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Harmonizing EU health legislation for New Genomic Techniques
(Bogota : Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2024) Zajác Ševcová, Katarína
This article examines the regulation and application of New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) and genetic testing within the European Union (EU). It scrutinises the detailed aspects of EU data protection laws, underscoring their significance in safeguarding patient privacy and facilitating data sharing in healthcare and research sectors. The paper delves into the ethical dimensions and technological advances in genetic engineering, specifically focusing on gene editing and direct-to-consumer genetic testing, illuminating the complex interplay between technology, ethics, and legal frameworks. The analysis extends to the diverse regulatory environments at both national and EU levels, highlighting the urgent need for legislative updates in response to the rapid advancements in genomic technologies. This necessity accentuates the ongoing challenge of balancing fostering innovation and adhering to ethical and legal standards. Moreover, the article addresses the efforts to harmonise genetic testing regulations across European nations, considering the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. The discourse presented in the article underscores the complexity and critical importance of formulating policies that safeguard public interests and propel scientific advancements in this swiftly evolving domain. The EU should enhance the regulation and standardisation of NGTs in the field of human health and medicine by updating legislation, implementing risk assessment and safety protocols, establishing ethical guidelines, involving various stakeholders, adhering to global standards, promoting public education, and integrating NGTs into healthcare systems, ultimately aiming to promote safe and ethical NGTs development and advance public health objectives.
Securing obligations through the institute of contractual penalties
(Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce : HACCP Consulting, 2024) Lukáčová, Zuzana
This paper examines the intricacies of legal processes related to the execution of promissory note rights, encompassing acts such as acceptance, transfer, guarantee, protest, payment, redemption, enforcement, and limitations concerning promissory notes. A comprehensive understanding of these procedures supports the effective application of this structured, abstract legal tool, which holds significant value in contemporary legal practice. Promissory notes, as unique financial instruments, are governed by specific legal frameworks which contribute to their precision and robustness, ensuring that they continue to serve as a reliable means for securing financial obligations. This study delves into the theoretical underpinnings and the practical implications of promissory note regulations, tracing their historical evolution and examining current applications in various legal systems. Furthermore, the analysis addresses the interaction between promissory note law and related securities laws, providing insights into how these frameworks support enforceable financial commitments. By detailing the rights and responsibilities inherent to promissory note transactions, the paper highlights the enduring relevance of this legal tool in the assurance of contractual obligations. Through this exploration, the paper aims to underscore the importance of a nuanced understanding of promissory notes relating to economic stability and legal certainty within domestic and international financial operations.
Elektronický monitoring v trestním řízení
(Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2024) Kořínek, Štěpán
Elektronické sledování osob stále představuje v oblasti trestního práva v podmínkách České republiky, ale i třeba Slovenské republiky, novum. Elektronický monitoring alias elektronická kontrola představuje procesní institut, který umožňuje sledovat pohyb, nikoliv však výlučně, obviněné či odsouzené osoby. V našich právních podmínkách se však jedná o komplementární surogát/substitut, který umožňuje nahradit klasické mechanismy a opatření jako například vazbu či výkon trestu domácího vězení. Podstatným zůstává, že se v ČR nejedná o samostatně stojící právní nástroj, ale vždy musí mít nějakou vazbu na jiné trestněprávní opatření či sankci. Příspěvek je rozdělen do dvou částí. První část je orientována na právní východiska využití e-monitoringu v trestních věcech, a to i včetně poukázání na mnohá úskalí a nedokonalosti. Druhá část se věnuje technickým a provozním podmínkám využití e-monitoringu z praktického hlediska. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je přiblížit a sumarizovat východiska e-monitoringu, především v ČR, s poukázáním na jeho bližší komplikace a zamyšlením se nad jejích řešením.
Evropský zatýkací rozkaz - minulost, přítomnost a budoucnost
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Kořínek, Štěpán
Evropský zatýkací rozkaz - minulost, přítomnost a budoucnost. V rámci představeného příspěvku se budeme zaobírat evropským zatýkacím rozkazem jako trestněprávním nástrojem, který je založen na presumpci vzájemné důvěry mezi členskými státy, jež stojí jako klíčové východisko zásady vzájemného uznávání. Z retrospektivního hlediska bude ukázáno, že EZR prošel postupem času několika turbulentními vlnami. Jedna z klíčových otázek se bude týkat situace, jestli je možné ignorovat EZR z důvodu rizika nerespektování základních práv a svobod jednotlivců. Pro futuro se bude vhodné zamyslet nad (ne)potřebou a (ne)zbytností modernizace mechanismu EZR, a to nejen z formálního hlediska přechodu z rámcového nařízení na směrnici, ale i materiální tak, aby více odpovídal požadavkům současné ochrany základních lidských práv a svobod. Příspěvek je rozdělen do dvou kapitol, kterým předchází úvodní pojednání a uzavírá resumé. První kapitola pojednává o EZR z pohledu retrospekce, přes současný stav až k budoucímu vývoji. Druhá kapitola se zabývá polemikou nad potřebou a nezbytností reformace EZR. Příspěvek má za cíl poukázat na turbulentní vývoj EZR s hledáním odpovědi, jestli je zapotřebí reformace či modernizace EZR.
The use of intelligence in criminal proceedings in the conditions of the Slovak Republic
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego : Rzeszów, 2024) Matis, Jakub
The presented article deals with the activities of intelligence services, the concept of their functioning in the present in comparison with the past functioning. The object of the examination will be the legality of the use of intelligence information as evidence in criminal proceedings in the Slovak Republic. The core part of the article focuses on the applicability of intelligence information in the context of evidence in criminal proceedings. As these are institutes that go beyond the limits of the Slovak Criminal Procedure Code, special legal regulations will also be analysed in connection with intelligence activities, in particular Act No. 46/1993 Coll. on the Slovak Information Service and Act No. 198/1994 Coll. on Military Intelligence. Last but not least, the aim of the article will be to analyse the use use of information-technical means within the legal limits. In order to achieve the set objectives, we use the method of analysis of the current legislation. In the conclusion of the paper, we evaluate the findings and take our positions and on the application of the analyzed institute.
Favorable interest rate on a loan - social assistance or a means of obtaining uncontrolled income?
(Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2024) Dolíhalová, Miroslava; Úradník, Michal
A market-oriented economy and dynamic changes in the needs of society are often associated with the use of loans and credits. Monitoring the growth of indebtedness of natural persons and legal entities is important from the point of view of the stability of the financial market. From the point of view of the fiscal interests of the state, loans can be perceived precisely in the context of interest and their assessment as taxable income. By not recognizing contractual interest as taxable income, the essence of a tax offense is fulfilled, the detection of which is relatively difficult to almost impossible. The above applies in particular to natural persons. Our research has shown that in the Slovak Republic there is no mechanism, for example between banks and the tax administrator, which would reveal the non lege artis actions of the taxpayer, which also damages the fiscal interests of the state.
Cybercrime in Slovakia in the context of European Union legislation
(Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego : Warszawa, 2024) Vaško, Adrián; Klátik, Jaroslav
A negative phenomenon in the form of cybercrime has become a society-wide problem addressed not only by national legislators, but also by the structures of the member states of the EU integration group, the member states of the interna-tional organization of European states of the Council of Europe, as well as the mem-ber states of the almost global United Nations. The authors decided work on this paper as in the event of cybercrime it is an extremely serious and actual topic both at the national and European and international level, which must be adequately addressed.
Spravodajské informácie - relevantné dôkazy v trestnom konaní
(Policejní akademie České republiky : Praha, 2024) Vaško, Adrián; Čuha, Róbert
Nakoľko nemožno vždy spoľahlivo zistiť skutkový dej trestného činu a jeho páchateľa, je nutné pristúpiť k využitiu iných špecifických dôkazov – k spravodajským informáciám. Uplatnenie spravodajských informácií ako dôkazu v trestnom konaní je pomerne málo preskúmaná a zároveň kontroverzná téma s ohľadom na súčasnú politickú realitu. Pokúšame sa načrtnúť náš parciálny pohľad na ich uplatnenie v trestnom konaní.
A few remarks on professional and expert activities in criminal proceedings
(Užgorodskij nacionaľnij universitet : Užhorod, 2024) Matis, Jakub
In criminal proceedings, the establishment of facts beyond reasonable doubt is a cornerstone principle, ensuring that criminal offenses are accurately identified and perpetrators are justly punished while respecting the rights of all parties involved. The proof process is vital, with evidence playing an essential role in determining the outcomes of various procedural stages. Among the types of evidence, expert evidence has become increasingly significant, especially with advances in science and technology broadening the scope of issues requiring specialized knowledge. This paper aims to analyze the roles and impacts of professional and expert activities in criminal procedures. It seeks to highlight the distinctions between expert reports and professional statements, illustrating their respective legal standings and importance in the context of Slovak law. By examining the regulatory framework, specifically Act No. 382/2004 Coll. on experts, interpreters, and translators, and the Criminal Procedure Code (Act No. 301/2005 Coll.), the paper delves into the conditions, rights, and obligations of experts. Additionally, it addresses the significance of expert consultants introduced by the Criminal Procedure Code, who provide advisory services without precluding the involvement of expert witnesses for comprehensive technical assessments. Expert reports, governed by stringent formalities, are pivotal in addressing complex technical issues within criminal cases. These reports must be produced by court-appointed experts and include detailed descriptions of the methods used and the conclusions drawn. Conversely, professional statements, considered documentary evidence, do not carry the same legal weight and lack the formalities required for expert reports. The Criminal Procedure Code also ensures that expert evidence is used appropriately by stipulating when and how expert opinions should be sought. This comprehensive approach ensures that all technical and scientific issues are thoroughly examined, contributing to the fair administration of justice. In conclusion, the integration of expert and professional activities in criminal proceedings enhances the accuracy and reliability of judicial decisions. By leveraging specialized knowledge, the legal system can better fulfill its mandate of delivering justice while upholding the principles of fairness and due process. This paper underscores the necessity of clear regulatory frameworks and the proper application of expert evidence to achieve these aims.
Slovakia's departure from strong labor protection of employees as a consequence of the pandemic and the transposition of European directives
(Technium Science : Constanta, 2024) Mészáros, Peter; Švec, Marek
This scientific paper delves into the notable shift in Slovak labor law, which has departed from its historically strong emphasis on safeguarding the rights of employees, traditionally seen as the weaker party in labor relations. Until recently, this emphasis served as a substantial barrier against the globalizing and standardizing influences of employers. The paper identifies two key factors driving recent legislative "reforms" in Slovakia's labor regulation. These changes are rooted in the transposition of European labor law directives while also embracing a more liberal political perspective regarding the nature of labor relations. This shift involves moving away from rigid employee protection and adopting the concept of "increased flexibility" in employee work as a remedy for addressing the post-Covid-19 economic challenges. The previous emphasis on employee or employee representative involvement in defining working conditions, wages, and important employer decisions regarding work organization has shifted. This shift allows employers to act unilaterally, contingent on fulfilling new information obligations towards employees. However, the recent labor law reforms run counter to this historical legal tradition. Taking into account the wage levels in the Slovak Republic compared to the majority of other European Union member states, these reforms establish an unsettling level of labor law protection pro futuro of Slovak employees.
Certain aspects of criminal evidence and digital evidence
(Užgorodskij nacionaľnij universitet : Užgorod, 2024) Matis, Jakub
The evolution of digital technology has revolutionized the landscape of criminal investigations and legal proceedings. This paper delves into the nuanced realm of evidence, with a particular focus on digital evidence, which has become increasingly prevalent in today’s digital age. The proliferation of digital information presents both opportunities and challenges for the field of criminal procedure. Recognizing the growing importance of electronic evidence in criminal investigations, the Commission has taken proactive measures to streamline the process of obtaining such evidence. New rules have been introduced to facilitate the acquisition of electronic evidence by judicial authorities. Among these rules are provisions for the creation of a European Evidence Production Order and a European Preservation Order specifically tailored for electronic evidence in criminal cases. Furthermore, providers of electronic services operating within the European Union are now required to appoint a legal representative, further enhancing the accessibility of electronic evidence for legal proceedings. Despite these advancements, the utilization of digital evidence raises complex legal questions and challenges. This paper critically examines the various implications associated with the use of digital evidence, shedding light on issues such as authenticity, admissibility, and the preservation of digital evidence. By analyzing these aspects in depth, the paper aims to provide insights into the multifaceted nature of digital evidence and its implications for criminal procedure.In addition to addressing legal complexities, the paper also seeks to establish a foundational understanding of digital evidence by providing basic definitions and classifications. By elucidating the diverse sources and forms of digital evidence, ranging from emails and transaction records to video recordings and metadata, the paper lays the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of this evolving field. In conclusion, this paper serves as a comprehensive exploration of the role of digital evidence in contemporary criminal investigations and legal proceedings.
Judicial and legal concentration of proceedings in the context of evidence-taking
(HACCP Consulting : Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce, 2024) Lajošová, Iveta
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of judicial and legal concentration of proceedings, particularly focusing on evidence taking. The principle of concentration of proceedings, which aims to optimize procedural steps, is central to this study. By ensuring that all relevant objections, evidence, and arguments are presented at a predetermined stage of the process—whether by statutory requirements or judicial discretion—the principle seeks to enhance procedural efficiency and fairness. The paper examines both statutory concentration, mandated by law, and judicial concentration, applied at the judge's discretion. The analysis explores how these mechanisms contribute to the procedural economy, prevent unnecessary delays, and motivate litigating parties to fulfill their procedural duties promptly. Furthermore, the paper discusses the historical development of concentration principles in Slovak law, the impact on procedural obligations, and the balance between procedural strictness and flexibility. The findings highlight the importance of concentration in achieving timely and effective judicial rulings while maintaining the legal guarantees of a fair trial.
An unlawfully obtained vs. unlawfully taken evidence in civil litigation
(HACCP Consulting : Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce, 2024) Lajošová, Iveta
The academic paper analyses some interpretation problems associated with assessing unlawful evidence. In current legal practice, one of the most significant and debated issues in court proceedings is handling the evidence obtained. This question is all the more complex when the court finds itself in a situation where it has to decide on the admissibility and relevance of the evidence obtained unlawfully. A pressing question then is: How should the court deal with evidence obtained in violation of the law? Is it possible for such evidence to be recognised as admissible and to influence the decision on the merits, or is it the court's duty to reject such evidence unreservedly?
Legality and admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings
(Užgorodskij nacionaľnij universitet : Užhorod, 2024) Matis, Jakub
The rapid expansion of information technology in recent decades has deeply influenced various societal domains, including the legal landscape. This impact is particularly notable in substantive criminal law, where new phenomena have emerged, and in criminal procedural law, where innovative tools have been introduced to facilitate the gathering of essential information for fair and efficient legal processes. Among these tools, modern recording technologies, encompassing visual, audio, or audiovisual formats, have gained prominence for their role in documenting events and serving as evidence in criminal proceedings. Governed by legal frameworks such as Article 10(21) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, these recordings are classified as information and technical means when meeting specified criteria, primarily serving as crucial evidence sources capturing sound, images, or their combination. However, challenges arise when parties involved in criminal proceedings independently procure such recordings, aiming to present them to law enforcement or the court discreetly and confidentially. This necessitates a clear differentiation between recordings obtained within the procedural framework, regulated by Article 114 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and those obtained externally. Establishing such distinctions is pivotal for upholding the integrity and legality of evidence presented in criminal proceedings, ensuring fairness and transparency in the pursuit of justice. In this paper we will analyze the concepts of inadmissibility and legality of evidence in the context of criminal proceedings. The aim is to highlight their interrelation and to distinguish their key aspects. The focus will be on the issue of private recordings as evidence. We will analyse the conditions under which a private recording can be used as evidence in criminal proceedings. We will take into account the relevant case law of the courts and the European Court of Human Rights. This paper comprehensively analyses the issue of admissibility and legality of evidence in criminal proceedings, with particular emphasis on private recordings as evidence. The paper should provide a comprehensive overview of the issue and help in solving practical questions that arise in this context.
Dual sanctioning of hate crimes and hate speech as part of extremism in the Slovak Republic: conceptual, legislative and practical issues
(Publishing House VD "Dakor" : Kyjev, 2024) Romža, Sergej; Ferenčíková, Simona; Klimek, Libor
Background: Extremism poses a cross-border social problem, lacking a universally accepted definition. In principle, so-called hate crimes are specific types of criminal offences that cut across all types of extremism. We can even talk about their conceptual overlap. A special category of hate crimes is represented by so-called verbal attacks, known as hate speech, which are considered an abuse of freedom of expression from an international perspective as well as in jurisprudence of the European Court on Human Rights. As a result of such a perception, their criminal sanction comes into consideration. In accordance with the principle of subsidiarity of criminal law repression, another method of sanctioning hate crimes and hate speech is also possible, namely by administrative law. The existence of “multiple legal regulations” on extremism as delict caused a dual sanctioning system of extremism. It leads to application problems in legal practice, for example, an unclear understanding of offences from criminal and administrative perspectives or even the weak possibility of investigating such acts by State power. The main objective of the contribution is to point out the dual legal regulation (criminal and administrative) of the sanctioning of extremism, in particular its special category – hate crimes and hate speech. Moreover, the objective of the contribution is to assess its unclear issues in legal understanding and to identify specific application problems caused by its dual system (criminal and administrative). Special attention is focused on applicable sanctions in both the criminal law area and administrative law areas. At the end, suggestions on how to solve indicated problems are introduced. RESEARCH ARTICLE Access to Justice in Eastern Europe ISSN 2663-0575 (Print) ISSN 2663-0583 (Online) Journal homepage http://ajee-journal.com Methods: The primary sources used for the elaboration of the contribution are scholarly sources (books, studies, scientific papers, etc.), legislative instruments (national and international legislation) and case law (of Slovak national courts and the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union). The authors use traditional methods of legal scientific (jurisprudential) research – general scientific methods and special methods of legal science (jurisprudence). The general scientific methods used in the paper are predominantly logical methods, namely, the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the method of analogy, and the descriptive method. The descriptive method has been used to familiarise the reader with the current legal regulation of extremism. The method of analysis has been used regarding relevant legal provisions and case-laws of courts. The method of synthesis has also been used. The special methods of legal science used here predominantly include methods belonging to a group of interpretative methods, namely, the teleological method, the systematic method and the comparative method. The teleological method has been used to explain the purpose of legislative instruments. The systematic method has been used to classify the relevant applicable law. The comparative method has been used to examine the relationship between legislative perspectives – criminal and administrative. Results and Conclusions: Regarding extremism offences committed in the Slovak Republic, in specific cases, the decision making whether the committed offence is criminal or of an administrative nature depends on the attitude of the person who committed it. In the Slovak Republic, legislative amendments are intended to address the area of extremism offences, but they have not been introduced as final. A new legal regulation of the administrative offences of extremism is envisaged in terms of their definition. A new sanctioning policy of extremism administrative offences by juvenile offenders is also expected. Moreover, the application of probation in case of offences committed by juvenile delinquents in the area of extremism is recommended and preferred. It would highlight the importance of restorative justice, including its strengthening. Probation would allow the court, when sanctioning extremism in the criminal law area, to create a so-called tailor-made sanction, which would strengthen the individualisation of the sanction, the educational purpose of the sanction and the achievement of both the purpose of the sanction and the purpose of the Criminal Code, which is to protect society from criminal offences and their perpetrators. Even the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic partially examined the modification of the elements of criminal offences of extremism.
The importance of taking evidence as part of the court proceedings
(HACCP Consulting : Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce, 2024) Gandžalová, Daniela
This paper delves into the critical role of evidence collection within the civil judicial process, underlining its significance as a fundamental cognitive task through which courts establish the factual and legal foundations of disputes. By dissecting the civil process's aim and purpose, the study emphasizes the necessity of gathering evidence as a cornerstone for rendering just and equitable decisions. It explores the intricate balance courts must maintain in exercising judicial discretion and strategy, focusing on the adjudication process's nuanced requirements for determining the relevance and admissibility of evidence. The distinction between contentious and non-contentious proceedings is examined to underscore the dynamic procedural responsibilities that parties face in proposing evidence, alongside the court's authority to direct further evidence collection. This analysis extends to the constitutional and procedural underpinnings that frame the principles of free evidence evaluation against the backdrop of ensuring a fair trial, highlighting the judiciary's critical role in upholding justice while navigating factual intricacies. Further, the paper investigates the ramifications of recent legal reforms in Slovakia for evidence collection practices, illustrating how procedural law modifications are geared towards augmenting the civil process's efficiency and fairness by recalibrating the judiciary and participatory roles. Additionally, the evolving jurisprudence on evidence is scrutinized, elucidating the paramount influence of supreme judicial decisions in setting guiding precedents for lower courts. These precedents, in turn, inform approaches to evidence collection, significantly impacting the landscape of civil litigation in Slovak Republic. Through this comprehensive exploration, the paper seeks to illuminate the essential functions and evolving dynamics of evidence collection in the civil judicial system, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its pivotal role in achieving judicial fairness and correctness.
Aktuálna judikatúra Súdneho dvora Európskej únie k právu byť prítomný na konaní pred súdom v trestnom konaní (Rozhodnutie vo veci C-569/20, trestné konanie proti IR)
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Bilasová, Bianka
V prípade nejasností o súlade vnútroštátneho práva s právom EÚ, môžu členské štáty počas vnútroštátneho súdneho konania požiadať Súdny dvor EÚ o interpretáciu príslušných ustanovení práva EÚ prostredníctvom prejudiciálneho konania. Kľúčovú úlohu v zabezpečení konzistentnej aplikácie práva EÚ v členských štátoch zohráva práve Súdny dvor. Tento príspevok sa primárne sústredí na výzvy spojené s aplikáciou smernice 2016/343 z 9. marca 2016, ktorá bola prijatá Európskym parlamentom a Radou s cieľom posilniť procesné postavenie osôb podozrivých a obvinených v trestnom konaní. Článok je štruktúrovaný do troch hlavných častí: prvá časť sa zaoberá predstavením sporu vo veci samej a otázok, ktoré boli predložené Súdnemu dvoru Európskej únie. Druhá časť pokračuje analýzou relevantnej judikatúry, smerníc EÚ a procesných záruk, zatiaľ čo tretia časť končí vyhodnotením a interpretáciou rozhodnutia Súdneho dvora.
Materiálne aspekty osobitného príspevku podľa zákona o dohľade nad finančným trhom ako sankcie
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Úradník, Michal
Národná banka Slovenska vykonáva dohľad nad finančným trhom. Osobitne zabezpečuje ochranu finančného spotrebiteľa. Jedným zo spôsobov ochrany je aj ukladanie sankcii za protiprávne konanie. V zmysle základných princípov ukladania trestov by sa tieto mali ukladať na základe a v medziach zákona. To ale neplatí absolútne, keďže osobitný príspevok podľa § 40a zákona o dohľade nad finančným trhom nie je v tomto zákone označený ako sankcia. Na podklade právnej komparácie a analýzy sú dedukciou akcentované vlastnosti osobitného príspevku ako sankcie nastupujúcej za contra legem konanie.
Legal and practical implications of digitizing the Slovakian cadastre: challenges and opportunities
(Publishing House VD "Dakor" : Kyjev, 2024) Barancová, Andrea; Saktorová, Ľubica
Background: Acquiring ownership rights to real estate in Slovakia is complex and frequently encounters hurdles. The formal procedures governing this process can be stringent, resulting in challenges when transferring ownership rights. This article critically evaluates the obstacles and potential advantages as the Slovakian Cadastre shifts towards a digital system. The authors also explore the scope of contractual freedom and governmental intervention in acquiring property rights alongside recent challenges encountered by the digitalized system under both Slovakian and European law. The study analyses the theoretical framework guiding decision-making by Slovak administrative authorities in cadastral proceedings, underscoring the critical role of formal legal procedures in ensuring legal certainty and stability. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of accurately registering changes to property rights within the digitalized real estate registration system to uphold the integrity and transparency of title records. Methods: The research follows a qualitative methodology, employing various qualitative methods, including historical description and analysis, in-depth document analysis, inductive method, comparative analysis, and case studies rooted in legal theory, administrative law and property law. It may utilise conceptual frameworks like legal certainty and stability to inform its examination. The methodology may not involve empirical data collection or statistical analysis but rather a critical examination of the existing legal framework and theoretical perspectives. Results and conclusions: Acquiring ownership rights to real estate in Slovakia is a complex process hindered by discrepancies between registered and actual property statuses, outdated maps and inaccuracies in parcel boundaries. The lack of clarity and precision significantly affects legal certainty and private property rights. In response, the Office of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre has proposed a comprehensive amendment to the Cadastral Act, aiming to update the classification of land, regulate electronic submissions, and simplify application processes. However, the proposed amendment may restrict public access to information contained in the Cadastre, which could negatively impact the exercise of property rights and the right to freely access information.
Nečinnosť správcu dane v kontexte otázky žaloby proti nečinnosti orgánu verejnej správy a ústavnej sťažnosti
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Ondrová, Júlia; Úradník, Michal
Otázka rýchlosti konania a rozhodovania orgánu verejnej moci je pre účastníka daného konania vždy dôležitá, a to platí aj pokiaľ ide o postup správcu dane. Na podklade komparácie budú predstavené vybrané inštitúty ako právne nástroje na odstránenie nečinnosti správcu dane. Jedným z nich je aj podanie sťažnosti pre nečinnosť príslušnému správcovi dane či rozhodnutie nadriadeného orgánu akým je Finančné riaditeľstvo Slovenskej republiky. Porovnanie sa bude týkať aj otázky prípustnosti podania ústavnej sťažnosti pre nečinnosť správcu dane, a to práve s ohľadom na inštitút žaloby proti nečinnosti orgánu verejnej správy podľa Správneho súdneho poriadku.

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