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Čo sa môžeme naučiť z (paleo)limnologického výskumu jazier Strednej Ameriky?
(Limnologický spravodajca, Slovak Limnological Society, 2017-02) Hamerlík, Ladislav
Subfossil Chironomidae (Diptera) in surface sediments of the sinkholes (cenotes) of the Yucatan Peninsula: Diversity and distribution
(Vydavateľstvo PAGEPress, 2018) Hamerlík, Ladislav; Wojewódka, Marta; Zawisza, Edyta; Cohuo Duran, Sergio; Macario Gonzalez, Laura; Pérez, Liseth; Szeroczyńska, Krystyna
Cenotes (sinkholes), formed by the dissolution of the carbonate rock, are the most common waterbodies on the Yucatan Peninsula. Despite their unique features and great amount in the region, our knowledge on the biota of cenotes remains fragmentary. Within the present study we analysed chironomid remains from surface sediment of ten cenotes situated in SE Mexico. In total, 20 taxa of 17 genera were recorded, and the total diversity was estimated to ~30 taxa. The most common taxa were Polypedilum (Tripodura) sp., Tanytarsus ortoni-type, Fittkauimyia sp., Labrundinia sp. and Endotribelos sp. There was a great variability in head capsule abundance among cenotes, ranging from 1 to 64 individuals per site with significantly higher number of remains recorded in open cenotes compared to the closed, cavern types. The results indicate that beside ecological features, such as low trophy, oxygen depletion, simplified habitat structure and fish predation, there are also taphonomical processes connected to the specific nature of cenotes that can hinder the accumulation of biological remains in the sediment. We conclude that due to poor sedimentation and preservation of remains, cenotes have limited potential for palaeolimnological studies.
First record of the genus Heterotrissocladius (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from the Neotropical Region
(NTNU University Museum, Norway, 2018) Hamerlík, Ladislav; Da Silva, Fabio Laurindo
Here we report the occurrence of Heterotrissocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) for the first time in Central America, as well as in the Neotropical region. The report is based on sub-fossil chironomid head capsules from surface sediments of a high elevation lake, Lago Magdalena, Guatemala.
Sub-fossil Chironomidae (Diptera) from lake sediments in Central America: a preliminary inventory
(Zootaxa, Magnolia press, 2018) Hamerlík, Ladislav; Da Silva, Fabio Laurindo; Wojewódka, Marta
The chironomid diversity of Central America is virtually underestimated and there is almost no knowledge on the chironomid remains accumulated in surface sediments of lakes. Thus, in the present study we provide information on the larval sub-fossil chironomid fauna from surface sediments in Central American lakes for the first time. Samples from 27 lakes analysed from Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras yielded a total of 1,109 remains of four subfamilies. Fifty genera have been identified, containing at least 85 morphospecies. With 45 taxa, Chironominae were the most specious and also most abundant subfamily. Tanypodinae with 14 taxa dominated in about one third of the sites. Orthocladiinae were presented by 24 taxa, but were recorded in 9 sites, being dominant in only one site. Podonominae were collected only in one locality. Head capsules of Heterotrissocladius found in the high elevation lake Magdalena, Guatemala, represent a first record for the Neotropical region. Both relative abundance and species richness of Chironominae and Orthocladiinae showed significant relationship to elevation, while Tanypodinae were indifferent. Hopefully, the list of taxa provided by our study will be a base line for future limnological and paleolimnological investigations using chironomid remains in the region.
Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Ecuadorian high altitude streams: a survey and illustrated key
(Florida Entomological Society, 2018) Hamerlík, Ladislav; Da Silva, Fabio Laurindo; Jacobsen, Dean
Chironomidae (Diptera) are among the most diverse and widespread aquatic insects, with roughly 5,500 described species inhabiting an enormous variety of aquatic ecosystems, ranging from moist soils to lakes and rivers, and even marine ecosystems. Despite its ubiquity, the group remains underrepresented in studies addressing aquatic insect assemblages of high-altitude systems, either glacier-fed or non-glacial, particularly in South America. Glacier-fed streams possibly are one of the harshest ecosystems in nature, and present a distinct downstream pattern in species distribution and diversity away from the constraining influence of the glacier. In this context, the goal of our study was to provide data on the chironomid fauna of glacier-fed streams, together with neighboring non-glacial streams in Ecuador, in order to contribute to the overall knowledge of tropical fauna in high Andean regions. Also, we sought to provide an identification key and photography material for future studies. Collections of non-biting midges were made in Ecuador during Jan 2008. In total, 1,412 specimens belonging to 16 genera and at least 23 species within the subfamilies Chironominae (3 taxa), Diamesinae (3 taxa), Podonominae (3 taxa), Orthocladiinae (13 taxa), and Tanypodinae (1 taxon) were found. The subfamilies Podonominae and Orthocladiinae predominated in terms of abundance. Parochlus was the most widespread genus of Chironomidae, while Cricotopus was the most diverse. This study contributes to the knowledge of the chironomid fauna in the high-altitude streams in Ecuador, and hopefully will motivate further studies in the area.
Why are we not on the road to save the Earth and us? Indirect drivers of the anthropogenic impacts on environment
(Warszawa : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, 2024) Sabo, Peter; Sabová, Ľudmila; Turisová, Ingrid; Plašienková, Zlatica
The growth of anthropogenic impacts on environment rapidly acelerated since 1950s and led to overshooting of several planetary ecological thresholds, decreasing the Earth´s ability to support our civilization. Even the concept of sustainability did not lead to recognition of necessary limits to this growth. These limits define the framework of our study on the roots of the current environmental crisis. Numerous studies have been devoted to environmental degradation, but analyses of its indirect driving forces are often fragmentary and confusing. We have attempted to provide a systemic assessment of three groups of indirect drivers by reflecting new physical ones and adding the paradigmatic drivers – such as the mechanical heritage and low reflection of life´s awesome complexity. A paradigm shift is required, as the current paradigm is incompatible with the reality of the Earth´s life support systems erosion. We also strived to contribute to much debated value-based category analysis. This underlines complexity of the driving forces of the crisis. Moreover, some absurd theories of how to come out of the crisis were mentioned. We stress the opportunity for Christians to put into practice the biblical messages to become caring stewards of nature in the God's image.
Interaktívna elektronická učebnica "Aktuálne problémy Európy" - jej východiská a možnosti využitia v stredoškolskej geografii
(Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Škodová, Martina; Madleňák, Tibor; Gajdoš, Alfonz; Žoncová, Michaela
Slovakia, Europe, and the world are currently undergoing numerous changes, bringing various social, economic, and environmental challenges. Some of these changes have been occurring gradually over a long period, while others are rapid and have emerged only in recent years. The dynamics of these changes significantly affects whether they can be addressed within the geography curriculum and textbooks. We believe that school-level regional geography holds great potential for fostering a holistic understanding of complex phenomena and processes in the world and is a subject that should respond appropriately to current issues in Europe. However, based on an analysis of the geography curriculum, textbooks, and personal experience, we can conclude that such a response is currently taking place only to a very limited extent. There are several reasons for this, with one of the most critical being the rapid dynamics of these topics, which require continuous supplementation and updating of traditional educational materials. As part of the KEGA project, we developed an interactive textbook titled Current Issues of Europe. Its purpose is to complement the traditionally covered content of Europe’s regional geography with current topics and case studies. The textbook is primarily intended for high school students and their teachers. The goal of this paper is to present the textbook in terms of its creation, content, and potential applications.
Petroarchaeological study of medieval ruins of Bzovík fortified monastery
(North University of Baia Mare, 2024) Andráš, Peter; Spišiak, Ján
The article represents the results of the complex petroarcheological study focused on the building material with respect to the restoration of the old fortified monastery Bzovík (Central Slovakia). The aim of the study was to determine the original building material and to suggest the best solutions of the building recovery. The petroarcheological study enabled to describe the present state of the used rocks, their resistance and several types of mortars. The aim of the study was determining the material of building We found that the majority of the building stones are from the Neogene volcanics of the Štiavnica stratovolcano. Mainly effusive and extrusive activity of andesite volcanism. Distinguish the original and more new additional building elements, suggest suitable procedures and materials with respect to the sanitation of the building complex.
Situation model of the transport, transport emissions and meteorological conditions
(Czech Technical University in Prague, 2024) Beneš, Viktor; Svítek, Miroslav; Michalíková, Alžbeta; Melicherčík, Miroslav
Air pollution in cities and the possibilities of reducing this pollution represent one of the most important factors that today’s society has to deal with. This paper focuses on a systemic approach to traffic emissions with their relation to meteorological conditions, analyzing the effect of weather on the quantity and dispersion of traffic emissions in a city. Using fuzzy inference systems (FIS) the model for predicting changes in emissions depending on various conditions is developed. The proposed model is based on traffic, meteorology and emission data measured in Prague, Czech Republic. The main objective of the work is to provide insight into how urban planners and policymakers can plan and manage urban transportation more efficiently with environmental protection in mind.
A new insight on the genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Europe based on a revision in the flora of Slovakia
(Springer Science+Business Media : New York, 2024) Peregrym, Mykyta; Turisová, Ingrid; Turis, Peter
Background The genus Pteridium Gled. ex Scop. was thought to be monotypic with the cosmopolitan species P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. for many years. However, morphological variations among these plants in different regions have been noted since the 1940’s, leading to the description of new taxa later. Molecular investigations, while not resolving all taxonomical questions within the genus, have highlighted its rich genetic diversity globally, confirming the status of several previously described species and subspecies. This wealth of data has prompted revisions of the Pteridium genus in regional floras, with Northern Eurasia serving as a central arena for such studies in the last 30 years. Recent data suggest that the European flora comprises a single species, P. aquilinum, with two subspecies, P. a. subsp. aquilinum and P. a. subsp. pinetorum (C.N. Page & R.R. Mill) J.A. Thomson. However, their distribution within the continent remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the representation and distribution of Pteridium taxa in Slovakia with an attempt to describe natural ranges of P. aquilinum subspecies based on herbarium materials and citizen science data within Europe for a whole. Results It is confirmed that the genus Pteridium is represented by the single species with two mentioned subspecies in the flora of Europe, as well as in the flora of Slovakia. The distribution of these subspecies is mapped in the country. Additionally, we discuss the ranges of these subspecies for a whole, and we evidence the growth of P. aquilinum subsp. pinetorum within the Netherlands, Czechia, Austria, Hungary and Romania for the first time. Also, two new combinations of taxa from the Asian part of Russia are offered. Conclusion Our study is a significant contribution in the present knowledge about the distribution and taxonomy of P. aquilinum, however it also shows that many questions concerning this taxon and its infraspecific taxa remain open. Additional field investigations and herbarium processing should be carried out for detailed explorations of biological and ecological peculiarities of the mentioned subspecies, and for the clear understanding of their regional distribution. Such explorations also might become a basis for new syntaxonomic revisions.
Mapping of geological structures and sediment thickness from analysis of aeromagnetic data over the Obudu Basement Complex of Nigeria
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Ekwok, Stephen Eguba; Eldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed; Thompson, Edward A.; Ojong, Romeo Akombi; George, Anthony M.; Alarifi, Saad S.; Kharbish, Sherif; Andráš, Peter; Akpan, Anthony E.
In this study, geologic structures, as well as attendant orientations and sediment thickness, in the Nigerian Obudu Complex were delineated using the Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET), and depth determination methods such as source parameter imaging (SPI) and standard Euler deconvolution (SED). The CET, SPI, and SED procedures were applied on the total magnetic intensity data. Also, the enhanced TMI data using analytic signal, first-vertical derivative, total-horizontal derivative, and tilt-angle derivative filters were further subjected to CET operation, with the aim of mapping both subtle and prominent lineaments. In general, mapped geologic structures trends in the NE–SW, NNE–SSW, E–W, and N–S directions. Overall, the dominant geologic structural orientations of NE–SW and NNE–SSW reflect the regional strike orientation. The regional striking of the lineation, which is caused by the Pan-African orogeny and subsequent post-orogenic processes, has an impact on these orientations. The N–S and E–W structural deviations from the main NE–SW and NNE–SSW trends are initiated by the YGS of the post-orogenic events. Overall, these complex geologic structures are probable sites for metallogenic minerals.
Graphical representation of data prediction potential: correlation graphs and correlation chains
(Springer : Berlin, 2024) Dudáš, Adam
The correlation of the set of attributes is a crucial statistical value for the measuring of prediction potential present in a dataset. The correlation coefficient, which measures the correlation between the values of two attributes, can be used in order to measure the prediction potential between two-element subsets of a dataset containing a high number of attributes. In this way two common summary visualizations of prediction potential in datasets are formed—correlation matrices and correlation heatmaps. Both of these visualizations are focused on the presentation of correlation between pair of attributes but not much more regarding the context of correlations in the dataset. The main objective of this article is the design and implementation of graphical models usable in a visual representation of data prediction potential—correlation graphs and correlation chains—which emphasize the pseudo-transitivity of prediction potential in a dataset.
Remote sensing and aeromagnetic mapping for unveiling mineralization potential: Nuqrah Area, Saudi Arabia
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG : Cham, 2024) Alarifi, Saad S.; El-Qassas, Reda Abdu Yousef; Omar, Ali Elsayed Ali; Al‑Saleh, Ahmad Mohammad; Andráš, Peter; Eldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed
Lately, Saudi Arabia has been developing its mineral exploration. However, comprehensive studies of the collected data are not accessible. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify and map the hydrothermal alteration zones and structural lineaments that regulate the mineral occurrences in the Nuqrah region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data. To achieve the desired goal of the study, ASTER remote sensing data were employed, and they were processed in several ways, including principal component analysis, band ratio, and false color composites to reveal the zones of alteration and structure lineaments. In addition, aeromagnetic data was employed to map the lineaments controlling the mineralization. These datasets were integrated using GIS tools to generate a new mineralization potential map of the Nuqrah area, which was classified into three classes: low, moderate, and high probability mineralization. The results showed thirteen intriguing anomalies (high potential mineralization) dispersed over the research area to be prospected. Additionally, techniques such as residual, regional, first vertical derivative, and tilt derivative were utilized to detect the potential mineral-related geologic structures. The results were validated by plotting known mineralization sites on our maps. Six significant faulting trends have been found, according to the lineament map and rose diagrams from remote sensing: NE–SW, WNW–ESE, N–S, ENE–WSW, NNE–SSW, NW–SE, and E–W. The research region is most affected by the NW–SE, ENE–WSW, E–W, and N–S trends, which are organized in decreasing order of magnitude, according to the rose diagram of the aeromagnetic maps. The applied approach can be employed to map potential mineral deposits in Saudi Arabia and similar zones around the globe.
Effect of soil erosion on soil and plant properties with a consequence on related ecosystem services
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Kanianska, Radoslava; Kizeková, Miriam; Jančová, Ľubica; Čunderlík, Jozef; Dugátová, Zuzana
Erosion is a process often driven by land management deteriorating or changing soil properties along the slopes, with consequences on ecosystem services. In a model area with Stagnic Cambisol, with two different types of land use (grassland—GL and arable land—AL), on an erosion transect in three different hillslope positions (upper, middle, and lower), in two different depths (0–10 and 35–45 cm), we observed the impact of soil erosion on soil and plant properties and ecosystem services by use of direct measurements and models. In GL, soil available potassium (SK), soil available phosphorus (SP) and pH increased both downward along the slope and in soil depth. A significantly (p < 0.01) higher content of plant nutrients (PN, PP, and PK) and shoot biomass was recorded in the lower part of the hillslope. In AL, soil parameters (pH, SOC, SN, and SOC/SN) reached the lowest values at the middle hillslope position at the shallowest depth. A relatively negligible annual average soil loss was recorded for GL (0.76 t/ha/yr). To the contrary, a very high rate of soil erosion was found for AL with maize silage. The actual soil moisture was 50% higher in GL compared to AL, which was reflected also in the soil water deficit index (SWDI) being more favorable for GL.
Unveiling the mineral resources and structural patterns in the Middle Benue Trough: a comprehensive exploration using airborne magnetic and radiometric data
(Taylor & Francis Group : Abingdon, 2024) Ekwok, Stephen Eguba; George, Anthony M.; Omori, Asuquo A.; Abdelrahman, Kamal; Ugar, Samuel Izama; Andráš, Peter; Morphy, Morod Iwong; Akpan, Anthony E.; Eldosouky, Ahmed Mohammed
The Middle Benue Trough (MBT) in Northcentral Nigeria is a geologically significant area with vast mineral resource potential. Employing airborne magnetic and radiometric data, this study utilized the Centre for Exploration Targeting on enhanced total magnetic intensity data to reveal geologic structures, lithological units and mineralization zones. Lineaments predominantly trended in NE-SW direction, with noteworthy orientations in NNE-SSW and E-W. Radiometric anomalies correlated with distinct lithological units, pinpointing granitic gneiss, alluvium, shale, siltstone and sandstone. A magnetically concentrated and potassium-rich area indicated potential polymetallic-magnetic mineralization. The 2D model illustrated igneous intrusions influencing prevalent geologic structures, such as sediment baking and doming. Thorough analysis, including source parameter imaging, standard Euler deconvolution and 2D forward modelling, revealed sediment thicknesses below 1500 m. This research enhances understanding of the MBT’s geological features, offering valuable insights for mineral exploration and resource assessment in the region.
Comparison of particles from the sanding process of spruce and oak on a narrow belt sander
(Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, 2024) Kučerka, Martin; Adamčík, Lukáš; Júda, Martin; Kminiak, Richard; Očkajová, Alena
The paper deals with the microscopic analysis and comparison of particles from the sanding process of spruce and oak on a narrow belt sander. The values of all sizes obtained from the microscope measurements ranged over a wide range of all sizes between 3-1000 μm. Chips with sizes < 100.0-10.0 μm were the most prevalent, accounting for 50% and 47% of the total sizes present in the oak and spruce samples, respectively. The presence of chips <10.0 μm in size was present in oak samples 37% and in spruce samples 33% of the total number of chips. Chips of larger sizes were present in 13 % of the oak samples and 20 % of the spruce samples. The study of sizes below <10.0 μm showed that, based on medians, the most frequently occurring splinter size was 5.43 μm diameter for both species equally. In both samples, the sizes ranged from 3.43 to 9.71 μm. The study of dimensions below <100.0-10.0 μm showed that the most frequently occurring dimensions based on medians were chips with a diameter of approximately 30 μm for oak and chips with a diameter of approximately 28 μm for spruce.
New faunistic records of chironomids and phantom midges (Diptera, Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) from Ukraine indicate recent climatic refugia in the Eastern Carpathians
(Pensoft Publishers : Sofia, 2024) Bitušík, Peter; Novikmec, Milan; Svitok, Marek; Hamerlík, Ladislav
The aquatic insect fauna of the Eastern Carpathians is poorly known, especially in Ukraine. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted faunistic surveys of Chironomidae and Chaoboridae in 2018 and 2021. The study involved sampling of 11 watercourses and 10 mountain lakes situated in the Ukrainian part of the Eastern Carpathians. A total of 101 taxa were identified, including 40 chironomid species and one genus that have been recorded for the first time from Ukraine. The occurrence of one species previously considered as “doubtfully present” in Ukraine was confirmed by this study. One of the two identified phantom midge species, Chaoborus (s. str.) obscuripes (van der Wulp, 1859), is recorded for the first time from Ukraine. The most intriguing records are chironomid species Cricotopus (s. str.) beckeri Hirvenoja, 1973, Eukiefferiella bedmari Vilchez-Quero & Laville, 1987, and Pseudorthocladius (s. str.) berthelemyi Moubayed, 1990. These species have Mediterranean distribution and their occurrence in the Eastern Carpathians could be remains of once-widespread populations that currently survive in the Carpathian refugia due to adverse climatic conditions in the former distribution area. The high number of first records from a relatively small number of sites indicates a great gap in the knowledge of the Ukrainian chironomid fauna.
Some notes on the relationships between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and correlation analysis
(Balgarska akademiya na naukite : Sofia, 2024) Michalíková, Alžbeta; Dudáš, Adam
In the real world applications it is common that relationship between tuples of attributes of dimension higher than two need to be examined. It is well known that correlation analysis is focused on measuring of strength and direction of relationship between a pair of attributes. Algorithms using intercriteria analysis that solve the problem of measuring the strength of relationship between triples, quadruples, etc., were designed previously. The research presented in this paper is motivated by possibilities of using intuitionistic fuzzy equivalence relations to classify the data into the specific classes. The objective of this work is to use the values of correlation coefficients and compute the relationship between more than two attributes. The results are compared with the results obtained by intercriteria analysis.
Minimal extensions in smooth dynamics
(Springer Nature : Viedeň, 2024) Dirbák, Matúš
A classical result of Fathi and Herman from 1977 states that a smooth compact connected manifold without boundary admitting a locally free action of a 1-torus, respectively, an almost free action of a 2-torus, admits a minimal diffeomorphism, respectively, a minimal flow. In the first part of our paper we study the existence of locally free and almost free actions of tori on homogeneous spaces of compact connected Lie groups, thus providing new examples of spaces admitting minimal diffeomorphisms or flows. In the second part we combine the ideas of Fathi and Herman with our recent ideas to study the existence of minimal skew products over certain minimal flows with general connected Lie groups as acting groups. Our results apply to so called flows with free cycles. In the last part of our work we study the existence of free cycles in homogeneous flows.
Červený zoznam cicavcov Slovenska
(Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky : Banská Bystrica, 2024) Urban, Peter; Ambros, Michal; Kadlečík, Ján; Černecký, Ján; Kocianová-Adamcová, Marcela; Baláž, Ivan; Bučko, Jozef; Finďo, Slavomír; Krojerová, Jarmila; Kubala, Jakub; Lehotská, Blanka; Uhrin, Marcel
Red Lists of threatened species are a respected source of information on the threat status of animal, plant and fungal species. They analyse the extinction risk of species, applying the standard categories and criteria. The structure of the current Slovakian Red List of Mammals reflects actual standard IUCN criteria and categories at both the global and regional levels. Of the 96 mammalian species of Slovakia (where the chamois is represented by two subspecies: autochtonous endemic Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica and the introduced R. r. rupicapra) we evaluated 86 (88.7%), the other 11 non-native and introduced taxa (11.3%) were not evaluated (NE). Twenty nine (33.7%) of the evaluated species are categorised as threatened. One species (Marmota marmota latirostris) was assessed as “Critically Endangered” (CR). Seven (8.1%) taxa (Spermophilus citellus, Alexandromys oeconomus mehelyi, Rhinolophus euryale, Miniopterus schreibersii, Lynx lynx, Bos bonasus, Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica) meet the criteria for the “Endangered” (EN) category. In the category “Vulnerable” (VU) 21 (24.4%) taxa were included (Microtus tatricus, Sorex alpinus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis blythii, Myotis brandtii, Myotis dasycneme, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Eptesicus nilssonii, Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula, Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus austriacus, Vespertilio murinus, Felis silvestris, Lutra lutra). Mustela lutreola has become extinct in the territory of the country (“Regionally Extinct” – RE). The Red List also includes eleven species classified as “Data Deficient” (DD) due to the lack of data.

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