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3D tlačená šablóna ako učebná pomôcka pre axonometrické premietanie v technickom kreslení
(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2025) Kucmanová, Barbora; Kučerka, Martin
Teaching aids are an integral part of the educational process and contribute significantly to the effective acquisition of new knowledge. The aim of our project was to design and produce a teaching tool that facilitates the learning of technical drawing for primary school students, specifically focussing on axonometric projections. This area deals with representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, which often poses a challenge to students. We designed and manufactured a template using a 3D printer to help students determine starting points and correct angles in axonometric projections. The main benefit of this tool is to increase the accuracy and speed of student work during lessons. At the end of the project, we prepared five model objects that can be drawn using the template. These objects are arranged by difficulty, allowing students to gradually develop their skills and progress from simpler to more complex tasks. Vyučovacie pomôcky sú neoddeliteľnou súčasťou vzdelávacieho procesu a významne prispievajú k efektívnemu osvojovaniu nových poznatkov. Cieľom našej práce bolo navrhnúť a vyrobiť učebnú pomôcku, ktorá uľahčí žiakom základnej školy výučbu technického kreslenia, konkrétne tému axonometrických premietaní. Táto oblasť je zameraná na zobrazovanie trojrozmerných telies na dvojrozmernú plochu, čo predstavuje pre žiakov často náročnú úlohu. Navrhli sme a pomocou 3D tlačiarne zhotovili šablónu, ktorá žiakom pomáha pri určovaní počiatočných bodov a správnych uhlov v axonometrických premietaniach. Hlavným prínosom tejto pomôcky je zvýšenie presnosti a rýchlosti práce žiakov počas vyučovacích hodín. V závere práce sme pripravili päť modelových objektov, ktoré je možné pomocou šablóny nakresliť. Tieto objekty sú zoradené podľa náročnosti, čo umožňuje žiakom postupne rozvíjať svoje zručnosti a prechádzať od jednoduchších k zložitejším úlohám.
3PM-guided innovation in treatments of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis utilizing fecal microbiota transplantation
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG : Cham, 2024) Skladaný, Ľubomír; Kubánek, Natália; Adamcová - Selčanová, Svetlana; Žilinčanová, Daniela; Havaj, Daniel Jan; Šulejová, Karolína; Šoltys, Katarína; Messingerová, Lucia; Lichvár, Michal; Lafférs, Lukáš; Žilinčan, Michal; Honsová, Eva; Lipták, Peter; Bánovčin, Peter; Bureš, Jan; Koller, Tomáš; Golubnitschaja, Olga; Arab, Juan-Pablo
Rationale: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is the most critical, acute, inflammatory phenotype within the alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) spectrum, characterized by high 30- and 90-day mortality. Since several decades, corticosteroids (CS) are the only approved pharmacotherapy offering highly limited survival benefits. Contextually, there is an evident demand for 3PM innovation in the area meeting patients’ needs and improving individual outcomes. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as one of the new potential therapeutic options. In this study, we aimed to address the crucial 3PM domains in order to assess (i) the impact of FMT on mortality in SAH patients beyond CS, (ii) to identify factors associated with the outcome to be improved (iii) the prediction of futility, (iv) prevention of suboptimal individual outcomes linked to increased mortality, and (v) personalized allocation of therapy. Methods: We conducted a prospective study (NCT04758806) in adult patients with SAH who were non-responders (NR) to or non-eligible (NE) for CS between January 2018 and August 2022. The intervention consisted of five 100 ml of FMT, prepared from 30 g stool from an unrelated healthy donor and frozen at − 80 °C, administered daily to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We evaluated the impact of FMT on 30- and 90-day mortality which we compared to the control group selected by the propensity score matching and treated by the standard of care; the control group was derived from the RH7 registry of patients hospitalized at the liver unit (NCT04767945). We have also scrutinized the FMT outcome against established and potential prognostic factors for SAH — such as the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Maddrey Discriminant Function (MDF), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), Liver Frailty Index (LFI), hepatic venous-portal pressure gradient (HVPG) and Alcoholic Hepatitis Histologic Score (AHHS) — to see if the 3PM method assigns them a new dimension in predicting response to therapy, prevention of suboptimal individual outcomes, and personalized patient management. Results: We enrolled 44 patients with SAH (NR or NE) on an intention-to-treat basis; we analyzed 33 patients per protocol for associated factors (after an additional 11 being excluded for receiving less than 5 doses of FMT), and 31 patients by propensity score matching for corresponding individual outcomes, respectively. The mean age was 49.6 years, 11 patients (33.3%) were females. The median MELD score was 29, and ACLF of any degree had 27 patients (81.8%). FMT improved 30-day mortality (p = 0.0204) and non-significantly improved 90-day mortality (p = 0.4386). Univariate analysis identified MELD ≥ 30, MDF ≥ 90, and ACLF grade > 1 as significant predictors of 30-day mortality, (p = 0.031; p = 0.014; p = 0.034). Survival was not associated with baseline LFI, HVPG, or AHHS. Conclusions and recommendations in the framework of 3PM: In the most difficult-to-treat sub-cohort of patients with SAH (i.e., NR/NE), FMT improved 30-day mortality. Factors associated with benefit included MELD ≤ 30, MDF ≤ 90, and ACLF < 2. These results support the potential of gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in the context of 3PM research and vice versa — to use 3PM methodology as the expedient unifying template for microbiome research. The results allow for immediate impact on the innovative concepts of (i) personalized phenotyping and stratification of the disease for the clinical research and practice, (ii) multilevel predictive diagnosis related to personalized/precise treatment allocation including evidence-based (ii) prevention of futile and sub-optimally effective therapy, as well as (iii) targeted prevention of poor individual outcomes in patients with SAH. Moreover, our results add to the existing evidence with the potential to generate new research along the SAH’s pathogenetic pathways such as diverse individual susceptibility to alcohol toxicity, host-specific mitochondrial function and systemic inflammation, and the role of gut dysbiosis thereof.
A low-cost MLS prototype for voxel-based above-ground biomass estimation in short-rotation plantations
(Frontiers Media S.A. : Lausanne, 2025) Skladan, Michal; Singh, Arunima; Chudá, Juliána; Lieskovský, Martin; Masný, Matej; Výbošťok, Jozef
Short-rotation plantations of fast-growing trees (FGT) offer a sustainable biomass source to mitigate climate change and boost rural energy self-sufficiency. Accurate estimation of woody above-ground biomass (AGB) is critical for efficient management and utilization of these plantations. This study evaluates modern mobile laser scanning (MLS) techniques for dry-weight AGB estimation, comparing a commercial MLS system with a low-cost prototype built on the Livox Mid-360 sensor. Research was carried out in a dense, second-rotation poplar clone plantation. Thirty-one research plots were scanned using both MLS setups, then harvested and oven-dried to obtain reference dry weights. Point clouds were processed via a voxel-based approach at four resolutions (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) to develop regression models correlating total voxel volume with dry biomass. The low-cost prototype delivered its best performance at 5 cm voxel size (R2 = 0.84; rRMSE = 12.2%), markedly outperforming the commercial system at the same resolution (R2 = 0.68; rRMSE = 17.5%). The commercial MLS achieved its optimum at 20 cm voxels (R2 = 0.82; rRMSE = 12.9%). Predictive models were validated using 16 plots for training and 15 for testing. The prototype yielded the highest precision for dry weight prediction (R2 = 0.89; rRMSE = 12.9%) at 5 cm resolution, while the commercial MLS excelled in fresh-weight estimation at 15 cm resolution (R2 = 0.92; rRMSE = 12.0%). These results demonstrate that affordable MLS solutions can provide biomass estimates comparable to those of higher-cost systems for dry AGB assessment in high-density poplar stands. Implementing low-cost laser scanning improves monitoring frequency, reduces operational expenses, and enables large-scale application in short-rotation forestry. This approach supports evidence-based decision-making for sustainable bioenergy production. Future work will explore integrating multispectral data and automated processing pipelines to further enhance biomass estimation accuracy and scalability across diverse forest conditions.
A new insight on the genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Europe based on a revision in the flora of Slovakia
(Springer Science+Business Media : New York, 2024) Peregrym, Mykyta; Turisová, Ingrid; Turis, Peter
Background The genus Pteridium Gled. ex Scop. was thought to be monotypic with the cosmopolitan species P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. for many years. However, morphological variations among these plants in different regions have been noted since the 1940’s, leading to the description of new taxa later. Molecular investigations, while not resolving all taxonomical questions within the genus, have highlighted its rich genetic diversity globally, confirming the status of several previously described species and subspecies. This wealth of data has prompted revisions of the Pteridium genus in regional floras, with Northern Eurasia serving as a central arena for such studies in the last 30 years. Recent data suggest that the European flora comprises a single species, P. aquilinum, with two subspecies, P. a. subsp. aquilinum and P. a. subsp. pinetorum (C.N. Page & R.R. Mill) J.A. Thomson. However, their distribution within the continent remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the representation and distribution of Pteridium taxa in Slovakia with an attempt to describe natural ranges of P. aquilinum subspecies based on herbarium materials and citizen science data within Europe for a whole. Results It is confirmed that the genus Pteridium is represented by the single species with two mentioned subspecies in the flora of Europe, as well as in the flora of Slovakia. The distribution of these subspecies is mapped in the country. Additionally, we discuss the ranges of these subspecies for a whole, and we evidence the growth of P. aquilinum subsp. pinetorum within the Netherlands, Czechia, Austria, Hungary and Romania for the first time. Also, two new combinations of taxa from the Asian part of Russia are offered. Conclusion Our study is a significant contribution in the present knowledge about the distribution and taxonomy of P. aquilinum, however it also shows that many questions concerning this taxon and its infraspecific taxa remain open. Additional field investigations and herbarium processing should be carried out for detailed explorations of biological and ecological peculiarities of the mentioned subspecies, and for the clear understanding of their regional distribution. Such explorations also might become a basis for new syntaxonomic revisions.
A scalable approach to historical data management via optimized transaction logs
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers : Piscataway, 2025) Kvet, Michal; Škrinárová, Jarmila
Temporal databases play a crucial role in tracking the evolution of data over time by preserving historical states through valid time intervals instead of overwriting data. This approach enables robust data analysis, forecasting, and auditing while enforcing consistency and preventing conflicting entries. Traditional transactional systems complement this by recording the time context of changes in transaction logs, which are essential for ensuring data integrity, recovery, and auditability. However, conventional log management, relying on sequential scanning, imposes performance and scalability limitations. This paper introduces a novel, efficient solution for managing transaction logs through an integrated data mapping layer. The proposed structure stores direct references to logged data within the database, supported by five optimized indexes—including object definitions and four temporal B+trees—to track validity, load time, and transaction lifecycle. This block-oriented design enables dynamic access, supports prohibited history handling, and eliminates the need for separate temporal layers or data migrations. Performance evaluations demonstrate significant gains in processing speed and system scalability compared to traditional approaches. However, limitations persist, including the growing footprint of non-indexed log metadata, challenges in data recoverability, incompatibility with standard table-optimization techniques, static log block sizes, and potential bottlenecks during high-frequency change periods.
A Trojan horse inside the gates: Alien-native mating interactions in mixed populations in Solidago taxa
(John Wiley & Sons : Weinheim, 2026) Skokanová, Katarína; Murgašová, Michaela; Pulišová, Kristína; Šingliarová, Barbora
The establishment and possible impacts of alien–native hybrids depend on their formation frequency and ability to spread using generative and vegetative reproduction. Here, we investigated the frequency and pathways of hybrid Solidago ×niederederi formation and its subsequent mating interactions with parental species in mixed populations of invasive alien S. canadensis and native S. virgaurea. DAPI flow cytometry was used for progeny screening (991 seedlings) of the 15 plants from two mixed populations to document their mating interactions based on previously shown differences in relative genome size of the studied taxa. Seedlings of presumed hybrid origin (F1 hybrids) were formed at low frequency (up to 3%) by both S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. About 46% of germinating seeds produced by S. ×niederederi plants represented later hybrid generations. Backcrossing of S. ×niederederi with parental species within the mixed populations was thus intense, but its frequency differed in direction: backcrossing was less frequent with S. virgaurea as pollen donor (<8%), while there was a strong asymmetric pattern towards S. ×niederederi backcrossing with S. canadensis as the pollen donor (almost 47%). Furthermore, the formation of tri- and tetrapolyploid seedlings within the progeny of the two hybrid plants was recorded. Hybridisation and introgression appear to be established in mixed populations of S. canadensis, S. virgaurea and S. ×niederederi. These post-invasion processes might later be mirrored in the spreading success of descendants of the invasive species and genetic erosion of the native species. Therefore, their pathways, extent and consequences require further attention.
AMAVET - Krajské kolo Festivalu vedy a techniky v Banskej Bystrici
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Kvasnová, Petra; Pavlovkin, Ján
Autori článku prezentujú projekty žiakov základných a stredných škôl, ktoré boli prezentované v rámci krajského kola Festivalu vedy a techniky usporiadaného Asociáciou pre mládež, vedu a techniku klub 937 so sídlom Kremnička 10 v Banskej Bystrici. Prezentujúci žiaci základných a stredných škôl v Banskobystrickom kraji preukázali svoje vedomosti a zručnosti pri riešení rôznych projektov. Všetky projekty sú originálne. Originalita ako jeden z faktorov tvorivosti je významná pri ďalšom rozvoji kreativity žiakov základných a stredných škôl. Prezentované a hodnotené projekty sú aplikovateľné v praxi. The authors of the article present the projects of primary and secondary school pupils, which were presented as part of the regional round of the Festival of Science and Technology organized by the Association for Youth, Science and Technology club 937 with its registered office in Kremnička 10 in Banská Bystrica. The presenting pupils of primary and secondary schools in the Banská Bystrica Region demonstrated their knowledge and skills in solving various projects. All projects are original. Originality as one of the factors of creativity is important in the further development of creativity of primary and secondary school pupils. The presented and evaluated projects are applicable in practice.
Artificial neural network-based optimization of CO₂ laser cutting parameters for beech plywood and HDF: A kerf geometry perspective
(University of Zagreb, 2026) Ružiak, Ivan; Der, Oguzhan; Kubovský, Ivan; Adijans, Imants; Kučerka, Martin; Richvalská, Jana; Gajtanska, Milada; Tudor, Eugenia Marianna; Todaro, Luigi; Štefančin, Lukáš
This study presents the results of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) predictions with the aim of optimizing the process of beech plywood and HDF laser cutting. A survey is given of the results of predictions of cutting kerf parameters made by Artificial Neural Networks to cover a wide spread of CO2 laser parameters, as well as the results of experimental cutting with maximum laser power (P) equal to 135 W and maximum feed rate (v) equal to 20 mm/s. Validity of the best neural network was checked versus overfitting of the best neural networks, confirmed according to r value of the model (minimum 0.971), MAPE (%) (maximum 6.21 %) and compared with the results of other authors. The article also presents the effect of energy density values E on values of cutting kerf parameters and their variance. The results show that the optimal value of laser power (P) and feed rate (v) for beech plywood are (200-300 W; 10-15 mm/s), while for more dense and more homogenous high-density fibreboard (HDF) they are (300-500 W; 5-10 mm/s). Optimal energy densities (E) are then 133 MJ/m2 for beech plywood and 433 MJ/m2 for HDF. Similar as for other wooden materials, it follows that more dense species of wood should be cut with higher values of energy densities. The results can be applied to reduce the material and energy demands by optimizing the quality of cut with minimum symmetrical kerf widths.
Assessment of Co, Cu, Zn, As and Cd bioavailability at selected European Cu-deposits, comparative environmental and geochemical study
(North University of Baia Mare : Baia Mare, 2025) Ševčíková, Janka; Midula, Pavol; Spišiak, Ján; Kmeťová, Jarmila; Tomaškin, Ján; Kharbish, Sherif; Eldosouky Ahmed, Mohammed; Janštová, Jana; Turisová, Ingrid
The article presents the results of a study of the contamination of heaps with potentially toxic elements, focused on Co, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd, their bioavailability in the area at selected European abandoned Cu-deposits: Špania Dolina (Slovakia), Libiola, Caporciano (Italy), and São Domingos (Portugal). The content of studied metals at selected heaps often exceeds the limits of national and EU legislation. The bioavailability was studied using three-step sequential extraction, using distilled water (step I), ammonium acetate (step II) and citric acid (step III). The best bioavailable elements are Cu, Cd, and Zn. Cobalt and As are less released during the leaching into the solution. The article discusses also the main environmental problems at the individual deposits and suggests possible solutions.
Assessment of new techniques for measuring volume in large wood chip piles
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Gejdoš, Miloš; Výbošťok, Jozef; Chudá, Juliána; Tomčík, Daniel; Lieskovský, Martin; Skladan, Michal; Masný, Matej; Gergeľ, Tomáš
Our work aimed to compare the chip pile volumes calculated by laser ground scanning, UAV technology, and laser ground measurement and also to determine the accuracy, speed, and economic efficiency of each method. The large chip pile was measured in seven different ways: band measurement, laser measurement with Vertex, global navigation satellite system, handheld mobile laser scanner, terrestrial laser scanner, drone, and smartphone with a light detection and ranging sensor. All the methods were compared in terms of accuracy, price, user-friendliness, and time required to obtain results. The calculated pile volume, depending on the method, varied from 2588 to 3362 m3. The most accurate results were provided by the terrestrial laser scanning method, which, however, was the most expensive and the most demanding in terms of collecting and evaluating the results. From a time and economic point of view, the most effective methods were UAVs and smartphones with LiDAR.
Assessment of the demand for cultural ecosystem services in Local Action Group association of municipalities: a case study from Slovakia
(Univerzita J. E. Purkyně : Ústí nad Labem, 2024) Hladká, Alexandra; Izakovičová, Zita; Petrovič, František
This paper deals with the assessment of the demand for cultural ecosystem services (CES) using participatory mapping in the Local Action Group (LAG) Association of Municipalities of the White Carpathians and Trenčín Microregion and the Bošáčka Microregion, Slovakia. CES as non-material services provided by ecosystems are linked to tourism and its development. While, tourism is not very developed in the case study area, the preferences of residents and visitors to the area were investigated and compared. The aim of this paper is to map the demand for CES, both from the perspective of residents and visitors, and to propose appropriate forms of tourism for LAG municipalities based on the different demand for CES. We collected the data using a questionnaire survey at selected locations in the territory of the LAG from July to October in 2023, while aiming at two target groups (n=100 and n=108). Participatory mapping helped to identify CES demand locations in the country. Based on the results, we established a hierarchy of the importance of locations in terms of tourism interest. The survey shows that the demand for CES is influenced by the availability of the location as well as the availability of information about the area. In the case of attractive locations, both residents and visitors were willing to tolerate the lack of tourism services such as small number of accommodation and catering facilities, incomplete information or worse transport accessibility. Research showed that high demand for CES prevails among residents and visitors in the same locations, but residents identified more locations where demand for CES occurs. The results of the research are of considerable importance in the implementation of the concept of ecosystem services in the territory development documents, since on their basis it is possible to strengthen and especially optimise the development of tourism in the territory.
Biosférické rezervácie na Slovensku v začarovanom kruhu?
(Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR : Praha, 2024) Urban, Peter; Miňová, Lucia
Bismuth sulfosalts from the Nistru metallogenetic field, Baia Mare zone, NW Romania
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Damian, Floarea; Damian, Gheorghe; Cook, Nigel J.; Prokofiev, Vsevolod Yu.; Andráš, Peter
An association of bismuth sulfosalts coexisting with native gold is described from a sulfide-rich copper vein in the Nistru area, Baia Mare metallogenetic district, NW Romania. This mineralization is hosted within a Neogene calc-alkaline subvolcanic porphyry quartz-micromonzodiorite stock on the southern border of the Gutâi Mountains. Cu+Au+Bi mineralization represents the inner part of a zoned vein of a type specific to the SE part of the Nistru orefield. The Pb-Zn and Au-Ag veins are located towards the external zone at the boundary of the stock with the surrounding rocks. Bismuth sulfosalts are mainly represented by bismuthinite derivatives and members of the lillianite homologous series. Cosalite, matildite and wittichenite are also present in subordinate amounts. Bi-rich members of the bismuthinite-aikinite series (from krupkaite to bismuthinite) are predominant. A phase with the empirical formula CuPbBi7S12 was also identified and could potentially be a new bismuthinite derivative. The lillianite homologous series is represented by phases with composition between Gus73 and Gus59, with a dominance of members closer to gustavite (Gus97–79) and less abundant members closer to lillianite (Gus49). Native gold and Bi-sulfosalts are closely associated with the main sulfides (pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite) and quartz, indicating simultaneous crystallization. Fluid inclusion data for quartz indicate a temperature interval between 205 and 247 °C. The assemblage within this vein was deposited from a low-salinity fluid (0.4–2.6 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and density from 0.80 to 0.87 g/cm3.
Carbon and nitrogen stocks in agricultural soils under different natural conditions and management in Slovakia
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Kizeková, Miriam; Kanianska, Radoslava; Jančová, Ľubica; Čunderlík, Jozef; Dugátová, Zuzana
Soil is a natural capital which supplies valuable ecosystem services including carbon and nitrogen storage. Agroecosystems play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (NT) accumulation. The aim of this study was to analyse SOC stock (SOCS) and NT stock (NTS) in relation to land use (arable land-AL, permanent grasslands-PG), management, soil depth, and selected soil properties of six soil subtypes (Rendzic Leptosol—LPrz, Dystric Cambisol—CMdy, Stagnic Cambisol—CMst, Haplic Fluvisol—FLha, Gleyic Fluvisol—FLgl, Haplic Chernozem—CHha) which are the most widespread in Slovakia. SOCS for a 50 cm deep soil profile ranged from 161 t.ha−1 in CHha to 59 t.ha−1 in FLgl in grasslands, and in arable lands from 111 t.ha−1 in CHha to 38 t.ha−1 in CMst. In grasslands, FLs and CMst showed the significantly lowest SOCS and NTS in comparison to CMdy, LPrz, and CHha. The mean soil NT content in arable land and grasslands was 2.21 g.kg−1 and 2.82 g.kg−1, respectively. ANOVA showed that soil subtype, land use, and site have significantly affected SOCS but not NTS. The correlation analysis revealed correlations between SOCS and NTS. SOCS was also correlated with C:N, pH, P, and K. This study should help to encourage practices to maintain soil C and soil properties and to ensure the sustainability of the functions of many soil types in Slovakia.
Červený zoznam cicavcov Slovenska
(Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky : Banská Bystrica, 2024) Urban, Peter; Ambros, Michal; Kadlečík, Ján; Černecký, Ján; Kocianová-Adamcová, Marcela; Baláž, Ivan; Bučko, Jozef; Finďo, Slavomír; Krojerová, Jarmila; Kubala, Jakub; Lehotská, Blanka; Uhrin, Marcel
Red Lists of threatened species are a respected source of information on the threat status of animal, plant and fungal species. They analyse the extinction risk of species, applying the standard categories and criteria. The structure of the current Slovakian Red List of Mammals reflects actual standard IUCN criteria and categories at both the global and regional levels. Of the 96 mammalian species of Slovakia (where the chamois is represented by two subspecies: autochtonous endemic Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica and the introduced R. r. rupicapra) we evaluated 86 (88.7%), the other 11 non-native and introduced taxa (11.3%) were not evaluated (NE). Twenty nine (33.7%) of the evaluated species are categorised as threatened. One species (Marmota marmota latirostris) was assessed as “Critically Endangered” (CR). Seven (8.1%) taxa (Spermophilus citellus, Alexandromys oeconomus mehelyi, Rhinolophus euryale, Miniopterus schreibersii, Lynx lynx, Bos bonasus, Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica) meet the criteria for the “Endangered” (EN) category. In the category “Vulnerable” (VU) 21 (24.4%) taxa were included (Microtus tatricus, Sorex alpinus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis blythii, Myotis brandtii, Myotis dasycneme, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Eptesicus nilssonii, Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula, Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus austriacus, Vespertilio murinus, Felis silvestris, Lutra lutra). Mustela lutreola has become extinct in the territory of the country (“Regionally Extinct” – RE). The Red List also includes eleven species classified as “Data Deficient” (DD) due to the lack of data.
Characterizations of kites as graceful graphs
(Department of mathematics and statistics of the Universidad de La Frontera : Temuco, 2024) Haviar, Miroslav; Kotuľová, Katarína
We introduce and study an infinite family of graceful graphs, which we call kites. The kites are graphs where a path is joined with a graph "forming" a kite. We study and characterize three classes of the kites: kites formed by cycles known to be graceful, fan kites and lantern kites. Beside showing in a transparent way that all these graphs are graceful, we provide characterizations of these graphs among all simple graphs via three tools: via Sheppard's labelling sequences introduced in the 1970s and via labelling relations and graph chessboards. The latter are relatively new tools for the study of graceful graphs introduced by Haviar and Iva\v ska in 2015. The labelling relations are closely related to Sheppard's labelling sequences while the graph chessboards provide a~nice visualization of the graceful labellings.
Chironomidae (Diptera) from mountain lakes of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania: first records and insight into diversity
(Pensoft Publishers : Sofia, 2025) Bitušík, Peter; Slobodníková, Veronika; Novikmec, Milan; Dudáš, Adam; Hamerlík, Ladislav
Lakes at high altitudes are extremely sensitive to environmental stressors at both local and global scales, making them important sentinels of the changing world. Chironomidae, the most diverse group of benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting mountain lakes, respond to various environmental impacts, making them important bioindicators of the lake’s ecological status. This study aimed to provide the first insight into chironomid diversity in high-altitude lakes from two mountain ranges of the Romanian Eastern Carpathians: the Maramures, and the Rodna Mountains. Floating chironomid material was collected by skimming the water surface with a hand net from 16 lakes at elevations ranging from 1378 to 1922 m a.s.l. A total of 50 species/ taxa were collected, including nine new records for Romania. Notes on newly recorded species’ distribution, ecology and taxonomy are provided. In addition, an identification key for Procladius choreus and P. sagittalis based on thoracic horn characteristics is given. With our addition, the total number of chironomid species known from Romania is now 526. The study provides a baseline for future research on chironomid diversity, ecology, and biogeography in high-altitude lakes of the Carpathian Mountains.
Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Ecuadorian high altitude streams: a survey and illustrated key
(Florida Entomological Society, 2018) Hamerlík, Ladislav; Da Silva, Fabio Laurindo; Jacobsen, Dean
Chironomidae (Diptera) are among the most diverse and widespread aquatic insects, with roughly 5,500 described species inhabiting an enormous variety of aquatic ecosystems, ranging from moist soils to lakes and rivers, and even marine ecosystems. Despite its ubiquity, the group remains underrepresented in studies addressing aquatic insect assemblages of high-altitude systems, either glacier-fed or non-glacial, particularly in South America. Glacier-fed streams possibly are one of the harshest ecosystems in nature, and present a distinct downstream pattern in species distribution and diversity away from the constraining influence of the glacier. In this context, the goal of our study was to provide data on the chironomid fauna of glacier-fed streams, together with neighboring non-glacial streams in Ecuador, in order to contribute to the overall knowledge of tropical fauna in high Andean regions. Also, we sought to provide an identification key and photography material for future studies. Collections of non-biting midges were made in Ecuador during Jan 2008. In total, 1,412 specimens belonging to 16 genera and at least 23 species within the subfamilies Chironominae (3 taxa), Diamesinae (3 taxa), Podonominae (3 taxa), Orthocladiinae (13 taxa), and Tanypodinae (1 taxon) were found. The subfamilies Podonominae and Orthocladiinae predominated in terms of abundance. Parochlus was the most widespread genus of Chironomidae, while Cricotopus was the most diverse. This study contributes to the knowledge of the chironomid fauna in the high-altitude streams in Ecuador, and hopefully will motivate further studies in the area.
Choosing the right close-range technology for measuring DBH in fast-growing trees plantations
(Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V., 2025) Skladan, Michal; Chudá, Juliána; Singh, Arunima; Masný, Matej; Lieskovský, Martin; Pástor, Michal; Mokroš, Martin; Výbošťok, Jozef
Recently, the cultivation of fast-growing tree (FGT) plantations has gained importance due to the growing energy and climate crisis. FGT plantations have the potential to reduce carbon footprints and lower greenhouse gas emissions by utilization of local renewable energy sources. Effective monitoring of above-ground biomass (AGB) is crucial for the successful management of these plantations. Standard methods for estimating AGB rely on easily measurable parameters, such as Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and tree height, which are highly correlated with AGB. Traditional methods for measuring DBH include measuring tapes and calipers; however, these techniques can be labor-intensive, time-consuming, and limited when assessing large areas. Innovative approaches, such as photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), mobile laser scanning (MLS), and iPhone LiDAR scanning, can complement these traditional methods by generating point clouds that can be used for extracting dendrometric parameters. This study evaluates the effectiveness of TLS (RIEGL VZ-1000), MLS (Stonex X120 GO), iPhone LiDAR (iPhone 13 Pro MAX), and terrestrial photogrammetry (iPhone 13 Pro MAX) for estimating DBH in a Paulownia plantation. Each technology has limitations: while TLS offers high accuracy, it is also expensive and time-consuming. Similarly, MLS is relatively costly. On the other hand, iPhone LiDAR and terrestrial photogrammetry are more affordable alternatives; however, the iPhone LiDAR has a limited scanning range, and photogrammetry requires considerable time and expertise for data collection and processing. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate these technologies based on their accuracy in DBH estimation, ease of use, data collection, processing time, and cost within the ideal conditions of a Paulownia plantation (characterized by the absence of understory, level ground, and uniform tree shape and spacing). The aim was to determine whether traditional methods could be replaced with more efficient, quicker, easier, and cost-effective alternatives. Results indicated that TLS, MLS, and photogrammetry provided similar DBH estimation accuracies, with root mean square error (RMSE) values between 0.7 and 0.72 cm and relative RMSE values between 2.87 % and 2.95 %. In contrast, the iPhone LiDAR was the least accurate, with an RMSE of 1.7 cm and an rRMSE of 6.96 %. This study demonstrates that all evaluated technologies offer sufficient accuracy for DBH estimation, although TLS and MLS capture additional parameters at a higher cost. Therefore, TLS is impractical for DBH estimation in plantation environments due to its high cost, time, and labor demands. While less expensive, terrestrial photogrammetry also requires significant time investment and operator expertise. Despite its cost, MLS achieved the best results among all the evaluated technologies and proved to be the fastest and relatively simple. If cost is a concern, the best solution for DBH estimation in an FGT plantation environment would be iPhone LiDAR scanning. It represents the most affordable option with satisfactory accuracy and ease of use.
Čo sa môžeme naučiť z (paleo)limnologického výskumu jazier Strednej Ameriky?
(Limnologický spravodajca, Slovak Limnological Society, 2017-02) Hamerlík, Ladislav

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