Repozitár DSpace :: Prehliadanie podľa Autor "Marko, Michal"

Prehliadanie podľa Autor "Marko, Michal"

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Adolescent sleep quality as critical component of healthy lifestyle
(Independent Publisher Zhanneta Kozina : Charkov, 2024) Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal; Bartik, Pavol
Background and purpose: Adolescence is a critical period for physical, emotional, and cognitive development. High-quality sleep during this phase is essential for healthy growth, emotional well-being, optimal weight, and learning. These factors significantly influence the academic achievements of young people. Purpose: to develop and experimentally justify the methodology of training basketball teams of humanitarian higher educational institutions, taking into account the psychophysiological capabilities of the players. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 626 secondary vocational school students aged 17 years from the Central Slovakia region (353 girls and 273 boys). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The questionnaires were distributed electronically via Google Forms from October 2023 to March 2024. The results were analyzed with an emphasis on gender differences using the chi-square test (χ2), F-test, and independent t-test at significance levels of p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively. Results: The majority of students, both boys and girls, fell asleep between 11:00 PM and midnight. The average bedtime was 10:54 PM for girls and 10:50 PM for boys, with no significant differences between genders. Significant differences were found in wake-up times, with nearly 40% of girls waking up before 6:00 AM, compared to only 24% of boys (p<0.01). Boys experienced fewer difficulties falling asleep, with 21% falling asleep within 15 minutes (p<0.05). The average sleep duration was 6 hours and 28 minutes for girls and 6 hours and 55 minutes for boys, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Sleep efficiency was higher in boys (84.25%) compared to girls (78.75%). Sleep problems, daytime dysfunction, and mood changes were more frequent among girls (p<0.01). Only 28.33% of girls and 39.19% of boys had good sleep quality (p<0.01), while 17.00% of girls and 4.40% of boys exhibited severe sleep disturbances Conclusions: Our findings indicate significant gender differences in sleep habits and quality, consistent with existing literature. These results highlight the need for increased attention to sleep issues among adolescents and the implementation of preventive and intervention measures to improve sleep quality, which could have a positive impact on their overall health and well-being.
An intervention for improving posture in school-age boys: Evidence from out-of-school settings
(Trenčianska univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka v Trenčíne, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Mandzáková, Martina; Kľocová Adamčáková, Zora
Introduction: Postural deviations in school-age boys represent growing public health concerns, often linked to sedentary behavior, insufficient physical activity, and inadequate ergonomic conditions. While out-of-school settings offer promising settings for preventive interventions, research in this context remains limited. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of 8-week intervention on posture in school-age boys, attending out-of-school settings. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental design involved 35 male participants (age: 9.4 ± 0.3 years), with 20 assigned to experimental group receiving the intervention and 15 to nonintervention control group. The program consisted of 20-minute sessions, conducted 3/ week over 8 weeks. Parameters of posture (head/neck, chest, abdomen/pelvis, spine, shoulders/ scapulas) were evaluated pre- and post-intervention using validated observational tools (Klein and Thomas/Mayer method). Results: Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-Tests) revealed significant post-intervention improvements (p < 0.01) in all evaluated parameters within the experimental group, accompanied by large effect sizes. No significant change was observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that brief, structured interventions can produce clinically meaningful improvements in postural health among school-age boys, affirming the utility of out-of-school settings for posture correction and prevention.
Analýza výskytu oslabených svalov trupu u študentiek Fakulty múzických umení Akadémie umení v Banskej Bystrici
(Universum : Prešov, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Slováková, Michaela
Študenti hudobných odborov sú vystavení dlhodobému jednostrannému a statickému zaťaženiu pri hre na nástroj alebo speve. Tento typ záťaže prispieva k vzniku svalovej dysbalancie, ktorá sa prejavuje oslabením stabilizačných svalových skupín a poruchami posturálnej kontroly. Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať výskyt oslabených svalov trupu u študentiek Fakulty múzických umení Akadémie umení v Banskej Bystrici, so zameraním na brušné svalstvo, hlboké ohýbače krku a hlavy a dolné fixátory lopatiek. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 56 študentiek (priemerný vek 22,74 roka) zapísaných v denných študijných programoch interpretačného umenia. Funkčný stav vybraných svalových skupín bol hodnotený pomocou štandardizovaných testov podľa Thurzovej (1992). Analýza poukázala na oslabenie vo všetkých sledovaných svalových skupinách. V brušnom svalstve bolo oslabenie prítomné u 42,86 %, v hlbokých flexoroch krku u 50,00 % a v dolných fixátoroch lopatiek až u 57,14 % študentiek. Tento podiel oslabených svalov signalizuje významné narušenie stabilizačných mechanizmov trupu a riziko rozvoja horného a dolného skríženého syndrómu. Zistenia potvrdzujú vysoký výskyt oslabených stabilizačných svalov, čo poukazuje na komplexné narušenie hlbokého stabilizačného systému u študentiek hudobných odborov. Identifikované deficity predstavujú rizikový faktor pre vznik posturálnych porúch a muskuloskeletálnych ťažkostí. Do edukačného procesu je potrebné integrovať pravidelné hodnotenie funkčného stavu pohybového aparátu, cielené posilňovanie oslabených svalov a fyzioterapeutické intervencie. Tieto opatrenia môžu významne prispieť k podpore zdravia študentiek a dlhodobej udržateľnosti ich umeleckej činnosti.
Changes in thoracolumbar spine following a 10-week corrective exercise programme in students of performing arts
(Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Azor, Stanislav; Bartik, Pavol
Introduction: Students of performing arts, in particular, music students, are vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) because of prolonged static postures and asymmetrical loading associated with instrument playing. Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the impact of a 10-week corrective exercise programme on improving thoracolumbar spine in female university-level students of performing arts. Materials and Methods: A true experimental design was used with 25 female students of performing arts, divided into an experimental group (n = 15, 60%) and control group (n = 10, 40%). Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were conducted using Schober’s, Stibor’s and Otto’s tests. Non-parametric statistical analyses were applied. This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic – Grant No. 1/0512/24: Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Students of Performing Arts. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in all three spinal function tests: Schober’s (from 3.06 ± 0.60 cm to 5.40 ± 0.82 cm), Stibor’s (from 6.46 ± 0.64 cm to 9.20 ± 0.86 cm) and Otto’s (from 4.12 ± 0.98 cm to 5.86 ± 0.36 cm), all with p < 0.01. No changes were observed in the control group. Between-group comparisons at Week 10 confirmed significant functional improvements in the experimental group (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: The 10-week corrective exercise programme significantly enhanced thoracolumbar spine (function) in students of performing arts. These findings suggest that low-cost, targeted interventions can effectively address posture-related musculoskeletal risks in this population and should be integrated into the curricula for performing arts.
Correcting posture (body and foot) in karate: influence of Propriofoot concept on posture in children under 12 years of age
(Stowarzyszenie Idōkan Polska : Rzeszów, 2025) Azor, Stanislav; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Bartik, Pavol
Background. Correct posture, both body and foot, is essential in karate for maintaining balance, generating power, and preventing injury. Despite its importance, correcting improper posture remains challenge, particularly in children under 12 years of age who are still undergoing physical development. This age group requires more time and structured guidance to master correct posture. Problem and aim. Interventions aimed at improving posture in karate, especially for children under 12, represent a significant area of research. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, notable gaps persist in the literature within the Slovak context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to experimentally validate the impact of the Propriofoot Concept on posture improvement in young karate practitioners under the age of 12. Material and methods. A 10-week intervention program (Propriofoot Concept) was conducted from September 2 to November 8, 2024, with sessions held three times per week, each lasting 10 minutes. The program targeted 8 children (50%) under 12 years of age in the experimental group (mean age: 10.40 ± 0.60 years; weight: 38.20 ± 2.40 kg; height: 138.60 ± 2.40 cm). The control group also consisted of 8 children (50%) under 12 years of age (mean age: 10.80 ± 0.80 years; weight: 36.40 ± 2.20 kg; height: 136.20 ± 2.40 cm), who did not receive any experimental stimulus. Posture evaluation was performed using a standardized method, Klein and Thomas’s, refined by Mayer and Srdecny’s Index Method. Assessments were conducted before (Week 1, September 2) and after (Week 10, November 8, 2024) the intervention. The impact of the program was statistically evaluated using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Pearson’s r. Results. The 10-week intervention program significantly improved posture in the experimental group (n = 8, 50%), with results showing statistically significant improvements (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group (n = 8; p > 0.05). Conclusions. The absence of significant improvements in the control group highlights the importance of structured intervention programs in correcting posture among young karate athletes. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that support motor learning, posture correction, and motivation, particularly for children under 12 years of age engaged in karate training.
Differences in gender of adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction in Slovakia: Do adolescent boys participate in more physical activity than girls?
(H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University : Charkov, 2025) Adamčák, Štefan; Izáková, Andrea; Marko, Michal; Bartik, Pavol; Hůlka, Karel
Background and purpose: Adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction plays an important role in development (their), influencing academic success, self-esteem, and/or well-being. Structured leisure is associated with higher satisfaction, while unstructured is associated with health problems (mental). Study aims to examine adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction in Slovakia; in particular, differences in gender. Material and methods: 20-item survey was carried out 10 weeks (January 1 – March 10, 2024), targeting 2764 Slovak adolescents (41.98% boys, and 58.02% girls) aged 17.4–17.6 years. 20-item survey, adapted for study, examined the Slovak adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction across 5 sections; in particular, active leisure, passive leisure, education leisure, leisure caring, and social leisure, and by means of Assumption of Homogeneity of Variance and Independent Samples, 2-Sample T-Test, and Anova, of which the significance level (p) was 0.01 and 0.05 (Ibm Spss Modeler). Results: Adolescent boys and girls reported moderate satisfaction in leisure time (boys: 3.44, girls: 3.48); however, significant (p) differences in gender were in specific sections of leisure. Adolescent boys reported higher satisfaction in active leisure (2.80 vs. 2.36; p < 0.01), while girls reported higher satisfaction in passive leisure (3.66 vs. 3.30; p < 0.01), leisure education (2.66 vs. 2.46; p < 0.01), leisure caring (2.56 vs. 2.36; p < 0.01), and social leisure (2.30 vs. 2. 14, p < 0.01). Results (our) indicate that adolescent girls derive (more) satisfaction from leisure that involve learning, nurturing, and social interaction. Conclusions: It (study) highlights significant (p) differences in gender in adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction, as is shaped by social norms and preferences of adolescents. Adolescent boys seek autonomy and competence in active pursuits, while girls prioritize emotional connection and engagement in social leisure and leisure caring. Results (our) emphasize needs of gender-inclusive leisure programs that encourage diverse participation and/or address cultural (social) barriers.
Dynamic function of spine and its influence by 10-week intervention program in students of performing arts
(IP Iermakov SS : Charkov, 2025) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Azor, Stanislav; Bartik, Pavol
Background and Study Aim. Students of performing arts often engage in repetitive practice routines. This can lead to overuse and muscle fatigue, which increase the risk of acute pain in the neck, arms, and shoulders. These conditions may negatively affect both quality of life and performance. Although various corrective approaches are applied in performing arts education, their relative effectiveness in improving spinal function remains a matter of practical interest. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 10-week intervention program on the dynamic function of the spine in students of performing arts. Material and Methods. The 10-week intervention program was carried out twice per week for 30 minutes (Tuesday, Thursday) between October 14 and December 20, 2024. It was aimed at improving the dynamic function of the spine in 16 students (58%) of performing arts who were assigned to the experimental group (age 22.20 ± 1.40 years, weight 80.60 ± 2.80 kg, height 180.20 ± 4.40 cm). Twelve students (42%) received no intervention and formed the control group (age 22.80 ± 1.40 years, weight 76.80 ± 1.60 kg, height 176.80 ± 2.80 cm). All 28 students (100%) were bachelor’s degree students (1st–3rd year) in Performing Arts and Composition at the Academy of Arts in Banská Bystrica (Faculty of Performing Arts). Standardized measures for evaluating the dynamic function of the spine (forward and side bend tests) were applied before the program (Week 1, October 14) and after completion (Week 10, December 20, 2024). The impact was evaluated using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results. The results demonstrated significant improvements (p < .01) in the dynamic function of the spine in the experimental group (N = 16, 58%) after the 10-week intervention, particularly in forward and side bend tests. Scores in the forward bend test improved from -10.62 ± 4.24 cm in Week 1 to -2.74 ± 1.84 cm in Week 10 (Z = 3.52, p < .01, r = .62). Improvements (p < .01) were also observed in the side bend test, with lateral flexion to the right increasing from 18.56 ± .62 cm to 21.56 ± .62 cm (Z = 3.54, p < .01, r = .62) and lateral flexion to the left increasing from 18.36 ± 1.02 cm to 21.54 ± .60 cm (Z = 3.60, p < .01, r = .64). No significant improvements (p > .05) were observed in the control group (N = 12, 42%), suggesting that the 10-week intervention program contributed to the observed outcomes. Conclusions. The 10-week intervention program significantly improved (p < .01) the dynamic function of the spine in students (N = 16, 58%) of performing arts. These results underscore the importance of interventions in mitigating musculoskeletal risks associated with prolonged instrumental practice. Future research should explore long-term effects and broader applications of such interventions within performing arts education.
Environmental awareness and behaviors in outdoor physical activity: perspectives of high school students
(Mendelova univerzita v Brně : Brno, 2025) Azor, Stanislav; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Kuriplachová, Ľudmila
Environmental degradation (climate change) continues to endanger ecosystems – making it important to understand how students; in particular, at high schools in Slovakia, view roles (their) in environmental conservation, while participating in outdoor physical activity; therefore, study (our) aims at exploring intersections of environmental awareness and behaviors in outdoor physical activity from the perspectives of high school students. 3-item survey (instrument) was carried out 4 months (September 1 – December 24, 2024), targeting 1619 (100%) students at high schools (45.03% of boys and 54.97% of girls), aged 16.60 ± 1.20 years. 51.14% (828, n) of students believed that environmental awareness in outdoor physical activity is important in terms of environmental conservation (p ˂ 0.01). 67.63% (1095, n) of students reported doing best (their) to leave as little impact on environments as possible by disposing of trash, while participating in outdoor physical activity (p ˂ 0.01). 648 (40.02%) students reported using apps (basic) that help to improve environmental awareness in outdoor physical activity (p ˂ 0.01). Students (≥ 75%) recognize the importance of environmental awareness and adopt behaviors – sustainable, in outdoor physical activity; however, there remains needs for further educational interventions to encourage wider adoption of technology-driven environmental awareness tools.
Harmonizing musculoskeletal health: transformative effects of 8-week intervention program on posture in music students
(IP Iermakov S.S. : Charkov, 2024) Azor, Stanislav; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Bartik, Pavol
Background and Study Aim. Musculoskeletal complaints are common among music students, irrespective of gender. They develop due to intense practice over an instrument; spending long hours of practice may cause muscular imbalance, tension, and awkward posture. The repetitive nature of practice in music students may cause overuse and fatigue. This increases the risk of acute pain and can affect both quality of life and performance. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the transformative effects of an 8-week intervention program on posture in music students. Material and Methods. The 8-week intervention program with transformative effects was conducted over 8 weeks (from September 18 to November 12) on Mondays and Thursdays, for 45 minutes each session. The program aimed to benefit 25 music students, of whom (i) 15 were in the experimental group (with an average age of 24.20 years, average weight of 82.40 kg, and average height of 178.60 cm), and (ii) 10 were in the control group (with an average age of 24.60 years, average weight of 78.40 kg, and average height of 182.20 cm). All participants were enrolled in the second year of a master's degree program in Performing Arts. Standardized measures for evaluating posture (utilizing Klein and Thomas's method, as refined by Mayer) were conducted both before (Week 1, September 18) and after (Week 8, November 12) the intervention. The impact of the 8-week intervention program was assessed using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Pearson's r. Results. Significant differences (p ˂ 0.05, ˂ 0.01) between 25 music students (M); in particular experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 10), were in 4 (80%) segments of body in post-test: (i) Head and neck; (ii) Abdomen and pelvis; (iii) Curvature of spine; (iiii) Shoulders and scapulas. Insignificant differences (p ˃ 0.05) between 25 music students (M) were in pre-test. Conclusions. Significant differences (p ˂ 0.05, ˂ 0.01) indicated the transformative effects in the experimental group's (n = 15) posture. This emphasizes the potential of the 8-week intervention program in promoting musculoskeletal health of music students. Therefore, additional research is necessary to investigate the lasting resilience (sustainability) of advantages and enhance the intervention plan in music education.
Harmonizing nature and tech: exploring the fusion of mobile technology in outdoor adventure
(Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 2024) Baisová, Karin; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Ľuptáková, Jana
Mobile technology (tablets, smartphones) may provide students with access to educational resources (maps, navigation tools), enriching the outdoor adventure experience and facilitating the learning; therefore, the present study was aimed at exploring the fusion of mobile technology in outdoor adventure (in students). Instrument of survey (3 questions) was carried out 2 months (Jan. - Feb., 2024), through the sampling (purposive) of 1 624 (100%) students: (i) Male (846, 52.10 %); (ii) Female (778, 47.90%). Descriptive (percentage - %, arithmetic mean - x̄ ) and inferential (chi-square test - x2) statistics was used to evaluate the data. 62. 80% (1020) of students use mobile technology in outdoor adventure; in contrast to 30.48% (495) (not using) (p ˃ .05). 36.82% (598) of students use additional devices of mobile technology (mobile apps) in outdoor adventure (p ˂ .01). 8.78 % (142) of students (only) are aware of apps, aimed at discovering the natural attractions (p ˃ .05). Exploring the fusion of mobile technology (apps) in outdoor adventure is students may promote the learning (experiential), engagement and environmental awareness, making it an important aspect of educational and/or outdoor recreation programs.
Honotenie kvality spánku študentov akadémie policajného zboru
(Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Kozaňáková, Anna; Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal
Spánok je najprirodzenejším zdrojom obnovy a regenerácie fyzických aj psychických síl. V spánku strávime asi tretinu svojho života, čo predstavuje približne 25 rokov. Z týchto a mnohých ďalších dôvodov nie je nutné pripomínať, aký význam má spánok pre každú vekovú kategóriu. Cieľom nami realizovanej štúdie bolo analyzovať a zhodnotiť kvalitu spánku u vysokoškolských študentov Akadémie PZ v Bratislave. Výskumný súbor tvorilo celkom 395 respondentov (190 mužov a 205 žien) - študentov vysokoškolského kombinovaného štúdia. Na zber dát sme použili dotazník Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Výsledky sme analyzovali so zameraním na intersexuálne rozdiely, kvantifikovali ich pomocou percent i štatistickou analýzou pomocou χ2 testu na hladine p < 0,01 a p < 0,05. Subjektívna kvalita spánku u vysokoškolských študentov je hodnotená pomerne kladne a vykazuje pozitívny vzťah k zvládaniu každodenných aktivít. Z našich zistení vyplýva, že priemerná dĺžka spánku je u žien 6:23 hod. a u mužov 6:41 hod. Signifikantné rozdiely boli zistené v priemernom čase vstávania (p<0,01). Dobrú kvalitu spánku vykazuje 45,85% žien a 53,68% mužov, pričom závažné poruchy spánku boli zistené u 9,76% žien a 5,26% mužov.
Motivačné faktory a bariéry účasti na pohybových aktivitách so zameraním na športové hry u študentov Akadémie umení v Banskej Bystrici
(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2025) Marko, Michal; Azor, Stanislav; Adamčák, Štefan
Background: Students of artistic disciplines exhibit a unique study style that involves prolonged concentration on creative activities and individual projects. This nature of study influences their physical activity habits and opportunities for engaging in sports. Physical activity serves not only as a means to maintain physical fitness but also as an effective tool for psychological regeneration and enhancing creativity, which is particularly relevant for this group of students. Playful sports and movement activities offer an ideal opportunity to relieve mental tension, support social interactions, and develop teamwork skills, thereby naturally complementing the demanding artistic studies. Objectives: This study analyzes the motivational factors and barriers to participation in physical activities, particularly sports games, among students of the Academy of Arts in Banská Bystrica. It also identifies gender differences in preferences and obstacles. Methodology: The research was conducted during the winter semester of 2024/2025 using an anonymous online questionnaire. The sample consisted of 143 students (69 males, 74 females) with an average age of 21.9 years for males and 22.7 years for females. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and the chi-square test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The physical activities of students predominantly have a recreational character, a trend observed in 66.4% of males and 66.2% of females. The most frequent daily step count ranged between 6,000 and 10,000 steps, reported by 55.1% of male and 59.5% of female respondents. The dominant motivational factor for engaging in physical activities involving sports games was health improvement, declared by 28.9% of males and 32.4% of females. The most significant limitation for such activities was a lack of free time, identified by 53.6% of males and 52.7% of females. The chi-square test analysis did not reveal statistically significant gender differences among the observed variables (p > 0.05). Conclusions and Recommendations: Physical activity among students of artistic disciplines is predominantly recreational, with time constraints being the primary barrier to engaging in playful physical activities such as sports games. We recommend introducing flexible sports activities directly within the university environment, such as movement workshops or recreational sports games, many of which are both time- and cost-effective while also providing effective psychological relaxation and supporting recovery after demanding academic obligations.
Physical activity analysis and comparison of female students in urban and rural secondary schools in Slovakia
(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego : Szczecin, 2025) Bujdoš, Gabriel; Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal
Our study aimed to assess and compare the physical activity levels of female students in urban and rural secondary schools in Slovakia, given the well-established health benefits of regular physical activity and the recognized risks of a sedentary lifestyle. Using a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire delivered online via Google Forms, we gathered data from 1271 female students, averaging 17.34 years old, attending the final year of grammar and secondary vocational schools in specific Slovak regions. After categorizing participants based on their residence, statistical analyses, including two-sample t-tests and chi-square tests, were employed with a significance level set at p < 0.01 or p < 0.05. Unexpectedly, participants residing in towns with over 30,000 inhabitants exhibited the highest levels of physical activity, yet they also spent the most time sitting during the week (354.69 minutes on average). Statistical significance was found in only two instances at the p < 0.05 level: walking physical activity between the first and second group and vigorous physical activity between the second and third group. These findings shed light on the nuanced relationship between residence and physical activity levels among female students in Slovakia.
Physical activity-sleep quality relationships: Insights from Slovak adolescents by age and gender
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2026) Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal; Kľocová Adamčáková, Zora
This study aims to provide insights into how physical activity is associated with sleep patterns in youth populations, in particular, Slovak adolescents, and how gender (boys vs. girls) and age (≤16 vs. ≥18) moderate this relationship, using an extreme-group comparison approach that excludes 17-year-olds to enhance contrast between developmental stages. Using a cross-sectional design, self-reported data were collected from 2504 (100%) high school students (aged 15–19; 45.6% boys, 54.4% girls) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants aged 17 years were excluded from age-stratified analysis to create clearer separation between early/mid and late adolescence. The primary outcome was global sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Secondary outcomes included sleep duration and PSQI component scores. All other analyses (age- and gender-stratified comparisons and interaction models) were predefined as exploratory and hypothesis-generating to examine potential effect modification. Age-stratified analyses among girls showed that, within the low PA group, good sleep was reported by 37.7% of younger girls (≤16) and 28.6% of older girls (≥18). Among older girls, the proportion reporting good sleep increased to 49.8% in the high PA group (χ2 = 29.16, p < 0.001). No consistent associations between PA and sleep quality were observed among boys; however, significant association was identified among younger boys (≤16 years), which was not observed in older boys. Logistic regression revealed a modest interaction between age and PA level in predicting sleep quality among girls (β = 0.346, p = 0.049), suggesting small age-dependent variation in the association. This effect should be interpreted cautiously given its borderline statistical significance. Component-level PSQI analyses showed that girls experienced higher rates of sleep disturbances (χ2 = 91.40, p < 0.001), longer sleep latency (χ2 = 26.71, p < 0.001), and greater daytime dysfunction (χ2 = 79.90, p < 0.001). These findings provide region-specific evidence from Central and Eastern Europe and underscore the need for age- and gender-sensitive public health strategies targeting both physical activity promotion and better sleep outcomes, given their observed associations.
Poruchy pohyblivosti chrbtice u študentov múzických umení v závislosti od indexu BMI
(Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, 2024) Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan; Slováková, Michaela
Štúdia analyzuje vzťah medzi pohyblivosťou chrbtice a indexom telesnej hmotnosti (BMI) u študentov Fakulty múzických umení na AU v Banskej Bystrici, so zameraním na optimálny rozsah BMI (18,5 – 24,99) a študentov mimo tento rozsah. Pohyblivosť chrbtice zohráva zásadnú úlohu v udržiavaní zdravia a funkčnosti pohybového aparátu, najmä u osôb so sedavým životným štýlom, vrátane študentov. Študenti múzických umení sú vystavení zvýšenému riziku rozvoja porúch pohyblivosti chrbtice v dôsledku času stráveného v statických polohách pri cvičení alebo štúdiu. Podváha aj nadváha môžu nepriaznivo ovplyvniť flexibilitu chrbtice. Do výskumu bolo zahrnutých 104 študentov, ktorí boli rozdelení do dvoch skupín podľa BMI: optimálna hmotnosť (optimálny rozsah BMI – 18,5 až 24,99) (n=64) a podváha a nadváha, t. j. mimo optimálny rozsah BMI (n=39). Pohyblivosť chrbtice bola hodnotená pomocou štandardných testov: Schoberov, Stiborov, Ottov a Thomayerov test, ako aj laterálna flexia vľavo a vpravo. Údaje boli analyzované prostredníctvom deskriptívnej štatistiky a chí- kvadrát testu na hladine významnosti p < 0,01 resp. 0,05. Znížená pohyblivosť chrbtice bola zaznamenaná v oboch sledovaných skupinách bez štatisticky významných rozdielov vo flexibilite, avšak s vysokou prevalenciou výskytu – väčšou ako 60 %. Študenti mimo optimálneho rozsahu BMI však vykazovali mierne vyšší stupeň zníženej pohyblivosti v Schoberovom a Thomayerovom teste, ako aj pri laterálnej flexii vľavo a vpravo. Vysoká prevalencia obmedzenej pohyblivosti chrbtice u študentov múzických umení poukazuje na nevyhnutnosť implementácie intervencií zameraných na zlepšenie flexibility a posilnenie svalov podporujúcich chrbticu. Tieto intervencie môžu výrazne prispieť k zníženiu rizika vzniku muskuloskeletálnych porúch a k optimalizácii celkovej fyzickej kondície študentov.
Postural alignment of performing arst students in relation to BMI
(Universum : Prešov, 2025) Bujdoš, Gabriel; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan
Proper posture plays a crucial role in the lives of students in music and other artistic disciplines, as their activities often lead to static and asymmetrical postural positions, potentially contributing to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to analyse posture and its individual segments in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) among female students of performing arts. The research sample consisted of 107 female students from the Faculty of Performing Arts, divided into two groups based on BMI: students with optimal weight (BMI 18.5–24.99) and underweight students (BMI < 18.5). Posture was assessed using the methodology of Klein and Thomas, modified by Mayer. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and Spearman's correlation. Statistically significant differences were found between BMI categories in abdominal and pelvic posture (p < 0.05) and overall posture (p < 0.05). Evaluation of spinal curvature revealed that underweight students more frequently exhibited pronounced or flattened curvature (66.67%) compared to students with optimal weight (60.81%). No statistically significant association with BMI was observed in other body parameters such as head posture, chest posture, and shoulder position (p > 0.05). Underweight students achieved a higher proportion of good to nearly perfect posture (57.58%) compared to students with optimal weight (33.78%). The findings highlight the necessity for an individualized approach to students based on their BMI and the implementation of targeted physical interventions to improve postural habits. Regular monitoring and educational activities can enhance the health and well-being of students in artistic disciplines, thereby promoting the achievement of optimal postural balance.
Realizácia pohybových aktivít v prírodnom prostredí z pohľadu študentov Akadémie policajného zboru
(Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, 2024) Kozaňáková, Anna; Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal; Azor, Stanislav
Štúdia analyzovala frekvenciu, trvanie a preferované prostredie pohybových aktivít (PA) v prírodnom prostredí, pričom zároveň identifikovala motivačné faktory a bariéry ovplyvňujúce účasť študentov na týchto aktivitách. Pohybové aktivity realizované v prírodnom prostredí prinášajú významné zdravotné a psycho-sociálne benefity, ako je zlepšenie fyzickej kondície, odbúranie stresu a podpora mentálneho zdravia. U mladých ľudí, vrátane študentov, tieto aktivity zohrávajú kľúčovú úlohu pri budovaní zdravého životného štýlu. Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 181 študentov (101 žien a 80 mužov) bakalárskeho a magisterského štúdia. Prieskum prebiehal formou elektronického dotazníka, ktorý zhromažďoval údaje o frekvencii aktivít, preferenciách prostredí a dôvodoch pre PA. Štatistická analýza zahŕňala chí-kvadrát test, Spearmanovu koreláciu a segmentáciu. Muži preukázali výraznú preferenciu pre fyzicky náročnejšie prostredia, ako sú lesné chodníky a hory (51,25 %), zatiaľ čo ženy preferovali otvorené a menej náročné terény, konkrétne polia a lúky (20,79 %) a mestské parky a rekreačné zóny (22,50 %). Rozdiely v preferenciách medzi pohlaviami boli štatisticky významné (p<0,05). Vo všetkých analyzovaných segmentoch bol dominantným motivačným faktorom pre realizáciu pohybových aktivít relax a odbúranie stresu. Hlavnou prekážkou pre účasť na PA bol nedostatok času, pričom túto bariéru uviedlo 64,36 % žien a 63,75 % mužov. Frekvencia a intenzita pohybových aktivít sú ovplyvnené preferenciami prostredia a rodovými rozdielmi. Zvýšenie dostupnosti a vybavenosti prírodných športových plôch by mohlo zlepšiť mieru účasti na pohybových aktivitách, najmä u žien.
Recreational use of land: unveiling the modern frontier of outdoor adventure - geocaching
(Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 2024) Azor, Stanislav; Marko, Michal; Adamčák, Štefan
Educators play an important role (crucial) in introducing students to new outdoor adventure – Geocaching; however, educators (many) may not be aware of new outdoor adventure and/or lack the training (resource) to incorporate Geocaching into education. Because of that students miss the chance (may) to discover the modern frontier of outdoor adventure; therefore, the present study was aimed at exploring the awareness and level of involvement of students in modern frontier of outdoor adventure – Geocaching. 4-question survey (instrument) was carried out 4 months, as means of exploring the awareness and level of involvement of 1464 students in modern frontier of outdoor adventure – Geocaching. 32.04% of students know Geocaching (p ˂ .01; n = 470) and 400 (27.32%) of students are familiar with Geocaching (p ˂ .01). 56.90% of students do not know anyone who uses the app (p ˂ .01; n = 832). In terms of lack of awareness and exposure to Geocaching in students, initiatives (efforts) should be undertaken to promote it as available and exciting outdoor adventure. By unveiling the modern frontier of outdoor adventure – Geocaching, students may discover new ways of learning, exploring, and outdoor fun.
Rozdiely v kvalite spánku medzi adolescentmi v regióne Banská Bystrica
(Verbum - vydavateľstvo KU : Ružomberok, 2024) Adamčák, Štefan; Kľocová Adamčáková, Zora; Marko, Michal; Bartik, Pavol
Cieľ/ Objective: To identify the sleep quality of sixteen-year-old adolescents in the Banská Bystrica region, with a focus on gender differences. Materiál a metódy/ Materials and Methods: The study focused on gender differences in adolescent sleep quality. The sample consisted of 447 students from secondary vocational schools and gymnasiums in the Banská Bystrica region. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Data were collected electronically using Google Forms from april to June 2023. Gender differences were analyzed using percentage and statistical methods, specifically the χ² test, at significance levels of p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. Výsledky/ Results: Significant gender differences (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) were observed in sleep onset, wake-up times, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and medication use. No significant differences were found in sleep duration, concentration impairment, alertness, or overall sleep activity scores. More than 50% of adolescents exhibited sleep disturbances. Závery/ Conclusions: Interventions by schools, families, and the media should encourage adolescents to establish healthy sleep habits. The key objectives are to optimize sleep onset times and duration, create a sleep-supportive environment, and promote daytime physical activity.
Short- and long-term effects of musculoskeletal health education: evidence from the performing arts students
(Frontiers Media S.A. : Lausanne, 2025) Adamčák, Štefan; Marko, Michal; Bartik, Pavol; Kľocová Adamčáková, Zora
Background: Performing arts students (i.e., musicians), face elevated risks of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders due to prolonged exposure to static postures, repetitive movements, and lack of ergonomic education. While the benefits of musculoskeletal health education are established in sports, its application and long-term effects in performing arts education remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate both short- and long-term effects of musculoskeletal health education on dynamic spine function among female music students. Methods: Forty-four female music students from the Academy of Arts in Banská Bystrica participated in a non-randomized controlled study. Participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 28), which received 8-week musculoskeletal health education (2x/week/45 min), and a control group (n = 16), which received no intervention. The education included theoretical and practical components focused on postural awareness and dynamic spine function. Spine mobility was assessed using standardized methods common in medical and physical therapy practice at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests, with significance set at p < .05. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in all dynamic spine function tests post-intervention (e.g., Schober's: from 2.71 ± .81 cm to 5.60 ± .68 cm, p < .05) with partial retention at follow-up (4.03 ± .79 cm). Significant gains were also observed in Thomayer's test (from −7.46 ± 4.66 cm to −.78 ± 1.39 cm), indicating enhanced spine mobility. In contrast, the control group demonstrated significant declines across all parameters over time. Intergroup comparisons post-intervention and at follow-up revealed significantly better outcomes in the experimental group across all measures (p < .05), confirming the effectiveness of education. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal health education program led to significant short- and long-term effects on dynamic spine function in female music students. The results underscore the importance of integrating such programs into performing arts curricula to prevent musculoskeletal decline and promote health literacy. This study provides compelling evidence that musculoskeletal education, when embedded into arts training, is both a preventive and rehabilitative tool essential for sustaining the physical well-being of performing arts students.

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