases, it is clearly younger. Bismutite is the youngest supergene mineral. A solid solution of anglesite–baryte with a Ba content from 0.29 apfu up to 0.51 apfu (i.e., Ba-rich anglesite) was identified at the studied site. This mineral phase covers the field of immiscibility of the natural solid solution PbSO4 – BaSO4, but the Ba/Pb ratio practically does not enter the baryte field (Pb-rich baryte).
Supporting the right workplace experience: a dynamic evaluation of three activation programmes for young job seekers in Slovakia
(Springer : Heidelberg, 2024) Štefánik, Miroslav; Lafférs, Lukáš
This paper investigates three alternative active labour market policy programmes available to young job seekers in Slovakia who were registered in 2011. All of the programmes facilitate gaining work experience and share a comparable design; however, they differ mainly in the collected workplace experience and the composition of participants. Using administrative data, we first explore the selection into each programme; second, we estimate the treatment effects on job seekers’ postparticipation absence from the registry of the unemployed. For this we argue that we have sufficiently rich data to control for selection into programs. We use a dynamic estimator and report the average treatment effects of participation in different periods between the sixth and fifteenth month after starting unemployment. For participation in earlier stages of unemployment, we confirm differences in the programmes impacts, with patterns described by previous literature; workplace experience collected in either the private sector or in a regular workplace appears to improve the chances of absence from registered unemployment of young job seekers relatively more than does participation in a public works type of programme. When compared later in the unemployment spell, the between-programme differences level out. Despite its ambivalent average impact, the public works type of programme positively impacts specific subgroups of participants.
Dual digraphs of finite meet-distributive and modular lattices
(Department of mathematics and statistics of the Universidad de La Frontera : Temuco, 2024) Craig Andrew, P. K.; Haviar, Miroslav; Marais, Klarise
We describe the digraphs that are dual representations of finite lattices satisfying conditions related to meet-distributivity and modularity. This is done using the dual digraph representation of finite lattices by Craig, Gouveia and Haviar (2015). These digraphs, known as TiRS digraphs, have their origins in the dual representations of lattices by Urquhart (1978) and Ploščica (1995). We describe two properties of finite lattices which are weakenings of (upper) semimodularity and lower semimodularity respectively, and then show how these properties have a simple description in the dual digraphs. Combined with previous work in this journal on dual digraphs of semidistributive lattices (2022), it leads to a dual representation of finite meet-distributive lattices. This provides a natural link to finite convex geometries. In addition, we present two sufficient conditions on a finite TiRS digraph for its dual lattice to be modular. We close by posing three open problems.
Principles of user interface design enabling people with blindness professional work in administration of energy systems in intelligent buildings comparable to sighted workers
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers : Piscataway, 2024) Hudec, Milan; Smutný, Zdeněk
The development of ubiquitous computing in today’s society and the associated design of smart environments entails many new possibilities in supporting the daily activities of disabled people (i.e., people with blindness, seniors). The aforementioned also brings the development of ecologically oriented intelligent buildings (IB) that adapt to the needs of disabled people. At the same time, it is necessary to administrate these IB. The article presents the remote monitoring and administration of energy systems in an IB, which people with blindness can perform through a special user interface (UI) to handle complex professional tasks. The article is based on design science methodology. Using technical action research for evaluation and the cognitive walkthrough, observation, and work speed measurement for data collection, the article proposes and validates the UI for people with blindness providing heating regulation, zonal regulation and home photovoltaic power plant management and operation monitoring in an IB equipped with an ambient intelligence system. The UI allows people with blindness to work at a speed comparable to that of a sighted worker. Based on the implemented and evaluated solution, generalized principles of UI design for people with blindness are derived. The main scientific contribution of this article is to broaden the knowledge base with the principles of more complicated UI design for people with blindness for cases, where possibilities of mobile UI or speech remote control are insufficient, e.g. in professional work, where they must be competitive with the sighted workers. From a practical point of view, the article provides recommendations for designing UI for people with blindness with an emphasis on ensuring the speed, reliability, and accuracy of control. Furthermore, the article discusses new job opportunities for people with blindness in connection with the remote administration of IB, the number of which will increase.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during the pyrolysis process of plastics - characterization, quantification and risk assessment
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering : Varšava, 2024) Oravová, Lucie; Snow, Jan; Tolaszová, Jitka; Pilnaj, Dominik; Midula, Pavol; Ševčíková, Janka; Kuráň, Pavel
Occurrence, distribution, and toxicity assessment of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) prioritized by the US Environmental Protection Agency in pyrolysis products – pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis wax – of different plastics are characterized. PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, PS (respectively, polypropylene, high- and low-density polyethylene, polyvinylchloride and polystyrene) and their mixture named 5P are chosen as a feed material for pyrolysis. Pyrolysis process is carried out in a custom-built laboratory batch reactor with the pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C for PP, PVC, PS and 500 °C for HDPE and LDPE. 5P mixture is pyrolyzed at 500 and 700 °C. PAHs quantification is used to determine the toxicity equivalency quantity TEQ(BaP) for each pyrolysis product and to establish the degree of toxicity. The highest total concentration of 16 PAHs in pyrolysis oil is found to decrease in the order of PVC > PP > PS > LDPE > HDPE. According to TEQ(BaP), the toxicity of the most toxic pyrolysis oils correlates with the aforementioned order of the total concentration, i.e., being lowest for HPDE and highest for PVC. For pyrolysis wax, the highest total concentration of 16 PAHs is for PVC > PS > LDPE > PP > HDPE, while TEQ(BaP) value decreases as PVC > LDPE > PP > PS > HDPE. The PAHs concentration and TEQ(BaP) values of 5P mixture show similar trends in both products (oil, wax), i.e., they both increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature.
One-step Ru-catalyzed conversion of phenolic OH groups to trifluoromethyl under mechanochemical conditions
(Cell Press : Cambridge, 2024) Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Jakubczyk, Michał; Sarfaraz, Sehrish; Ayub, Khurshid; Purohit, Vishal; Shalimov, Oleksandr O.; Iaroshenko, Viktor O.
Direct and selective transformation of the phenolic hydroxy group in a concise way without prior derivatization is relevant in many industrial processes, particularly late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and for lignin-material treatment. The introduction of fluorine has a profound impact on the molecular properties of both small molecules and biopolymers. Herein, we report a Ru-catalyzed transformation of phenols into trifluoromethyl-arenes under mechanochemical conditions. The protocol accepts a wide scope of starting materials and allows for gram-scale synthesis in excellent yields. The developed approach may offer an important alternative to known methods in the context of PASE (pot, atom, and step economy) synthesis and, therefore, green chemistry.
Mechanochemical synthesis of aromatic ketones: pyrylium tetrafluoroborate mediated deaminative arylation of amides
(Royal Society of Chemistry : Cambridge, 2024) Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Shalimov, Oleksandr O.; Garcia, Michael G.; Zapletal, Jiří; Iaroshenko, Viktor O.
A new method has been introduced that is able to tackle the complexities of N–C(O) activation in amide moieties through utilization of pyrylium tetrafluoroborate in a mechanochemical setting, where amide bonds undergo activation and subsequent conversion to biaryl ketones. Due to the employment of a mechanochemical setting, the reaction conforms to green chemistry principles, offering an environmentally friendly approach to traditional amide derivatization techniques that rely on transition metals to achieve further functionalization.
Diversity and distribution of chironomids in Central European ponds
(John Wiley & Sons : New York, 2024) Sedlačková Přidalová, Marcela; Hamerlík, Ladislav; Novikmec, Milan; Slobodníková, Veronika; Veselská, Marta; Bitušík, Peter; Svitok, Marek
Ponds are common freshwater habitats in the European landscape that substantially contribute to local and regional biodiversity. Chironomids often dominate invertebrate communities in ponds but are usually disregarded in ecological studies due to relatively complicated taxonomy and identification issues. We present a comprehensive overview of the chironomid diversity in 246 ponds spanning a wide range of conditions extending from the Pannonian Plain to the Carpathians. Altogether, we recorded 225 taxa including 192 species from six subfamilies (Podonominae, Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae). However, the chironomid taxa inventory is far from complete and about 16% of the total diversity of pond-dwelling chironomids remains undetected. Chironomid alpha diversity showed a significant unimodal pattern along the elevation gradient with the highest number of taxa per pond expected around 790 m a.s.l. Gamma diversity also peaked in mid-elevations (600–800 m), and the common chironomid taxa partitioned the 2100-m long altitudinal gradient relatively evenly. The heterogeneity of chironomid communities among ponds measured as beta diversity was significantly higher in elevations below 800 m. Temperature and the proportion of surrounding forests significantly influenced alpha diversity of chironomid communities, while urban land cover and pond size had no significant effect. Ponds with a mean annual air temperature of approximately 4.8°C and a low proportion of surrounding forests are expected to harbour the most diverse chironomid communities. Our study showed that chironomids represent a very diverse and often exceptionally rich group of pond-dwelling macroinvertebrates. Given the high diversity and broad range of occupied niches, chironomids should not be overlooked in pond ecology studies. On the contrary, they should be considered a potential model group.
Predictive analysis visualization component in simulated data streams
(Springer Nature : Dordrecht, 2024) Dudáš, Adam; Demian, Daniel
One of the most significant problems related to Big Data is their analysis with the use of various methods from the area of descriptive statistics or machine and deep learning. This process is interesting in both—static datasets containing various data sources which do not change over time, and dynamic datasets collected with the use of ambient data sources, which measure a number of attribute values over long periods. Since access to actual dynamic data systems is demanding, the focus of this work is put on the design and implementation of a framework usable in a simulation of data streams, their processing and subsequent dynamic predictive and visual analysis. The proposed system is experimentally verified in the context of a case study conducted on an environmental variable dataset, which was measured with the use of a real-life sensor network.
Teaching programming using eduScrum methodology
(Peerj INC : San Diego, 2024) Voštinár, Patrik
There are a large number of professions in the world today. Some professions are disappearing, and some new ones are emerging. However, they all have something in common: the need to manage them. Throughout its history, humanity has developed several constantly changing forms of management. For this reason, school absolvents must enter the labour market with skills already sufficiently developed, such as communication, cooperation, teamwork, responsibility, and the ability to plan their work. The article focuses on the issue of teaching programming through mobile applications and basic robotics through the innovative form of teaching-EduScrum. The EduScrum methodology is based on the agile software development method Scrum, which develops soft skills. The article describes our experience with this teaching in computer science classes. We established several hypotheses evaluated using descriptive statistics on a sample of 251 students. The main objective of the research is to verify whether teaching computer science in primary and secondary schools using the eduScrum methodology is more suitable than the classical-frontal teaching of computer science. The research showed that secondary school students preferred the eduScrum methodology more than traditional frontal teaching and the primary school students preferred traditional frontal teaching.
Unravelling some factors affecting sexual reproduction in rock-specialist shrub: Insight from an endemic Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae)
(Public Library of Science : San Francisco, 2024) Gajdošová, Zuzana; Šlenker, Marek; Svitok, Marek; Šrámková, Gabriela; Blanár, Drahoš; Cetlová, Veronika; Kučera, Jaromír; Turisová, Ingrid; Turis, Peter; Slovák, Marek
The role of endemic species in global biodiversity is pivotal, and understanding their biology and ecology is imperative for their fitness and long-term survival, particularly in the face of ongoing climatic oscillations. Our primary goal was to investigate the sexual reproduction level of the endangered Western Carpathian endemic Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae), which inhabits extreme rocky habitats, and to comprehend the influence of specific factors on its reproductive success. We conducted the research across four populations, varying in size and environmental conditions. Over two years, we monitored flower and fruit production, analyzed genetic variability within and among populations, and studied pollination mechanisms. Daphne arbuscula proved to be strictly self-incompatible, with significant variations in flower and fruit production among populations and seasons. The average fruit production percentage consistently remained below 50% across populations, indicating challenges in sexual reproduction. Cold and harsh weather during the reproductive phase had a substantial negative impact on sexual reproduction efficacy, leading to decreased fruit production. Nevertheless, several individuals in sheltered microhabitats displayed significantly higher fruit production, ranging from 60% to 83%, emphasizing the critical role of microhabitat heterogeneity in sustaining sexual reproduction in this species. We found no pronounced differences in genetic diversity within or among populations, suggesting that genetic factors may not critically influence the reproductive success of this endemic species. The implications of our findings might be of paramount importance for the long-term survival of D. arbuscula and offer valuable insights for the development of effective conservation strategies for this species.
Investigating the pressure distribution on uneven surfaces using an educational robot for development of ergonomic school furniture
(Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, 2024) Novák, Daniel; Novák, Viktor; Voštinár, Patrik; Volf, Jaromír
The article presents the method of investigating the pressure distribution on uneven surfaces, used for the development of a new, modern series of school furniture that meets the relevant health, pedagogical and legal requirements. During the examination of pressure conditions on school chairs with a flexible tactile sensor, which was primarilly developed for this purpose, exact data on the immediate differences in contact pressures between the person sitting and the seat are obtained. Based on this information, it is then possible to optimally shape the seats during their design and subsequent production according to the age of the sitters and the needs of the organizational form of teaching from the point of view of the specific character of the teaching environment. Technical parameters of the flexible tactile sensor depend on the shape and number of electrodes, as well as on the conductive inks used, they are stated and dis-cussed within the article. Due to the large number of collected data, a robot, otherwise used in teaching, was used for obtaining of individual loading characteristics of the proposed sensor. At the end of the article, the results obtained by the statistical processing of the measurements are summarized and dis-cussed.
Nanocellulose as a reaction media and stoichiometric reagent for FeCl3-mediated reductive functionalization of nitro compounds
(The American Chemical Society : Washington, 2024) Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Purohit, Vishal; Zapletal, Jiří; Shalimov, Oleksandr O.; Iaroshenko, Viktor O.
Among a wide array of synthetic amides, N-aryl/alkyl amides are an important class of structural motifs having significant importance in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. In this regard, a rapid, low-cost, and environmentally friendly synthesis of N-aryl/alkyl amides still remains in a high demand. Herein, we report a convenient route for the mechanochemical synthesis of N-aryl/alkyl amides via FeCl3-catalyzed reductive amidation of nitro compounds, as well as acylation of aliphatic/aromatic amines with carboxylic acids using nanocellulose as the reaction media/stoichiometric reducing agent. The protocol was found to be simple, efficient, and environmentally benign to obtain a diverse array of the respective amides with good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the use of nitro compounds, amines, and carboxylic acids as cheap and readily available starting materials, FeCl3 as a nontoxic catalyst, and nanocellulose as the biodegradable reaction media as well as the stoichiometric reducing agent makes this protocol in the category of a green chemical transformation.
Contribution of protected areas to mitigate the effect of landscape fragmentation in Slovakia
(Česká společnost pro krajinnou ekologii : Praha, 2024) Černecký, Ján; Švajda, Juraj; Ďuricová, Viktória; Špulerová, Jana
The main aim of the research is to identify landscape fragmentation (LF) in Slovakia with special emphasis on the contribution of protected areas (PAs) to mitigate the effect of LF. Results are presented in the final raster output (10 m grid). The raster contains 490,321,151 individual 10 m raster grids, with the LF average value of 59.12 % (where 0 represents fragmented landscape, 100 represents fully connected landscape by natural or semi-natural ecosystems) on the national level. Most of the territory of Slovakia falls within the range of values 55 – 65 %, which confirms the presence of significant continuous unfragmented areas. Based on the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistics results, there is a positive correlation of lower LF within the PAs network (p < 0.05, Table 1) in comparison to the unprotected part of Slovakia. The results of geographically weight regression (GWR) proved a medium positive correlation (r2=0.36; r2adj=0.36; n=49,003), thus confirming to a certain extent the role of PAs in the mitigation of the effect of LF. On the other hand, the level of protection does not correlate significantly with fragmentation values, where a higher level of protection is not significantly connected with a lower level of LF. For each category of PA, individual statistics of quality and quantity of LF are estimated and subsequently compared with unprotected parts of Slovakia. The comparison of all PAs with each other resulted in 1,132 unique assessments. The overall average value of LF of unprotected parts is still rather high (56.42 %) and it shows that there are still significant areas existing, which are situated in unprotected parts of the country. Spatial analysis revealed, that these important parts are covering 93,065 hectares, and are variously spread across the whole of Slovakia. The average value of LF for these newly identified areas is 68.5 %. As output, the results of this research present a comprehensive national map of the level of LF and lists of PAs ranked according to the overall assessment of LF.
Carbon and nitrogen stocks in agricultural soils under different natural conditions and management in Slovakia
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Kizeková, Miriam; Kanianska, Radoslava; Jančová, Ľubica; Čunderlík, Jozef; Dugátová, Zuzana
Soil is a natural capital which supplies valuable ecosystem services including carbon and nitrogen storage. Agroecosystems play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (NT) accumulation. The aim of this study was to analyse SOC stock (SOCS) and NT stock (NTS) in relation to land use (arable land-AL, permanent grasslands-PG), management, soil depth, and selected soil properties of six soil subtypes (Rendzic Leptosol—LPrz, Dystric Cambisol—CMdy, Stagnic Cambisol—CMst, Haplic Fluvisol—FLha, Gleyic Fluvisol—FLgl, Haplic Chernozem—CHha) which are the most widespread in Slovakia. SOCS for a 50 cm deep soil profile ranged from 161 t.ha−1 in CHha to 59 t.ha−1 in FLgl in grasslands, and in arable lands from 111 t.ha−1 in CHha to 38 t.ha−1 in CMst. In grasslands, FLs and CMst showed the significantly lowest SOCS and NTS in comparison to CMdy, LPrz, and CHha. The mean soil NT content in arable land and grasslands was 2.21 g.kg−1 and 2.82 g.kg−1, respectively. ANOVA showed that soil subtype, land use, and site have significantly affected SOCS but not NTS. The correlation analysis revealed correlations between SOCS and NTS. SOCS was also correlated with C:N, pH, P, and K. This study should help to encourage practices to maintain soil C and soil properties and to ensure the sustainability of the functions of many soil types in Slovakia.
Experiments to verify the properties of technical materials in the subject of technology in lower secondary education
(Pädagogische Hochschule Niederösterreich : Baden, 2024) Ďuriš, Milan; Tomková, Viera; Kvasnová, Petra
This paper pays attention to the selected design of experiments that will be part of an inquiry-oriented model of students' education in the subject of Technology in lower secondary education in the Slovak Republic. The proposed model of education reflects the actual long-term objectives of students' education in the subject of Technology, which, despite the content of the curriculum in the updated Educational Standard for the subject of Technology, have not yet been fulfilled. The proposed educational model includes worksheets for students, which contain experiments with a methodology on how to experiment. Students discover new knowledge through inquiry-based activities during the implementation of the experiment, which they evaluate after the worksheet while applying formative assessment of their activity. This assessment includes a student self-monitoring record where the student records his/her response during the experiment and a self-assessment of his/her understanding of the learning unit. The article presents two experiments out of the proposed collection of experiments, along with their implementation methodology. This topic is addressed within the project KEGA nr. 006UMB-4/2022 Implementation of an inquiry-based learning model in the subject of Technology in lower secondary education focusing on the cognitive field.

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