Fakulta telesnej výchovy, športu a zdravia UMB

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2. InterRehab – rehabilitation conference
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2026) Líška, Dávid (ed.)
This conference brings together a broad spectrum of topics that illustrate both the diversity and the evolving complexity of modern rehabilitation. Across today’s program, we will explore musculoskeletal, neurological, behavioral, and preventive approaches to patient care, emphasizing not only treatment techniques but also clinical reasoning, long-term outcomes, and patient-centered strategies. The richness of these contributions demonstrates that rehabilitation is no longer viewed as an isolated intervention, but as an essential and integrated part of healthcare systems worldwide.
9. Sport international conference
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Líška, Dávid (ed.)
This year’s conference is held under the theme of promoting a multidisciplinary approach to sport, health, and human movement. The integration of knowledge from different disciplines - from clinical practice and physiotherapy to training methodology and scientific research - represents the pathway to a deeper understanding of the complexity of the human body and physical performance. The purpose of this conference is not only to present new research findings but also to create space for dialogue, for the exchange of ideas, for the sharing of best practices, and for discussion about innovative methods, new technologies, and emerging trends in sport and rehabilitation. Each presentation, each abstract, and each discussion has the potential to spark new ideas and to inspire progress in our respective disciplines.
Adolescent sleep quality as critical component of healthy lifestyle
(Independent Publisher Zhanneta Kozina : Charkov, 2024) Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal; Bartik, Pavol
Background and purpose: Adolescence is a critical period for physical, emotional, and cognitive development. High-quality sleep during this phase is essential for healthy growth, emotional well-being, optimal weight, and learning. These factors significantly influence the academic achievements of young people. Purpose: to develop and experimentally justify the methodology of training basketball teams of humanitarian higher educational institutions, taking into account the psychophysiological capabilities of the players. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 626 secondary vocational school students aged 17 years from the Central Slovakia region (353 girls and 273 boys). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The questionnaires were distributed electronically via Google Forms from October 2023 to March 2024. The results were analyzed with an emphasis on gender differences using the chi-square test (χ2), F-test, and independent t-test at significance levels of p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively. Results: The majority of students, both boys and girls, fell asleep between 11:00 PM and midnight. The average bedtime was 10:54 PM for girls and 10:50 PM for boys, with no significant differences between genders. Significant differences were found in wake-up times, with nearly 40% of girls waking up before 6:00 AM, compared to only 24% of boys (p<0.01). Boys experienced fewer difficulties falling asleep, with 21% falling asleep within 15 minutes (p<0.05). The average sleep duration was 6 hours and 28 minutes for girls and 6 hours and 55 minutes for boys, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Sleep efficiency was higher in boys (84.25%) compared to girls (78.75%). Sleep problems, daytime dysfunction, and mood changes were more frequent among girls (p<0.01). Only 28.33% of girls and 39.19% of boys had good sleep quality (p<0.01), while 17.00% of girls and 4.40% of boys exhibited severe sleep disturbances Conclusions: Our findings indicate significant gender differences in sleep habits and quality, consistent with existing literature. These results highlight the need for increased attention to sleep issues among adolescents and the implementation of preventive and intervention measures to improve sleep quality, which could have a positive impact on their overall health and well-being.
An intervention for improving posture in school-age boys: Evidence from out-of-school settings
(Trenčianska univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka v Trenčíne, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Mandzáková, Martina; Kľocová Adamčáková, Zora
Introduction: Postural deviations in school-age boys represent growing public health concerns, often linked to sedentary behavior, insufficient physical activity, and inadequate ergonomic conditions. While out-of-school settings offer promising settings for preventive interventions, research in this context remains limited. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of 8-week intervention on posture in school-age boys, attending out-of-school settings. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental design involved 35 male participants (age: 9.4 ± 0.3 years), with 20 assigned to experimental group receiving the intervention and 15 to nonintervention control group. The program consisted of 20-minute sessions, conducted 3/ week over 8 weeks. Parameters of posture (head/neck, chest, abdomen/pelvis, spine, shoulders/ scapulas) were evaluated pre- and post-intervention using validated observational tools (Klein and Thomas/Mayer method). Results: Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-Tests) revealed significant post-intervention improvements (p < 0.01) in all evaluated parameters within the experimental group, accompanied by large effect sizes. No significant change was observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that brief, structured interventions can produce clinically meaningful improvements in postural health among school-age boys, affirming the utility of out-of-school settings for posture correction and prevention.
Analýza kondičných schopností vo volejbale v družstve junioriek
(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2025) Azor, Stanislav; Popelka, Jaroslav
Východiská: Kondičná príprava je kľúčovým faktorom športového výkonu v kolektívnych športoch, ako je volejbal. Juniori a juniorky sa nachádzajú v období intenzívneho telesného a motorického vývinu, čo si vyžaduje špecifický prístup k tréningu. Zároveň je dôležité sledovať kondičné schopnosti hráčok, ktoré ovplyvňujú ich športový progres a celkový herný výkon. Ciele: Štúdia analyzuje kondičné schopnosti junioriek volejbalového družstva VK PALAS Levice s cieľom identifikovať úroveň ich fyzickej pripravenosti, silových, rýchlostných a vytrvalostných parametrov. Metodika: Výskum bol realizovaný formou testov štandardizovanej testovej batérie SVF. Testovanie prebiehalo v dvoch fázach: prvá fáza hodnotila všeobecnú pohybovú výkonnosť, zatiaľ čo druhá sa zamerala na špeciálnu pohybovú výkonnosť vo volejbale. Vzorku tvorilo 13 hráčok rôznych vekových kategórií (1997–2001). Výsledky boli porovnané s existujúcimi normami a analyzované deskriptívnymi štatistickými metódami. Výsledky: Výskum ukázal, že hráčky dosahujú rôzne úrovne kondičnej pripravenosti, pričom individuálne rozdiely boli pozorované najmä v silových a rýchlostných parametroch. Priemerná úroveň všeobecnej kondície zodpovedala normám pre volejbalistky v tejto vekovej kategórii, no testy naznačili potrebu cielenejšieho tréningového zamerania na špecifické zložky výkonnosti, najmä výbušnú silu dolných končatín a vytrvalosť. Závery a odporúčania: Kondičná pripravenosť je kľúčovým determinantom športového výkonu vo volejbale. Výsledky výskumu naznačujú potrebu systematického rozvoja silových a rýchlostných schopností u junioriek, pričom odporúčame personalizovaný prístup k tréningovým metódam zohľadňujúci individuálne potreby hráčok. Pravidelné testovanie a monitoring kondičnej úrovne by mali byť neoddeliteľnou súčasťou športovej prípravy.
Analýza štandardnej hernej situácie rohový kop na Majstrovstvách sveta vo futbale 2022
(Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, 2024) Kollár, Rastislav; Nemec, Miroslav
Cieľom tejto štúdie je prezentovať analýzu štandardnej hernej situácie rohový kop vo futbale. Celkovo bolo analyzovaných 228 rohových kopov v 39 stretnutiach, zahrávaných 8 družstvami hrajúcich štvrťfinále na MS 2022. Parametre analýzy boli - strana ihriska rohového kopu (pravá, ľavá), čas realizácie (interval 1-30, 31-60, 61-90, 90-120) a priestor, kam lopta smerovala (zóny 1, 2, 3, 4 a 5). Sledovanú štandardnú hernú situáciu sme vyhodnotili aj z pohľadu úspešnosti a účinnosti. Početnosť zahraných rohových kopov v jednotlivých časových intervaloch nevykazovala výraznú rozdielnosť. Najčastejšou zónou, kam lopta smerovala bola zóna 1 (40,8%). Celkove môžeme konštatovať, že účinnosť tejto štandardnej hernej situácie, v podobe dosiahnutia gólu, bola veľmi nízka, keď z 228 zahrávaných rohových kopov skórovali útočiaci hráči iba v troch prípadoch (1,3%).
Analýza streľby v ľadovom hokeji v kategórií seniori
(Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, 2024) Opáth, Lukáš; Pokrievka, Matej
Našim hlavným cieľom bolo analyzovať početnosť a úspešnosť streľby podľa streleckých zón v útočnom pásme a zistiť konkrétny typ streľby vo vybraných zápasoch UMB Hockey Team Banská Bystrica v sezóne 2023/2024. UMB Hockey Team je členom EUHL (Európska hokejová liga) od roku 2014. V sezóne 2023/2024 obliekalo dres UMB 29 hráčov z toho 15 útočníkov, 10 obrancov a 4 brankári. Priemerný vek družstva bol 24 rokov. V sezóne 2023/2024 dokázal tím získať 1. miesto a stal sa tak majstrom. Objektom nášho pozorovania bolo 21 súťažných zápasov UMB Hockey Team z toho 14 v základnej časti a 7 v play-off. V týchto zápasoch sme pomocou nepriameho pozorovania analyzovali početnosť a úspešnosť streľby podľa streleckých zón v útočnom pásme a zisťovali sme aj konkrétny typ streľby. V sezóne 2023/2024 tím UMB Hockey Team vystrelil na súperovu bránu celkovo 870 krát, pričom skórovali 96 gólov, čo znamená streleckú úspešnosť 11%. Analýza zakončenia podľa streleckých zón v útočnom pásme ukázala, že najviac striel bolo vyslaných zo zóny 5 (zóna pri modrej čiare), konkrétne 258, čo predstavuje 29,60% z celkového počtu. Zároveň sme zistili, že najviac gólov, až 54, bolo strelených zo zóny 1 (zóna pred bránou), čo predstavuje viac ako polovicu zo všetkých strelených gólov (56,30%). Najvyššiu úspešnosť podľa streleckých zón sme zaznamenali v zóne 1, v pred bránkovom priestore, kde dosiahla 23,3%. Analýzou streľby podľa typu zakončenia sme zistili, že najpoužívanejším typom streľby bola strela zápästím. Týmto typom zakončenia bolo vyslaných 541 striel, čo predstavuje 62,20% z celkového počtu. Tento typ strely tiež viedol k najväčšiemu počtu gólov, a to 39, čo je 40,60%. Najvyššiu úspešnosť streľby sme zaznamenali pri zakončeniach priklepnutím a tečovaním, a to 22,20%.
Analýza výskytu oslabených svalov trupu u študentiek Fakulty múzických umení Akadémie umení v Banskej Bystrici
(Universum : Prešov, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Slováková, Michaela
Študenti hudobných odborov sú vystavení dlhodobému jednostrannému a statickému zaťaženiu pri hre na nástroj alebo speve. Tento typ záťaže prispieva k vzniku svalovej dysbalancie, ktorá sa prejavuje oslabením stabilizačných svalových skupín a poruchami posturálnej kontroly. Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať výskyt oslabených svalov trupu u študentiek Fakulty múzických umení Akadémie umení v Banskej Bystrici, so zameraním na brušné svalstvo, hlboké ohýbače krku a hlavy a dolné fixátory lopatiek. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 56 študentiek (priemerný vek 22,74 roka) zapísaných v denných študijných programoch interpretačného umenia. Funkčný stav vybraných svalových skupín bol hodnotený pomocou štandardizovaných testov podľa Thurzovej (1992). Analýza poukázala na oslabenie vo všetkých sledovaných svalových skupinách. V brušnom svalstve bolo oslabenie prítomné u 42,86 %, v hlbokých flexoroch krku u 50,00 % a v dolných fixátoroch lopatiek až u 57,14 % študentiek. Tento podiel oslabených svalov signalizuje významné narušenie stabilizačných mechanizmov trupu a riziko rozvoja horného a dolného skríženého syndrómu. Zistenia potvrdzujú vysoký výskyt oslabených stabilizačných svalov, čo poukazuje na komplexné narušenie hlbokého stabilizačného systému u študentiek hudobných odborov. Identifikované deficity predstavujú rizikový faktor pre vznik posturálnych porúch a muskuloskeletálnych ťažkostí. Do edukačného procesu je potrebné integrovať pravidelné hodnotenie funkčného stavu pohybového aparátu, cielené posilňovanie oslabených svalov a fyzioterapeutické intervencie. Tieto opatrenia môžu významne prispieť k podpore zdravia študentiek a dlhodobej udržateľnosti ich umeleckej činnosti.
Atletika 2024 Kondičný tréning v roku 2024 Plávanie 2024 : recenzovaný vedecký zborník príspevkov z medzinárodných vedeckých konferencií
(Banská Bystrica : Slovenská asociácia kondičných trénerov, 2024) Čillík, Ivan (ed.); Pupišová, Zuzana (ed.); Dibdiak, Andrej (ed.); Hlávek, Michal (ed.)
Beh na krátku vzdialenosť – švihový beh
(Banská Bystrica : [Katedra telesnej výchovy a športu], 2023) Čillík, Ivan; Lednický, Anton; Doležajová, Ladislava
Atletika nepatrí medzi najobľúbenejšie aktivity na hodinách telesnej a športovej výchovy na základných školách. Cieľom projektu je ukázať, že aj atletické pohybové činnosti sa dajú učiť zaujímavo a inovatívne, žiaci môžu získať k nej pozitívny vzťah a byť motivovaní mať radi. Výstupom projektu bude učebný program, ktorého obsahom budú: učebný text a viedonahrávky s ukážkami metodiky atletických pohybových činností inovatívnym prístupom. Mieru prínosu programu pre zvýšenie efektivity výučby atletiky ako aj zvýšenie motivácie u žiakov overíme niekoľkými výskumnými metódami. Jednou z hlavných bude metóda pedagogického experimentu, ako aj výskumné metódy realizované predovšetkým použitím merných prostriedkov ako sú: riadený rozhovor, či dotazník, na meranie miery motivácie žiakov a ich postojov.
Changes in thoracolumbar spine following a 10-week corrective exercise programme in students of performing arts
(Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Azor, Stanislav; Bartik, Pavol
Introduction: Students of performing arts, in particular, music students, are vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) because of prolonged static postures and asymmetrical loading associated with instrument playing. Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the impact of a 10-week corrective exercise programme on improving thoracolumbar spine in female university-level students of performing arts. Materials and Methods: A true experimental design was used with 25 female students of performing arts, divided into an experimental group (n = 15, 60%) and control group (n = 10, 40%). Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were conducted using Schober’s, Stibor’s and Otto’s tests. Non-parametric statistical analyses were applied. This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic – Grant No. 1/0512/24: Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Students of Performing Arts. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in all three spinal function tests: Schober’s (from 3.06 ± 0.60 cm to 5.40 ± 0.82 cm), Stibor’s (from 6.46 ± 0.64 cm to 9.20 ± 0.86 cm) and Otto’s (from 4.12 ± 0.98 cm to 5.86 ± 0.36 cm), all with p < 0.01. No changes were observed in the control group. Between-group comparisons at Week 10 confirmed significant functional improvements in the experimental group (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: The 10-week corrective exercise programme significantly enhanced thoracolumbar spine (function) in students of performing arts. These findings suggest that low-cost, targeted interventions can effectively address posture-related musculoskeletal risks in this population and should be integrated into the curricula for performing arts.
Changes in velocity decrement at different phases of a 30-meter resisted sprint
(Masarykova univerzita, Fakulta sportovních studií : Brno, 2025) Marčan, Daniel; Lipčák, Adam; Škorik, Marián; Tomek, Petr; Kalina, Tomáš
Resisted sprint training is one of the most studied methods for developing speed capabilities, especially for elite-level athletes. While traditional sled training relies on a fixed load based on the percentage of body mass, recent research suggests that resistance based on velocity decrement (Vdec) may be a more practical option. This study examines whether Vdec at a given resistance remains consistent or varies across different phases of a 30 m sprint. Twelve male participants with a speed-focused training history were involved in this study. Participants performed 30 m sprint trials, with time splits recorded at 10 m intervals (0–10 m, 10–20 m, 20–30 m) and additional segmental analysis for distances 0–20 m, 10–30 m and the entire 0–30 m sprint. Each participant completed two repetitions at five different resistance levels provided by a cable-driven motorised resistance system (1080 Sprint). The analysis of horizontal force-velocity-power parameters showed moderate variation in force generation of the subjects, with an average theoretical maximal force of 6.33 ± 0.85 N/kg and a relatively consistent maximal velocity of 9.39 ± 0.42 m/s. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in % Vdec (p ≤ 0.05) across different sprint phases, with higher resistance leading to increased differences in the individual phases of the run. Segmental analysis showed a greater % Vdec as sprint distance increased across all resistance levels. These findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of resisted sprint training for more effective speed development.
Collection of abstracts: The movement activity enhancement after the COVID19 pandemics
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Líška, Dávid (ed.)
Comparison of eccentric and concentric training effects on improving explosive performance in elite female basketball players: a pilot study
(Univerzita Mateja Bela, Filozofická fakulta : Banská Bystrica, 2024) Škorik, Marián; Pupiš, Martin; Sýkora, Jozef; Švantner, Roman
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of concentrically dominant (CD) and eccentrically dominant (ED) training programs on explosive abilities in elite female basketball players, focusing on vertical jump performance. Methods: A total of 10 elite female basketball players were divided into two groups, with five participants each. One group followed a concentrically dominant training program, while the other group followed an eccentrically dominant program. The training lasted six weeks, with two sessions per week. Vertical jumps were assessed using countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jumps (SQJ), and drop jumps (DJ), focusing on parameters such as Relative Peak Power and Landing Rate of Force Development (RFD) and other parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, independent t-tests, and Cohen’s d to assess effect sizes for the CMJ, DJ, and SQ tests. Results: The CD group demonstrated improvements in both Relative Peak Power (from 41.520 to 43.360 W/kg, Cohen's d = -0.824) and Jump Height (Cohen's d = -0.964) in the CMJ test, though the differences were not statistically significant. The ED group showed minimal improvement, and in some cases, slight reductions in performance parameters. In the DJ test, significant improvements in Landing RFD were observed in the CD group (Cohen's d = -1.533), while the ED group showed a large effect size in Landing RFD (Cohen's d = -0.858), though this effect was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Concentrically dominant training was more effective in improving explosive strength and jump height, as well as demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in Landing RFD. While eccentrically dominant training also showed a notable effect in landing control, it was not as pronounced or statistically significant. Based on these findings, incorporating both training modalities could enhance explosive performance and improve landing mechanics in elite female basketball players. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to solidify these conclusions.
Comparison of modern and traditional coaching styles in ice hockey
(Univerzita Mateja Bela, Filozofická fakulta : Banská Bystrica, 2024) Opáth, Lukáš; Štofanková, Adriána
Our study focuses on comparing the modern coaching style with the traditional style by examining the efficiency of training sessions designed by us. Additionally, we compared the results of our monitored club, HK Brezno, with two other clubs: HK Sportrend Žiar nad Hronom and HK Iskra Partizánske. For the comparison of training sessions, we selected four attributes: players' active time, decision-making element, number of shots, and number of passes. The observed players participated in five training sessions reflecting modern coaching methods and five sessions based on traditional coaching methods. The measured results indicate that modern coaching is significantly more effective in HK Brezno than the traditional style. Similarly, in the other two clubs, we concluded that the traditional approach is not effective for the needs of contemporary hockey, whereas the modern coaching style meets all the requirements of modern hockey.
Comparison of the level of physical activity after the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic
(BioMed Central : Londýn, 2024) Líška, Dávid; Rutkowski, Sebastian; Oplatková, Lenka; Sýkora, Jozef; Pupiš, Martin; Novák, Jakub; Urbářová, Eliška; Rutkowska, Anna; Busch, Andrew; Kobesová, Alena
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with limited physical activity (PA) of most of the world’s population. This cross-sectional prospective study aimed to assess the levels of PA of university students in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia after COVID-19 using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Methods: A total of 2635 students completed questionnaires regarding their PA levels using the IPAQ-SF between September and December 2022. Results: PA measured by metabolic equivalent of task (MET) scores, varied between the three countries: Slovakia median MET-minutes/week score 4459.9; Czech Republic 3838.8 Poland 3567.1. The results of the post hoc analysis revealed there were significant differences in MET-minutes/week values between the Czech Republic and Poland (p < 0.035) as well as between the Czech Republic and Slovakia (p < 0.037). The analysis of energetic expenditure during walking revealed that students from the Czech Republic and Slovakia had higher median MET-min/weeks values (Czech 2284.1; Slovak 2467.1) compared to their Polish (1536.1) peers (p < 0.001). Polish cohort presented with significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) than Czech and Slovak groups (BMI Czech: 22.3; Slovak 22.8; Polish 23.8). Conclusions: Significant differences in PA levels between the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia university students were identified. Slovakia showed the highest median PA measured as a MET score, and Poland showed the lowest. Compared to available pre-COVID studies it seems the total level of PA in the observed cohorts has not returned to the pre-COVID levels and students remain less active.
Comparison of the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in professional and amateur golfers
(Crnogorska sportska akademija : Podgorica, 2025) Michal, Jiří; Straňavská, Stanislava; Bolčíková, Anika
This research aimed to determine and compare the annual prevalence of musculoskeletal problems (MSKP), such as aches, pains, discomfort, and numbness, for professional (PRO) golfers and amateur (AM) golfers. In to- tal, 144 golfers participated in our research: 45 PRO golfers from 18 countries and 99 AM golfers. The primary research method was a non-standardized online questionnaire. The part of the questionnaire focused on the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in golfers contained questions from the standardized Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ). We collected responses from late July 2024 to mid-September 2024. A chi-square test of homogeneity showed that there was a significant difference in the annual prevalence of MSKP between PRO golfers and AM golfers in the shoulder (PRO=40.00%, AM =20.20%, RR=2.63 (95% CI:1.22—5.70)), wrist/hand (PRO=44.44%, AM=23.23%, RR=2.64 (95% CI:1.25—5.60)), hips/thighs (PRO=40.40%, AM=18.18%, RR = 2.56 (95 % CI:1.17—5.59)), and neck (PRO=40,00%, AM=18.18%, RR=3.00 (95% CI:1.37—6.58). Significant associations were found between MSKP and training load, competitive frequency, breaks from golf, age, and gender. Professional golfers reported higher prevalence of MSKP than amateurs, except for the elbows, where amateurs were more af- fected. Understanding these differences highlights the impact of training load and demographic factors on injury risk, which can inform coaches and medical staff in optimizing training programs and reducing pain occurrence.
Correcting posture (body and foot) in karate: influence of Propriofoot concept on posture in children under 12 years of age
(Stowarzyszenie Idōkan Polska : Rzeszów, 2025) Azor, Stanislav; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Bartik, Pavol
Background. Correct posture, both body and foot, is essential in karate for maintaining balance, generating power, and preventing injury. Despite its importance, correcting improper posture remains challenge, particularly in children under 12 years of age who are still undergoing physical development. This age group requires more time and structured guidance to master correct posture. Problem and aim. Interventions aimed at improving posture in karate, especially for children under 12, represent a significant area of research. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, notable gaps persist in the literature within the Slovak context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to experimentally validate the impact of the Propriofoot Concept on posture improvement in young karate practitioners under the age of 12. Material and methods. A 10-week intervention program (Propriofoot Concept) was conducted from September 2 to November 8, 2024, with sessions held three times per week, each lasting 10 minutes. The program targeted 8 children (50%) under 12 years of age in the experimental group (mean age: 10.40 ± 0.60 years; weight: 38.20 ± 2.40 kg; height: 138.60 ± 2.40 cm). The control group also consisted of 8 children (50%) under 12 years of age (mean age: 10.80 ± 0.80 years; weight: 36.40 ± 2.20 kg; height: 136.20 ± 2.40 cm), who did not receive any experimental stimulus. Posture evaluation was performed using a standardized method, Klein and Thomas’s, refined by Mayer and Srdecny’s Index Method. Assessments were conducted before (Week 1, September 2) and after (Week 10, November 8, 2024) the intervention. The impact of the program was statistically evaluated using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Pearson’s r. Results. The 10-week intervention program significantly improved posture in the experimental group (n = 8, 50%), with results showing statistically significant improvements (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group (n = 8; p > 0.05). Conclusions. The absence of significant improvements in the control group highlights the importance of structured intervention programs in correcting posture among young karate athletes. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that support motor learning, posture correction, and motivation, particularly for children under 12 years of age engaged in karate training.
Cvičenia na nácvik a zdokonaľovanie preskoku - skrčky pre žiakov nižšieho stredného vzdelávania
(Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2025) Žilovcová, Iveta; Voľanský, Samuel
Telesná a športová výchova zohráva významnú úlohu v rozvoji žiakov. Jej súčasťou je okrem iného gymnastika, ktorá rozvíja koordináciu, silu, rovnováhu, flexibilitu a zároveň si žiaci osvojujú nové gymnastické zručnosti. V rámci tematického celku Základy gymnastických športov sa žiaci oboznamujú s technikou a metodikou jednotlivých cvičebných tvarov, medzi ktoré patrí aj preskok – skrčka (Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky, 2015; Strešková, 2008). Hlavným cieľom preskoku je prekonávanie rôznych druhov náradia prostredníctvom skoku. Najčastejšie sa pri ňom využíva koza – umiestnená na šírku alebo na dĺžku, prípadne švédska debna postavená na šírku (Janošková & Šeráková, 2019). V nižšie uvedených cvičeniach je využitá molitanová švédska debna. Strešková (2003) definuje šesť fáz preskoku: rozbeh, náskok na mostík a odraz, prvá letová fáza, dohmat a odraz z náradia, druhá letová fáza a doskok. Súhlasíme s Kremnickým, Chrudimským a Atikovićom (2019), že pri doskoku je dôležité stlmiť kinetickú energiu tela, aby sa dostalo do stabilnej polohy. Koordinovaná činnosť dolných končatín, správna orientácia v priestore a stabilná rovnováha sú základom úspešného doskoku. V príspevku uvádzame deväť cvičení, ktoré je možné využiť nielen pri nácviku, ale aj pri zdokonaľovaní gymnastickej zručnosti pri preskoku – skrčka. Cvičenia sú vhodné pre žiakov nižšieho stredného vzdelávania.
Differences in gender of adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction in Slovakia: Do adolescent boys participate in more physical activity than girls?
(H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University : Charkov, 2025) Adamčák, Štefan; Izáková, Andrea; Marko, Michal; Bartik, Pavol; Hůlka, Karel
Background and purpose: Adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction plays an important role in development (their), influencing academic success, self-esteem, and/or well-being. Structured leisure is associated with higher satisfaction, while unstructured is associated with health problems (mental). Study aims to examine adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction in Slovakia; in particular, differences in gender. Material and methods: 20-item survey was carried out 10 weeks (January 1 – March 10, 2024), targeting 2764 Slovak adolescents (41.98% boys, and 58.02% girls) aged 17.4–17.6 years. 20-item survey, adapted for study, examined the Slovak adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction across 5 sections; in particular, active leisure, passive leisure, education leisure, leisure caring, and social leisure, and by means of Assumption of Homogeneity of Variance and Independent Samples, 2-Sample T-Test, and Anova, of which the significance level (p) was 0.01 and 0.05 (Ibm Spss Modeler). Results: Adolescent boys and girls reported moderate satisfaction in leisure time (boys: 3.44, girls: 3.48); however, significant (p) differences in gender were in specific sections of leisure. Adolescent boys reported higher satisfaction in active leisure (2.80 vs. 2.36; p < 0.01), while girls reported higher satisfaction in passive leisure (3.66 vs. 3.30; p < 0.01), leisure education (2.66 vs. 2.46; p < 0.01), leisure caring (2.56 vs. 2.36; p < 0.01), and social leisure (2.30 vs. 2. 14, p < 0.01). Results (our) indicate that adolescent girls derive (more) satisfaction from leisure that involve learning, nurturing, and social interaction. Conclusions: It (study) highlights significant (p) differences in gender in adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction, as is shaped by social norms and preferences of adolescents. Adolescent boys seek autonomy and competence in active pursuits, while girls prioritize emotional connection and engagement in social leisure and leisure caring. Results (our) emphasize needs of gender-inclusive leisure programs that encourage diverse participation and/or address cultural (social) barriers.

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