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Prierez vývojom testamentárneho práva uhorského rímsko-katolíckeho duchovenstva
(Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2026) Mičková, Zuzana
The right of disposition „mortis causa“ has been exercised by the Hungarian clergy at all levels since the Middle Ages, and writing a will is still recommended to the Catholic clergy today. The development of this right in Hungary was influenced by several historical and social factors. One factor that played a fundamental role in all spheres of this power conflict was the right of patronage from the Middle Ages onwards. One of the consequences of the complicated relationship between the patron and the church was the constant effort to stabilize or codify the testamentary law of clergy, based on the interests of patrons or the monarch as representative of the state on the one hand, and the interests of the church (later Roman Catholic) or representatives of the church on the other. Other factors influencing the development of this institution were no less important, such as the enforcement of the estate principle in the basic structure of the clergy, or political and religious conflicts, such as the Ottoman threat and recatholization with all its consequences. In this contribution, we mention the development of testamentary law for the clergy from the Middle Ages to o the early 20th century, but the core of our contribution is the situation in testamentary law for clergy in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is precisely during this period that a fundamental turning point can be observed in the establishment of rules governing the freedom of testamentary disposition of clergy at all levels.
Does the Slovak Republic meet the EU minimum rules for sanctions enforcement under Directive 2024/1226 on criminal offences and penalties for the violation of restrictive measures?
(Publishing House 'Academic Insights Press' : Unterach am Attersee, 2026) Ivor, Jaroslav; Klátik, Jaroslav; Klimek, Libor
Background: Directive (EU) 2024/1226 introduces a new phase in the development of European Union criminal law by establishing minimum rules for the criminalisation of violations of EU restrictive measures. This shift reflects a broader move from predominantly administrative enforcement towards the use of criminal law as a central instrument for ensuring compliance with EU sanctions. The Slovak Republic, which previously relied mainly on fragmented administrative mechanisms, was required to introduce a coherent criminal law framework addressing sanctions-related conduct. This article examines whether the Slovak implementation satisfies the requirements of the Directive and how it interacts with the existing doctrinal structure of Slovak criminal law. Method: The article is based on doctrinal legal research methodology. It applies systematic interpretation and evaluation of primary legal sources, including Directive (EU) 2024/1226, its preparatory documents, the Slovak Criminal Code as amended by Act No. 157/2025 Coll., and Act No. 91/2016 Coll. on the criminal liability of legal persons. The analysis combines normative assessment with elements of comparative and evaluative reasoning, examining both formal compliance with EU law and the substantive coherence of the Slovak legislative response within the broader framework of national criminal law. Results and Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that Slovakia has achieved a high level of formal compliance by introducing a comprehensive set of sanctions-related criminal offences and by ensuring the availability of effective and dissuasive penalties for both natural and legal persons. At the same time, the implementation entails significant doctrinal innovations, most notably the introduction of serious negligence as a differentiated form of culpability limited to a specific offence. While these changes enhance the effectiveness of enforcement and align Slovak law with EU requirements, they also raise questions concerning the internal coherence and future development of national criminal law. Overall, the Slovak approach represents a conceptually integrated and largely successful transposition, combining compliance with EU obligations with a restrained adaptation of domestic doctrinal principles.
Strategic challenges of the EU succession regulation: same-sex marriages in light of C-713/23 and its implications for Slovak succession law
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2026) Saktorová, Ľubica; Barancová, Andrea
The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-713/23, Wojewoda Mazowiecki, constitutes a significant development in the Court’s case law concerning the recognition of personal status acquired in another Member State. While the decision has primarily been discussed in the context of civil registration and the free movement of Union citizens, its implications for cross-border succession have received little scholarly attention. This article examines the consequences of the judgment for the application of Regulation (EU) No. 650/2012 on succession, with particular emphasis on Slovak succession law, which neither recognises same-sex marriage nor registered partnerships. Using doctrinal legal analysis and a contextual interpretation of the Court’s jurisprudence, the article argues that the judgment should be understood through the concept of functional recognition. Although Member States remain competent to regulate marriage, they may be required to recognise the legal effects of a same-sex marriage lawfully concluded in another Member State where such recognition is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of EU law. The article demonstrates that this approach may influence the determination of heirs, the status of the surviving spouse, matrimonial property settlement, and the legal effects of the European Certificate of Succession. It concludes that Slovak authorities should apply a functional, case-by-case assessment that reconciles national constitutional identity with the effective protection of rights guaranteed by EU succession law, thereby contributing to the broader debate on the interaction between national family law and European private international law.
Spomienka na docenta Pavla Macka : in memoriam
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2026) Skaloš, Martin
POLLÁK, Adriana - GERGEL, Peter: Právne obyčaje dedenia maloroľníckych usadlostí na Slovensku na prahu modernizácie koncom 19. a v prvej polovici 20. storočia
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2026) Šošková, Ivana
Recenzia na: Právne obyčaje dedenia maloroľníckych usadlostí na Slovensku na prahu modernizácie koncom 19. a v prvej polovici 20. storočia / Adriana Pollák, Peter Gergel. Praha : Leges, 2025. ISBN 978-80-7502-808-2. Dostupné na: https://doi.org/10.24040/sap.2026.13.1.104-106
Výpoveď spolupracujúceho obvineného a legislatívne limity jej hodnotenia v trestnom konaní
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2026) Bejdová, Zuzana
Príspevok sa zaoberá problematikou hodnotenia výpovede spolupracujúceho obvineného v podmienkach zásady voľného hodnotenia dôkazov. Analyzuje normatívne východiská postavenia spolupracujúceho obvineného, význam benefitov poskytovaných za spoluprácu a ich vplyv na vytváranie skutkových záverov v trestnom konaní. Pozornosť venuje rozhodovacej činnosti všeobecných súdov a Ústavného súdu Slovenskej republiky vo vzťahu k požiadavkám na overovanie benefitovo motivovaných výpovedí. Príspevok zároveň reflektuje aktuálny legislatívny vývoj týkajúci sa požiadaviek pravdivosti a úplnosti výpovede spolupracujúcej osoby. Pri spracovaní témy sa využíva analytická metóda, metóda komparácie a metóda právnej interpretácie. Osobitná pozornosť sa sústreďuje na požiadavku metodickej disciplíny pri hodnotení dôkazov a na preskúmateľnosť skutkových záverov v trestnom konaní.
Právo na prístup k informáciám v kontexte ústavného a zákonného vymedzenia
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2026) Ondrová, Júlia; Štorcel, Juraj
Predkladaný vedecký príspevok sa zameriava na analýzu práva na prístup k informáciám ako jedného zo základných nástrojov transparentného a demokratického fungovania verejnej moci. Predstavuje jeho ústavné a zákonné vymedzenie, opisuje základné aspekty, ktoré sú s právom na prístup k informáciám spojené. Pozornosť je venovaná aj základným východiskám, v rámci ktorým dochádza k obmedzeniam prístupu k informáciám. Cieľom vedeckého príspevku je prispieť k rozšíreniu právnej spisby vo vzťahu k tomuto politickému právu, a to najmä s odkazom na to, ako v súčasnosti na toto právo nazerá najmä judikatúra súdov.
Application of EU member states’ decisions on succession rights to immovable property in the Slovak Republic
(De Gruyter Poland : Warsaw, 2026) Barancová, Andrea
The article examines notarial activity in succession proceedings involving immovable property after the application of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. Its aim is to assess how decisions issued in other EU Member States concerning succession rights to immovable property are applied in the Slovak Republic and whether the Regulation has fulfilled its purpose in this area. The paper combines doctrinal legal research with practice-based analysis, drawing on the author’s more than fifteen years of professional experience as a notary and on an academic examination of relevant Slovak legislation, EU law, case law, and selected comparative solutions since 2015. The analysis identifies practical and legal difficulties related in recognising foreign succession decisions and registering rights in public registers. It concludes that, despite the Regulation’s unifying purpose, significant uncertainties remain and further clarification is needed at both EU and national levels.
Law of succession: National, comparative and international aspects. Ukrainian and English-language scientific and practical edition
(Kyjivskyj universytet prava Nacionaľnoji akademiji nauk Ukrajiny, 2025) Saktorová, Ľubica
Recenzia na: Law of succession: National, comparative and international aspects : Ukrainian and English-language scientific and practical edition / ed. S. Ya. Fursa. 1. vyd. Kyjev : Alerta, 2025. ISBN 978-617-566-918-1. Dostupné na: https://doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2025.24
The right to interpretation and translation as a procedural safeguard of the right to a fair trial in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and the CJEU
(Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas : Kaunas, 2025) Bilasová, Bianka; Lacyková, Kristína; Bejdová, Zuzana
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the right to a fair trial with a particular focus on the right to interpretation and translation as a fundamental procedural safeguard. It examines the multi-layered protection of this right at the international, supranational, and national levels, highlighting the key legal frameworks, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Special attention is given to the procedural guarantees enshrined in Article 6(3)(e) ECHR and Directive 2010/64/EU, and to the obligations of public authorities and courts to ensure timely and effective interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings. The study explores the practical challenges in securing these rights, particularly in the context of pre-trial detention and the execution of custodial sentences in the Slovak Republic. It addresses the legal distinction between formal procedural rights and the linguistic rights of foreign nationals in detention settings, and examines the role of ombudsman institutions in monitoring compliance. The article also reflects de lege ferenda on possible legislative and practical measures, such as the use of English as an auxiliary language upon admission to detention and the deployment of electronic translation tools, aimed at improving the protection of fair trial rights in an increasingly multilingual and diverse society. The research applies a combination of doctrinal legal analysis, comparative method, and case-law study, complemented by analytical and synthetic approaches to evaluate existing legal frameworks, identify shortcomings in practice, and formulate recommendations for reform.
Akrasia a právo
(Nugis Finem Publishing : Olomouc, 2025) Klečková, Miroslava
Akrasia is a philosophical concept used in relation to human actions manifesting insufficient self-control or actions that contradict the rational judgment of their originator (performer), while the decision leading to such actions is conscious and not conditioned by any form of coercion. Therefore, it is evident that akrasia is an essential factor in the discussion of human rationality and, at the same time, serves as a stimulus for reflection on the determinants that lead to actions contrary to our judgment. Manifestations of akratic behaviour can be identified in individuals with dissocial personality disorder. Since this personality disorder is a crucial factor in antisocial behaviour, akrasia can also be perceived as an interesting topic in the field of law. Finally, the paper focuses on the theoretical considerations of Stephen J. Morse regarding how recent neuroscientific discoveries relevant to understanding the problem of akrasia might be reflected in law and what the consequences may be.
Local self-governance protection within the scope of the communal constitution complaint context
(Užgorodskij nacionaľnij universitet : Užhorod, 2026) Ondrová, Júlia; Úradník, Michal
The organization and implementation of public activities on the levels of municipalities and parishes are of special importance for every citizen`s life. Local self-governance is very closely interconnected with civil society configuration, and besides that the local self-governing stands for the signified element and an integral part of the democratic civil society, and at the same time it is coherent with the lawful state awareness. Within the sense of the Local Self-Governance European Charter, the protection and strengthening of the local self-governing in the European countries represent a signified contribution directing towards the Europe based on the principles of democracy and the power decentralization. The local municipal bodies constitute one of the most important bases of every democratic system. According to Article 11 of the Local Self-Governance European Charter, the local self-governing bodies have the right to apply judicial remedy tools in order to safeguard the free and equal enforcement of their powers, and thus to achieve respect for the self-administration principles grounded by the intrastate legislation. The local self-governance signifies an integral part of the Slovak Republic constitutional system resulted from the processes of democratization and decentralization. Consequently, in this way the constitutional legal amendment regarding the local self-governing rights and activities are protected. In contradiction to the state infringements into the local self-governance accomplishment, enquiring about the constitutional and judicial protection is entirely legitimate and judicious. The contents of the presented scientific contribution aim at the institute of the local self-governing bodies complaint which is often denoted as the communal constitutional complaint as it is stated by the Article 127 of the Slovak Republic Constitution. The methodological procedure advances from the general descriptive sources and the legal amendment that is further based on the analysis and comparison. The special accent is put on the partial comparison of the constitutional communal complaint with the similar institute of complaints presented by the natural person or the legal entity as stated by Article 127 of the Constitution. The presented facts are added and completed by judicial judgements, and in this way the theoretical foundation exceeds the theory and finally outgrows into practical application practice.
Vplyv oddlženia fyzickej osoby na dedičské konanie
(Slovenská akadémia vied : Bratislava, 2026) Dzimko, Jakub; Barancová, Andrea; Ušiaková, Lenka
The discharge of debt of natural persons represents a contemporary phenomenon that, by its effects, significantly interferes with legal relations across almost all areas of law, including inheritance law. As a legal institution, the discharge of debt of natural persons also has a substantial impact on probate proceedings, particularly where the discharge concerns either the decedent or one of the heirs. The contribution analyzes the effects of debt discharge on the course of inheritance proceedings, considering both discharge through bankruptcy and discharge through a repayment schedule, with due regard to the legal framework outlined in the Bankruptcy and Restructuring Act and the Non-Contentious Civil Procedure Code. The authors employ a systematic and comparative analysis of legal provisions, as well as interpretative approaches developed in case law and legal doctrine. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between claims that are subject to discharge and those that are excluded from satisfaction. It claims to be unaffected by discharge, as well as the necessity of refining procedural coordination between insolvency and inheritance proceedings.
Zodpovednosť štátu a transparentnosť mimovládnych neziskových organizácií
(Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2026) Čellár, Miroslav
The article addresses the issue of transparency of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the context of the growing importance of civil society and current security challenges. It highlights the phenomenon of so-called proxy organizations, which may represent the interests of states, corporations, or other actors, while their links often remain hidden or deliberately disguised. The author analyzes contemporary forms of these organizations, including shell companies, front organizations, and astroturfing efforts, emphasizing the risks their activities pose to the integrity of democratic processes and state security. The focus is placed on the legislation adopted in the Slovak Republic in 2025, its objectives, shortcomings, and the response of both domestic and international stakeholders. The analysis takes into account the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the EU, as well as the recommendations of FATF and OECD, which emphasize the need for increased financial transparency of NGOs. The author provides a detailed description of the legislative process, proposed obligations, issues of proportionality, and interference with fundamental rights and freedoms. The conclusion points to persisting doubts regarding the adequacy of the adopted law, assuming that the final position on its compliance with constitutional and international law will be delivered by the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic.
Amendment to the information act in the Slovak Republic in the optics of legal certainty: Fee character?
(Ústav státu a práva AV ČR, v.v.i : Praha, 2026) Dolíhalová, Miroslava; Úradník, Michal
The article provides a legal analysis of the recent amendment to the Information Act, the adoption of which was preceded by a lengthy legislative process, including the use of the veto of the President of the Slovak Republic and considerable media coverage. The Information Act establishes the obligation for obliged persons to make information available on the basis of requests for information submitted by persons, or to publish certain information stipulated by law. With regard to the concept of the Information Act and the free access to information guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic under Article 26 of the Constitution, which includes the free dissemination of the information, we are of the opinion that the information can be made available. The analysed amendment to the Information Act created space for questioning the legal certainty of authorised entities and introduced doubts to the public about the violation of the guaranteed right, namely by conditioning the payment of insufficiently regulated payments for the disclosure of information. The authors of the article also point to the application practice of some elements of the amendment in the Information Act in the Czech Republic, which also served as a model for the legislator of the Slovak Republic.
Procedural protection of employees in individual employment disputes under Slovak civil procedure
(HACCP Consulting : Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce, 2026) Bjaloňová, Michaela
Individual employment disputes represent a specific category of civil litigation characterised by a structural imbalance between the employee and the employer. This imbalance, rooted in the nature of dependent work and the unequal distribution of economic, organisational, and informational power, significantly affects not only substantive labour law but also the procedural position of the parties in judicial proceedings. The article examines the theoretical foundations of individual employment disputes as conflict-driven legal relationships and analyses the procedural mechanisms introduced by the Slovak Civil Dispute Procedure Code to protect employees as the weaker party. Particular attention is devoted to the classification of these disputes as disputes involving protection of the weaker party, the expanded duty of the court to provide guidance, the inclination towards the investigative principle in evidence taking, the exclusion of procedural concentration in relation to the employee, and the prohibition of default judgments to the employee’s detriment. The article further evaluates the effectiveness of these procedural instruments in practice, with a focus on causal jurisdiction and access to justice. The analysis demonstrates that while the current procedural framework strengthens the formal and material protection of employees, it also raises concerns regarding the length of proceedings, judicial accessibility, and overall procedural efficiency. The article concludes that effective protection of employee rights requires not only enhanced procedural safeguards but also organisational and systemic adjustments within the judiciary to ensure accessible, timely, and professionally competent adjudication of employment disputes.
Implementing EU sanctions through criminal law: Serious negligence as a new form of culpability in the Slovak Republic
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2026) Klimek, Libor
The enforcement of European Union restrictive measures increasingly relies on criminal law at national level, particularly in response to serious and systematic violations that cannot be effectively addressed through administrative sanctions alone. Directive (EU) 2024/1226 requires Member States to ensure effective, proportionate, and dissuasive criminal penalties for breaches of EU sanctions, including, in defined cases, conduct committed with serious negligence. This article examines the introduction of serious negligence as a new statutory form of culpability in the Slovak Republic, adopted through Act No. 157/2025 Coll. as part of the transposition of Union law. The analysis is based on a doctrinal examination of Slovak criminal law, legislative materials, and relevant EU legal instruments, complemented by a comparative overview of selected Member States. The article demonstrates that the Slovak legislator introduced serious negligence (Slovak: hrubá nedbanlivosť) as a qualified form of negligence in a cautious and narrowly circumscribed manner, limiting its application to a specific offence relating to the breach of a restrictive measure. While this approach strengthens the effectiveness of EU sanction enforcement, it also raises interpretative and practical challenges, particularly in distinguishing serious negligence from ordinary negligence and indirect intent. The article concludes that the Slovak model reflects a balanced attempt to comply with Union obligations while preserving the internal coherence and fundamental principles of national criminal law, with its long-term impact depending on consistent judicial interpretation and restrained application in practice.
8. ročník medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie "Banskobystrické zámocké dni práva" organizovanej Právnickou fakultou Univerzity Mateja Bela pod záštitou dekana doc. JUDr. Adriána Vaška, PhD.
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Haluška, Filip
Četnický sbor v ozvěnách minulosti a větrech budoucnosti
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Kořínek, Štěpán
V letošním roce byl na Slovensku zaveden četnický sbor, který má představovat autonomní ozbrojený sbor plnící zákonné úkoly v mezích svěřených pravomocí. Četnictvo bude figurovat vedle Policajného zboru a Vojenské policie. Pojem četnictva nutně evokuje historické souvislosti vztahující se až do doby Československé republiky, kde četnický sbor sehrával klíčovou úlohu při potírání trestné činnosti a udržování veřejného pořádku. Z formálního hlediska se jedná o kvantitativní změnu bezpečnostně institucionálního aparátu Slovenské republiky, přičemž znovuzavedení četnického sboru je obhajováno jeho kvalitativní stránkou, kdy může silně přispět ke zvýšení bezpečnosti. Nehledě na skutečně přidanou hodnotu jeho reformovaného "oživení", která se projeví až postupem času, je třeba věnovat této reálii kýženou pozornost. Česká republika se naopak vydala jiným směrem, když došlo k rozšíření pravomocí Vojenské policie, namísto zavedení dalšího bezpečnostního sboru, což lze označit za prostou kvalitativní změnu. Tento příspěvek tak má za cíl představit novou právní úpravu zavádějící nový ozbrojený sbor v podmínkách Slovenské republiky, jakož i podnítit další odborné debaty a empirické výzkumy. Příspěvek je rozdělen do třech částí. První část přináší historický exkurz k četnictvu v dobách Československa. Druhá část se věnuje představení "nového" četnického sboru v SR. Třetí část byla zaměřena na rozšíření pravomocí Vojenské policie v ČR, a to jako ve smyslu komparace českých a slovenských změn.
The security council, counter-terrorism, and the legitimacy of international law
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Saktorová, Ľubica
The present article examines United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1373 (2001) and No. 1540 (2004) as pivotal instances of the Council’s post September 11th practices in which it assumed a quasi-legislative role by adopting binding universal obligations under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The study assesses whether these resolutions were adopted within the Council's competence and how their form, content, and practical application have affected the legitimacy of international law. Using analytical and dialectical methodology, the article first places the resolutions in the context of the development of Article 39 practice and the expanding understanding of threats to international peace and security, and then examines their structural and normative implications. The findings suggest that, although the measures can be defended as a lawful exercise of the Council's broad discretionary powers, they have contributed to long-term challenges to legitimacy by concentrating regulatory power in a politically uneven body and creating obligations without participation and multilateralism. From today's perspective, the legacy of Resolutions 1373 and 1540 illustrates the tension between effectiveness and legitimacy that the international legal order is increasingly confronted with.

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