08 Články v časopisoch

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Competition as a catalyst for innovation? Assessing SMEs' attitudes towards digital market regulation and competition
(IRENET : Záhreb, 2024) Huňady, Ján; Pisár, Peter
Expanding the digital economy represents a major challenge for EU competition policy and regulations. Despite their importance, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) receive minimal attention regarding their perspectives on the issue. Hence, the main aim of the paper is to examine their attitudes towards digital market competition and its regulations. The paper analyses secondary data from the Flash Eurobarometer 510 survey with more than 12,800 observations from EU countries. Moreover, it also identifies potential factors affecting firms’ attitudes based on the logistic regression. Firms’ attitudes seem to be correlated with awareness of the EU competition policies for digital transition. Better-informed firms have more favourable attitudes towards market competition. They are increasingly perceiving competition as a catalyst for innovation. Moreover, they are increasingly reporting significant problems with the lack of competition when applying to digital platforms for customer outreach. Insufficient competition in the digital market appears to be a problem for a significant proportion of SMEs’. We also identified the sectors and countries experiencing the worst problems associated with limited competition in the digital platform market. Smaller firms and those with a long presence on the market are more supportive of the Digital Markets Act as an effective regulation.
Determinants of the development of social enterprises in the lagging region of Warmia and Mazury
(Academiei de Studii Economice din București : Bukurešť, 2024) Olinski, Marian; Mioduszewski, Jarosław; Krištofík, Peter
Social enterprises in Europe are increasingly evolving into hybrid entities, simultaneously striving to attain both social and economic objectives. This transformation aligns them uniquely with the EU's Cohesion Policy, which seeks to reduce disparities and promote harmonious development across its regions. These hybrid enterprises can play a central role in this policy framework, particularly in regions marked by economic and social challenges. The main objective of the paper is to explore potential strategies to improve the performance of social enterprises operating in economically disadvantaged regions. The Warmia and Mazury region in Poland serves as a pertinent example in this context, marked by the highest unemployment rate in the nation alongside other notably weak economic indicators. These factors contribute to its designation as a “lagging region” by the European Union, thus making it a focal point for intervention under the Cohesion Policy. A key strategy suggested for regions facing these challenges involves fostering the growth of social enterprises, which are dedicated to addressing social issues through market-driven approaches. This study presents findings derived from a survey-based methodology. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on data sourced from 104 social enterprises in the Warmia and Mazury region, employing univariate descriptive statistical techniques. These techniques included the evaluation of frequency distributions, the calculation of percentages, means, standard deviations, and the application of nonparametric tests. The analysis provided insights that indicated that social enterprises that engaged in diversified business practices exhibited superior effectiveness compared to those with a narrower scope of activities. Furthermore, the perspectives of managers of these social enterprises were scrutinised, revealing a significant trend. The managers of diversified companies possessed a markedly optimistic outlook for future financial performance. However, it is important to note a critical limitation observed in the study – even the enterprises that demonstrated success within their local region faced challenges in replicating this success in other areas, suggesting a potential constraint in the scalability of their business models.
Digitalizácia v prostredí miestnych samospráv, súčasnosť a výzvy do budúcnosti
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Ľapinová, Erika; Kubišová, Martina
The topic of digitization resonates in Slovakia and around the world, both in the corporate and public sectors. It is a natural result of technical, economic, and social development at home and in the world with significant economic, social, and individual-level impacts. Both Slovakia and the European Union have set strategic goals in this area and are interested to fulfilling them. In our paper, we present the topic of digitalization to the widest possible range of readers, because, especially from the professional public, there are voices about the lack of information on the issue. We define it against related concepts as computerization (electronization), smart cities, and industry 4.0. In the article, we aim to focus on digitalization in the environment of local governments, we present selected examples of possible digital solutions from self-government practice, but we also reflect on the challenges and barriers that currently hinder the application of digital solutions in the practice of local governments to support in this way the implementation of digital solutions in practice, and also to point out the importance of further research in this sphere and outline its further direction.
Does self-employment foster regional economic performance? Evidence from four post-socialist countries
(Ekonomický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied : Bratislava, 2024) Boďa, Martin; Považanová, Mariana; Ďurčanská, Lenka
For 37 regions of four Visegrád Group (V4) countries that used to be part of the Socialist Bloc, the paper studies the interaction between self-employment (as a proxy of entrepreneurial capital) and per-capita real gross domestic product (as a measure of economic performance or prosperity). A system of two simultaneous spatial panel data equations is applied to aggregate regional data for a period of 20 years from 2001 to 2020 in order to explore the links between entrepreneurial activity and performance and to identify determinants of this relationship. Mutual positive correlation is found between self-employment and regional economic performance, and a number of regional labor-market, demographic or socio-economic characteristics are identified to be factors of the entrepreneurship-development nexus. Only Hungarian regions deviate from this generally established pattern. The present study complements the research agenda that has been so far pursued exclusively for Western and developing countries.
Cross-cultural adaptation of a questionnaire measuring organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Manuel, Candida Duarte; Magalhães, Carla Rebelo; Huber, Claudia Maria; Smerek, Lukáš; Costa, Artur Fernandes; Alves, José Ribeiro
Translation, adaptation, and validation of instruments for cross-cultural investigation requires a rigorous methodological procedure that should be carefully planned to deliver instruments with adequate reliability and validity. This process was applied to a questionnaire measuring Organizational Citizenship Behavior toward the Environment (OCBE), Organizational Identification (OI), Environmental Responsibility (ER), and Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) in Portuguese and Slovak organizations. Several methodological procedures for cross-cultural adaptation and validation of questionnaires were analyzed, most of which used independent translators, experts' analysis, and backward translation to the original language. In the present study, a procedure adapted from Beaton et al. (2000) was applied successfully, and the blind backward translations; expert committee; and the two pretests to assess content validity, functional equivalence, and clarity proved to be worthy. The psychometric properties were measured using a sample from Portugal (N = 122) and Slovakia (N = 269). Although employees were perceiving neither a strong environmental responsibility of their organizations nor strong green human resources management, they identified themselves with the organizations and engaged in OCBEs. Comparing both countries, the factorial structure was remarkably similar, highlighting the eco-helping actions and eco-civic engagement of OCBEs. Comparing both countries, the factorial structure was remarkably similar, highlighting the eco-helping actions and eco-civic engagement of OCBEs. The results indicated that the translated instrument was functionally equivalent to the original one, valid (scale CVI/Ave > 0.83), and reliable (Scale Alpha > 0.733) for evaluating the effect of employee practices and organization management in promoting and supporting environmental sustainability.
Application of mental accounting to selected aspects of consumer behavior
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Tančák, Marek; Krištofík, Peter
This study explores mental accounting by integrating behavioral economics and accounting principles to understand consumer decision-making. It introduces a novel framework based on double-entry accounting principles, drawing from accounting standards, to visualize mental accounting processes and mitigate heuristic-driven biases. Theoretical insights synthesize classical and modern literature, highlighting heuristics as both enablers and sources of cognitive bias. Empirical analysis demonstrates how these biases influence decision-making and validates the framework’s utility in identifying and mitigating irrationalities. By adopting an accounting perspective, consumers can rationalize financial decisions more effectively. The findings advance behavioral economics, offering practical tools to enhance decision-making under uncertainty and suggesting paths for future research.
Consumer behaviour under dual quality of products: Does testing reveal what consumers experience?
(Indian Institute of Management : Bangalúr, 2024) Bartková, Lucia; Veselovská, Lenka
The main aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the nature of products tested to reveal dual quality and customers’ experiences, and for individual organisations to arrive at important guidelines for future solutions to the problem. The data used in this study were provided by the first nationwide survey conducted on a sample of 987 consumers throughout the Slovak Republic. Based on the experiences and opinions of consumers, recommendations were formulated for brand owners offering products with dual quality. Knowing the opinions of consumers will allow companies to adapt their offerings to the market.
Controlling tools in family and non-family businesses: a case study of woodworking and furniture industry
(Institute of Economic Research : Olsztyn, 2024) Sedliačiková, Mariana; Poláková, Natália; Musa, Hussam; Schmidtová, Jarmila
Research background: Many studies point to the fact that the use of controlling in family businesses differs from that in non-family businesses and depends on factors that cannot be observed in non-family businesses. The research into the application of controlling tools in family and non-family businesses operating in the woodworking and furniture industry in Slovakia as a unique interconnection of the issues of family businesses, controlling and the Slovak woodworking and furniture industry has not been so far carried out. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to identify significant differences in the application of tools of individual controlling subsystems between family and non-family businesses operating in the woodworking and furniture industry in Slovakia on the basis of a comprehensive mapping of the utilization of controlling tools in the businesses in question. Methods: The mapping of the issue was carried out by questionnaire-based method. In total, seven hypotheses were formulated. The validity of the assumed hypotheses was verified by two sample z-test. To generalize the obtained results to the entire basic set, verification of the minimum sample size was carried out. The representativeness of the sample was verified by the Pearson's Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit. Findings & value added: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there are indeed significant differences in the use of controlling tools between family and non-family businesses operating in the industries in question. The results have showed the existence of significant differences in the use of tools of all examined controlling subsystems. It can be concluded that the application of controlling tools in the family businesses is significantly different from that in the non-family businesses. It can also be observed that family businesses of the industries in question tend to use controlling in an insufficient way and in general to a lesser extent compared to non-family businesses. The main benefit of the paper is the identification of the use of controlling tools in Slovak family businesses operating in the woodworking and furniture industry compared to non-family businesses. This knowledge can be valuable for practitioners and researchers in the field. The contribution also refers to the future direction of the development of the Slovak woodworking and furniture family businesses.
Dependent self-employment in Slovakia - opportunity or necessity?
(Český statistický úřad : Praha, 2024) Kaščáková, Alena; Knapková, Miroslava; Martinkovičová, Miriam
Recently, the European labour market has witnessed a shift in work structures, notably with self-employed individuals without employees. Many of these individuals are performing self-employment involuntarily, aiming for stable full-time employment. Due to insufficient income, instability, limited career prospects, and inadequate access to social protection, they are dissatisfied with their self-employed status. This dissatisfaction could potentially affect their overall job satisfaction and performance. The goal of this study, conducted on the basis of original primary survey among self-employed persons in Slovakia in 2022, is to explore the motivations influencing self-employment. Specifically, the research aims to examine the initial driving factors behind self-employment among 306 individuals, categorized into 194 traditional independent selfemployed and 112 economically dependent self-employed persons. Results indicate that among economically dependent self-employed persons, necessity-driven motives prevail, particularly necessity to enter family business, job loss, and employer-induced self-employment. For traditional independent self-employed persons, opportunity-driven motives predominate, notably pursuit of better working conditions, desire for independence, and efforts to earn more.
Dynamics of electronic word-of-mouth: Insights from destination management organizations
(ASERS Publishing : Craiova, 2024) Medeková, Kristína; Pompurová, Kristína
This study investigates destination management organizations' (DMOs) perceptions and engagement with electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in tourism, aiming to understand its impact on destination management and tourist decision-making. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with 46 Slovak and Czech DMOs and quantitative content analysis of eWOM about destinations on popular eWOM platforms - destination websites, Google Maps, and Facebook. The integration of in-depth thematic insights and extensive eWOM data analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of DMO strategies and their effectiveness in eWOM management. While DMO representatives acknowledge the importance of eWOM and claim to actively monitor and respond to it, the content analysis of eWOM reveals a low engagement in terms of the number of reviews and narrative feedback, particularly on destination websites and Google Maps. DMOs appear more active on Facebook, where they engage visitors through contests and respond to reviews and comments, aligning with the interview findings regarding their efforts to manage and respond to eWOM. The discrepancy between the perceived importance of eWOM by DMOs and the actual engagement levels on platforms like Google Maps and destination websites suggests a potential area for improvement in encouraging more narrative feedback and reviews to better manage destination image and visitor experiences. This research contributes to the understanding of eWOM from the supply side by focusing on DMOs' strategies and responses to online tourist feedback, an area previously underexplored in eWOM research within the context of tourism management.
Spotrebitelia v prostredí zeleného marketingu a greenwashingu
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Seberíni, Andrea; Izáková, Katarína; Hronec, Martin
A significant problem that is emerging in the discursive practices of green marketing is the rise of greenwashing; companies providing irrelevant, overstated or false information about a product’s sustainable attributes. This raises a number of issues that have not yet been rigorously investigated. This study uses focus group discussions to provide one of the first assessments of the impact of greenwashing on consumers. Three semi-structured focus group interviews 14 participants aged 20-45 using reflective thematic analysis. The aim of the study is to gain first insights into how consumers perceive different green marketing strategies. Findings from the focus group discussions suggest that message source, green brands, brand perception and brand familiarity have a strong influence on perceived message credibility. The impact of disclosure of greenwashing strategies on purchase behaviour is influenced by several factors, but even in cases where it does not directly lead to a change in purchase behaviour, consumers believed that greenwashing information was important to their overall decision-making process. The observed deterioration in consumer trust in product brands in response to greenwashing undermines the potential of green marketing and contributes to reputational damage for manufacturers. More importantly from a practical perspective, this study shows evidence of the impact of greenwashing on credibility and opens ways for further research.
The digital transformation of European Union countries before and during COVID-19
(IRENET, Society for advancing innovation and research in economy : Záhreb, 2024) Huňady, Ján; Pisár, Peter; Khawaja, Sarwar; Qureshi, Fayyaz Hussain
The transformation of business and the economy is a key business problem, and its importance was further heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the increased pressure on enterprises. Hence, the digital readiness of their business will likely determine its future competitiveness in the field. Objectives: The paper addresses the issue of digital readiness for business, with the aim of examining similarities and differences in the digital readiness of European Union countries. The main focus is on identifying the changes during the first two years of the pandemic. Methods/Approach: We conducted a factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on selected indicators. The results revealed some significant differences. Results: While the countries that lead in digital readiness remained the same, there were relatively large differences in the classification of other EU countries. Some countries, such as Latvia or Slovenia, significantly improved in many aspects of digital readiness during the pandemic. On the other hand, Bulgaria and Romania are still included in the same cluster, representing an overall low digital readiness. Conclusion: Enterprises in more developed countries also have a higher level of digital readiness. Although COVID-19 had a positive impact on digital readiness in some less developed countries, the impact is only partial, indicating a need for stronger actions to bridge the digital divide at the EU level. These findings provide a hopeful outlook, suggesting that with the right actions, the digital divide in the EU can be effectively bridged.
Transformation of trade flows between the EU and Ukraine in the conditions of increasing security risks
(Ternopiľskyj nacionaľnyj ekonomičnyj universytet : Ternopiľ, 2024) Lyzun, Mariia; Vitálišová, Katarína; Borseková, Kamila
The EU is currently Ukraine’s largest trading partner. The European market is characterized by high solvency and capacity, which creates many opportunities for Ukrainian exporters. The article examines the transformation of trade flows between the European Union and Ukraine in the context of increased security risks caused by Russia’s full-scale military aggression against Ukraine. An analysis of the main changes in the structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade was carried out, including the reorientation of export and import flows to EU markets. A significant unevenness in the concentration of Ukrainian exports to EU countries was revealed, which makes its economy more vulnerable to external shocks and points to the available opportunities for increasing exports to other EU member states. An assessment of the economic benefits and challenges faced by both sides was carried out. On the basis of the conducted SWOT analysis, opportunities for trade cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the conditions of transformation of trade flows were identified.
Transakčné náklady ako faktor kontrahovania verejných služieb
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Murínová, Kristína
Deciding whether to contract out public services or to manage them internally should involve the analysis of the transaction costs, which can make up a significant part of the overall costs for contracting out. Despite their importance, previous research suggests that these costs are often overlooked during the decision-making process, both in Slovak municipalities and in other countries as well. This study identifies the current situation in Slovakia regarding transaction costs, which we split into ex-ante transaction costs and transaction costs occuring during the contract period, specifically those associated with the municipal waste management service. Using data from an online survey of 254 municipalities, the analysis shows a general lack of information regarding these costs from the municipalities´ point of view.
Udržateľná móda z pohľadu slovenských podnikov
(Universum : Prešov, 2024) Gundová, Petra; Volovská, Viktória
The presented paper focuses on the perception of sustainable fashion from the perspective of Slovak companies. The aim of the paper is to present the views of three selected Slovak companies on sustainable fashion. The main research technique was an interview with three Slovak companies SUCHANOVA, Nika Intima and Lull Loungewear. The interview was focused on consumer behavior in the segment of sustainable fashion, a view on the promotion of sustainable fashion in Slovakia, government support and environmental legislation in the fashion industry. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were proposed that could help to develop a sustainable trend and reduce negative environmental consequences.
Quality management in the context of performance and agility of manufacturing enterprises
(EnPress Publisher : Tustin, 2024) Gejdoš, Pavol; Potkány, Marek; Schmidtová, Jarmila; Závadský, Ján; Knop, Krzysztof
The application of quality management methods and tools is an important prerequisite for the success and performance increase of manufacturing enterprises. The paper deals with the application of methods and tools of quality management (MTQM) in manufacturing enterprises. The paper aims to analyze whether there is a relationship between the application of MTQM and the size of enterprises, the use of MTQM, and the performance of enterprises measured through the achieved profit. It also analyzes the impact of MTQM on the agility of manufacturing enterprises measured through the decrease in sales expressed in revenues during the pandemic period. The paper presents the results of the research which was conducted between 2020–2022. Several statistical tools such as the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test, Pearson’s chi-square test, and contingency analysis were used to evaluate the different analyses as well as the representativeness of the sample. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there are differences in the use of MTQM and the size of the enterprise as well as the performance of the enterprises. At the same time, the hypothesis that enterprises using a wider range of quality management methods and tools have a higher potential to adapt to unexpected market changes was also confirmed.
Two decades of efficiency research in Czech and Slovak banking in retrospect
(Nakladatelství Oeconomica, Vysoká škola ekonomická : Praha, 2024) Boďa, Martin; Zimková, Emília; Karaka, Anton
The paper is a thematic analysis of 44 empirical studies that applied frontier techniques in analysing efficiency of Czech and Slovak commercial banks. The 44 journal articles were extracted from the Web of Science database and classified by prevailing research interest, methodological configuration and main findings in order to determine the state of the art and provide a starting point for further research in this subject area. The main research agenda of efficiency studies focused on Czech and Slovak banking was classified into eight relatively compact research interests ranging historically from effects of transition reforms to effects of asset and income diversification. The first identifiable wave of research was represented by foreign authors who examined issues of economic transition and its impact on performance of banks, and lasted until about 2013, when the baton passed into the hands of authors of Czecho-Slovak provenience.
EU countries tax evasion clustering
(Český statistický úřad : Praha, 2024) Stachová, Mária; Ščerba, Kamil
The problem of tax evasion is becoming more and more prominent, and it is causing large losses in individual state budgets. However, European policies have taken significant steps to eliminate them over the last two decades. National policies also contribute to reducing the estimated extent of tax evasion, as measured by Schneider's MIMIC model. However, these tendencies are not the same in individual countries. Therefore, in our paper, we try to find pattern in tax evasion time trajectories of European Union countries and thus to create homogenous clusters that include countries with similar tax evasion situation. To meet our goal, we use panel data clustering method on our data with information about tax evasion of EU countries from 2000 to 2019. As a next step, we compare created cluster from the perspective of quality indicators of public institutions.
Identifying corporate culture using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument
(European center for economic & social research : Trenčín, 2024) Lorincová, Silvia; Stasiak-Betlejewska, Renata; Streimikis, Justas; Fulajtárová, Zlatica
Research background: Corporate culture undoubtedly plays a crucial role in successfully overcoming the challenges associated with modern trends in today's business environment. Corporate culture is an incredibly fascinating field within organizational management. It requires investigation, as it is not static but evolves and adapts over time. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article was to define the type of corporate culture by identifying both the current and desired corporate culture. Additionally, the study examined the differences in values related to corporate culture. Methods: The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument was utilized to identify the current and desired corporate culture. This methodology evaluated the company's underlying values and related assumptions, providing a realistic representation of its culture. Findings & Value added: The key conclusions is that in the wood industry, companies were perceived as highly personalized environments, resembling close-knit families where employees frequently interacted and shared commonalities. Alongside mentoring, facilitation, and support, effective management also emphasized cooperation and functional teamwork. Formal rules, loyalty, and mutual trust played a significant role in maintaining cohesion within the company. Employee development, trust, openness, and solidarity were emphasized. Success was based on human resource development, teamwork, employee engagement, and interest. The dominant corporate culture in the wood industry was clan corporate culture. Therefore, leadership based on mentoring, facilitation, and support should be prioritized. The valued added is the finding that the clan corporate culture should continue to prevail in wood industry companies for the next 5 to 10 years. Therefore, it is recommended teamwork, consensus, and a sense of belonging should continue to be prominent in the wood industry's future. Loyalty and mutual trust should be key elements in maintaining company unity. Employee development, trust, openness, and solidarity should also be consistently implemented, along with human resource development, teamwork, employee engagement, and interest. These findings can assist managers in their management practices.
Rozdelenie vidieckeho a mestského obyvateľstva v závislosti od volebných preferencií s využitím tekutej a pevnej modernity ako analytického rámca
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Cole, David Austin; Valihorová, Marta; Murray Svidroňová, Mária
Zygmunt Bauman zaviedol pojem „tekutá modernita“ na charakterizovanie meniacich sa životných štýlov typických pre mestské centrá. Alternatívou je „pevná modernita“, ktorú opisuje ako snahu o stabilitu a zachovanie tradície – koncept typický pre vidiecke oblasti. Keďže vidiek sa považuje za protiklad mesta, obyvatelia vidieka sú vnímaní skôr ako ľudia, ktorí sa venujú poľnohospodárstvu, ťažbe surovín alebo iným činnostiam priamo spojeným s pôdou v prírodnom prostredí. Takýto pohľad však prehliada ekonomické prepojenie mnohých vidieckych oblastí s veľkými aj malými mestami a vytvára tiež predpoklady pre rozdielne volebné preferencie. V štúdii sme vychádzali z údajov o poštových smerovacích číslach uvedených v 3,3 milióna pracovných zmlúv v rámci Sociálnej poisťovne. S ich pomocou sme zisťovali, kde ľudia pracujú a kde bývajú. Tieto údaje sme potom porovnali s údajmi o volebnom hlasovaní v mestách podľa toho, ako sú obyvatelia ekonomickými väzbami prepojení s vidieckymi oblasťami. Cieľom príspevku je identifikovať vidiecke oblasti podľa napojenosti na mestské centrá a odmerať voličské odchýlky medzi vidieckym a mestským prostredím. Tento rozdiel môže byť skreslený, ak je ekonomické prepojenie obyvateľa vidieka spojené s mestom. Po identifikovaní mestských centier v každom z ôsmich krajov sme merali voličské preferencie vo vidieckych oblastiach. Zistili sme, že takzvané vidiecke regióny majú veľmi podobné výsledky hlasovania bez ohľadu na to, akú mieru prepojenosti s mestom majú ich obyvatelia. Podľa našich záverov s decentralizáciou a presunom obyvateľstva z mestského prostredia do vidieckeho prostredia rastie túžba po pevnej modernite a s ňou aj po populistickejšom hlasovaní.

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