A low-cost MLS prototype for voxel-based above-ground biomass estimation in short-rotation plantations

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dc.contributor.authorSkladan, Michal
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Arunima
dc.contributor.authorChudá, Juliána
dc.contributor.authorLieskovský, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMasný, Matej
dc.contributor.authorVýbošťok, Jozef
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-20T12:08:29Z
dc.date.available2026-03-20T12:08:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionIn: Frontiers in remote sensing. Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 2025. ISSN 2673-6187. Vol. 6 (2025), pp. [1-14].
dc.description.abstractShort-rotation plantations of fast-growing trees (FGT) offer a sustainable biomass source to mitigate climate change and boost rural energy self-sufficiency. Accurate estimation of woody above-ground biomass (AGB) is critical for efficient management and utilization of these plantations. This study evaluates modern mobile laser scanning (MLS) techniques for dry-weight AGB estimation, comparing a commercial MLS system with a low-cost prototype built on the Livox Mid-360 sensor. Research was carried out in a dense, second-rotation poplar clone plantation. Thirty-one research plots were scanned using both MLS setups, then harvested and oven-dried to obtain reference dry weights. Point clouds were processed via a voxel-based approach at four resolutions (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) to develop regression models correlating total voxel volume with dry biomass. The low-cost prototype delivered its best performance at 5 cm voxel size (R2 = 0.84; rRMSE = 12.2%), markedly outperforming the commercial system at the same resolution (R2 = 0.68; rRMSE = 17.5%). The commercial MLS achieved its optimum at 20 cm voxels (R2 = 0.82; rRMSE = 12.9%). Predictive models were validated using 16 plots for training and 15 for testing. The prototype yielded the highest precision for dry weight prediction (R2 = 0.89; rRMSE = 12.9%) at 5 cm resolution, while the commercial MLS excelled in fresh-weight estimation at 15 cm resolution (R2 = 0.92; rRMSE = 12.0%). These results demonstrate that affordable MLS solutions can provide biomass estimates comparable to those of higher-cost systems for dry AGB assessment in high-density poplar stands. Implementing low-cost laser scanning improves monitoring frequency, reduces operational expenses, and enables large-scale application in short-rotation forestry. This approach supports evidence-based decision-making for sustainable bioenergy production. Future work will explore integrating multispectral data and automated processing pipelines to further enhance biomass estimation accuracy and scalability across diverse forest conditions.
dc.description.sponsorshipAPVV-20-0391 Monitoring lesných porastov v trojdimenzionálnom priestore a čase pomocou inovatívnych prístupov blízkeho dosahu Ina VV-MVP-24-0412 Revolúcia budúcnosti: Zlepšenie mapovania lesnej biomasy a odhadu sekvestrácie uhlíka prostredníctvom technológií diaľkového prieskumu Zeme APVV-24-0290 Modernizácia postupov národnej inventarizácie lesov smerom k trojrozmernému priestoru pomocou pozemného LIDAR-u VEGA 1/0604/24 Vývoj prototypu mobilného skenovacieho systému pre účely monitoringu stavu a vývoja lesných ekosystémov VEGA 1/0177/24 Zisťovanie poškodenia povrchu vybraných kategórií lesnej dopravnej siete pomocou najmodernejších metód pozemného laserového skenovania a blízkej fotogrametrie NextGenerationEU 09I03-03-V04-00341 Vývoj prototypu nízkonákladového mobilného skenovacieho zariadenia pre monitoring stavu a vývoja lesných ekosystémov
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2025.1669081
dc.identifier.issn2673-6187
dc.identifier.urihttps://repo.umb.sk/handle/123456789/1351
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A. : Lausanne
dc.rightsCC BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. International
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectlaserové skenovanie
dc.subjectstromy
dc.subjecttrees
dc.subjectbiomasa
dc.subjectbiomass
dc.titleA low-cost MLS prototype for voxel-based above-ground biomass estimation in short-rotation plantations
dc.typeArticle
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article

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