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Šesť idiolektov, jeden seriál: komparatívna analýza prekladu vulgarizmov v seriáli Yellowjackets
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Bendík, Lukáš
This study investigates the translation of the English swearword “fuck” and its variants in the Slovak subtitles for the American television series Yellowjackets. Drawing from a corpus of 534 coupled pairs in which the swearword was used, the research examines translation strategies adopted by six translators to explore variations in expressiveness and the use of highly offensive lexis. The analysis shows rather heterogenous approach towards the treatment of offensive language and inconsistency in expressiveness not only between translators but also across different episodes of the series. Such variability can lead to a lack of cohesiveness in characterization and may disrupt viewer immersion, leading to potential dissatisfaction with the viewing experience.
Štrukturalizmus a jeho vplyvy na vybrané oblasti slovenskej lingvistiky
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Chomová, Alexandra
Contemporary Slovak linguistics has built upon the research tradition arising from the field’s earlier stages of development. Modern linguistic trends active since the 1920s have also influenced Slovak linguistics significantly. Based on the examination of scholarly articles from that period, this paper aims to assemble a selection of information related to the establishment of a new linguistic trend – structuralism – in Slovak linguistics in the context of Czechoslovakia. The cultivation of theoretical discussions in the post-war period – connected with the organization of linguistic research in Slovakia – is observed on the basis of contemporary Slovak and Czech linguistic texts on selected linguistic topics written from the 1930s to the 1970s. Apart from that, publications evaluating the presence of structuralism in Slovak linguistics are also examined (e.g. Anton Popovič, Ľubomír Ďurovič, Ján Kačala, Rudolf Krajčovič and František Štraus). The paper focuses on the beginnings of structuralism in Slovak linguistics, devoting attention to the Bratislava Linguistic Circle (1945) and its activities. Views of neogrammarianism and structuralism are observed, for in Slovak linguistics such views influenced the way the Czechoslovak question was perceived, while also informing research into phonology, dialectology, morphology and syntax, as well as lexis and language culture. The paper also traces the impact of particular views on educational practice.
Synchrónne modely a modelovanie urbanoným miest Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Piešťany v povodí rieky Váh
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Odaloš, Pavol
The aim of the paper is to illustrate the modelling process and models of urbanonyms, namely those of Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom and Piešťany cities located in the Váh river basin. The A1 model is used in modelling. This model contains specific onymic signs present in its functional members. The urbanonymic formation has observable tendencies towards honorification and localization. The tendency towards honorification is shown by the glorification of contemporary and historical persons and events. The tendency towards localization retains the older names of the city and city parts and the names of contemporary national or transnational natural sites. Based on the urbanonymic formation norm determined by the presented tendencies, the modelling subsequently yielded mostly two-member models with a predominance of HCH and PÚ functional members. The VL and FA functional members are moderately frequent and the PC and PN functional members are sparse. The most frequent model is A1 = PÚ + Ú, with A1 = HCH + U, A1 = U + HCH, A1 = VL + U and A1 = (U) + PÚ being relatively frequent. Other two-member models are infrequent. One-member models did not occur, and three-member models were sparse. The presented models and modelling process are a contribution to the development of the Czecho-Slovak school of onomastic modelling.
Les expressions verbales avec la gueule dans le corpus French Web 2020 (Sketch Engine)
(Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2024) Ráčková, Lucia
This paper focuses on verbal expressions with la gueule as an object. As part of slangology and identity studies, for this comparative linguistic analysis two similarly distributed expressions in the web corpus of current French have been chosen: (se) bourrer la gueule and (se) péter la gueule. To elaborate on the meanings of these expressions, the corpus linguistics method with the help of the Sketch Engine software was used, focusing on both dictionaries and pragmalinguistic meanings. Applying the inverted pyramid principle, three blogs with the most slang verbal expressions were selected as the main research area. Given that blogs are a new form of digital writing, characterised by topicality and a strong anchoring of the linguistic identity of individuals, it was decided to use blogs for the purposes of the research. The research found that the lexemes (se) bourrer la gueule and (se) péter la gueule are not limited to blogs, but can be found within commercial and entertainment sites as well. Moreover, in addition to many semantic variations of these two expressions found in dictionaries, speakers very often associate (se) bourrer la gueule with getting drunk and (se) péter la gueule with hitting/breaking your face. Another meaning for se bourrer la gueule which can be observed in the language of bloggers is to give one's opponents a hard time. The other meanings of (se) péter la gueule are more diverse. Depending on the context, the lexeme can mean also to fall, to have one's head blown off/be killed, to sleep with someone, to cheat, or to slip. The research results could be used further particularly in sociolinguistics as well as in sociolinguistic studies and the analysis of digital discourse.
Urbanonymá mesta Zvolen. Ich modely a modelovanie
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Gondeková, Veronika
The subject of the paper is the modelling and models of the names of urbanonyms of the city of Zvolen according to the modelling scheme of P. Odaloš. The aim of the study is to determine the models and semantic fields of urbanonyms in the research sample. The research sample consists of 132 urbanonyms of the city of Zvolen. In the modelling we use the A1 model, which is formed by functional members, namely the functional member U - urbanonynum (denotes the type of onymic relation), and the functional members HCh - honorific characteristic, FL - flora, VL - feature, PU - belonging to the territory, and FA - fauna. These functional members denote additional semantic features. The models of urbanonyms consist of 5 semantic fields, the most numerous being the semantic field (U) + HCh, which contains up to 82 urbanonyms. The most frequent models are A1 = (U) + HCh (72), A1 = FL + (U) (16), A1 = VL (U) (13). Modeling scheme of P. Odaloš is based on the knowledge of Slovak and Czech onomastics and elaborates the Slovak and Czech tradition of onomastic modelling.
Teória modelovania na príklade urbanoným dvoch gemerských miest
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Rožai, Gabriel
In the study, we pay attention to the model analysis of urbanonyms. The aim of the contribution is to describe, compare, and typologize the onymic models of standardized urbanonyms of two Slovak towns located in the Gemer region: Rožňava and Revúca. During the analysis, we focus attention on the nature of the model structure and the number of onymic models and types of onymic models of the investigated group of proper nouns, as well as on the types, frequency representation, and lexical rendering of the functional members characterizing the analyzed models. The analysis clarifies the characteristic features of the naming of the examined subcategory of toponyms, which can be further specified and typologically defined when comparing them with models of other subcategories of the onymic group of toponyms.
Sociolinguistic aspects of gender-(in)sensitive language in English and Slovak
(Severo-osetinskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni Kosta Levanoviča Chetagurova : Vladikavkaz, 2024) Pondelíková, Ivana; Štulajterová, Alena
The paper dwells upon the study of sociological and linguistic aspects of gender-(in)sensitive language in English and Slovak. Gender stereotypes and their consequences in society, culture, and language are presented as a central theme, therefore in the initial chapter, the paper outlines gender socialisation and gender stereotypes in behaviour in general. The traditional division of roles in society influences the division of spheres in which both genders used to be realised: a public sphere for men and a private sphere for wom- en. One way to achieve gender balance in society is using gender-sensitive policy through gender-sensitive language. Gender-insensitive language is most evident in the use of generic masculine, where the masculine gender is preferred when addressing or titling people. Similarly, the use of the masculine gender is predominant when referring to persons, under which both men and women are generally classified according to professions, functions and relationships. The aim of this paper is to highlight the declining tendencies of gender insensitive language on the one hand, as well as some persistent tendencies of the predominance of the masculine element in language on the other. So, the core of the paper is focused on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of ex- pressions beginning with lexical morphemes “man” and “woman”. Our research revealed that there is still a strong dominance of the masculine element in terms of both quantity and quality. Nevertheless, one positive tendency may be observed in recent years as there are new tendencies to replace masculine nominal expres- sions with their collective equivalents addressed both to male and female audiences.
Stilpón z Megár medzi sokratikou a helenizmom
(Filozofický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied : Bratislava, 2025) Cepko, Jaroslav
Ancient sources depict the so-called Megarian school in two seemingly contrasting ways: on the one hand, as eristic and dialectic, and on the other, as a continuation of the Socratic ethical orientation in philosophy. The figure of Stilpo of Megara serves as an outstanding example of how these two aspects complement and condition one another. This study focuses on the analysis of selected fragments, specifically Stilpo’s critique of non-tautological predication, as well as his response to criticisms concerning the immoral behavior of his daughter. Both cases are based on the premise that it is impossible to predicate “one thing of another.” Stilpo’s dialectical strategies, which challenge certain ontological and linguistic assumptions, thus also functioned as ethical exercises aimed at achieving inner stability. It makes him a bridge between Socratic inquiry and Stoic and Pyrrhonian philosophy and a key figure in the transition to the Hellenistic period.
Pedagogical grammar as a frame concept for research in the field of foreign language teaching methods. Part 17. Linguistic and pedagogical grammar
(Charkivskij nacionaľnij universitet im. V. N. Karazina : Charkov, 2025) Chernovatyi, Leonid
The article deals with the correlation between linguistic (LG) and pedagogical (PG) grammars. The author considers LG as a set of data from all existing linguistic theories, and PG as information about the conditions and ways of performing grammatical actions in the process of their acquisition in the classroom. Analysing this general problem, the author outlines the range of questions that need to be answered in the course of his study. Is there a single theory of LG that can independently provide a basis for designing an adequate PG? What is the relationship between the amount and content of LG and PG information? Does the amount and type of PG depend on specific learning objectives and conditions? What are the best ways of presenting PG information for its effective use in the learning process? What factors influence the choice of presentation method? Should the structure of the PG reflect the structure of the LG? What factors influence the order in which grammatical phenomena are introduced in the process of acquiring the relevant grammatical actions in the classroom, and what determines the way in which such phenomena are grouped into organisational units of the course material (topics, units, etc.)? Having outlined the scope of these questions, in this paper the author analyses the potential of several LG models: traditional, structural, transformational and case grammar. In the authorʼs view, the traditional model of grammar, which has been used in language teaching for centuries, remains a good source of information about the surface structure of a language, but it may lack data about its functional aspect. Although structural grammar, which served as the basis for the audiolingual method, has been much criticised, the failures of this method are more related to the inadequacy of the underlying psychological model. While the potential of the transformational and case models of grammar is assessed positively, the paper considers them too complex to be used in the classroom without additional processing. Based on the conclusions, the author outlines the prospects for further research.
Ethos discursif et identités citoyennes dans la presse française pendant la pandémie du Covid-19 à travers les éditoriaux du quotidien Le Monde
(Wydawnictwo Naukowego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu : Poznań, 2024) Ráčková, Lucia; Schmitt, François
The ethos of the journalist is based on his representations of the public space. Updated in the discourse, they participate in the construction of citizen identity. This is what we show through an enunciative analysis of editorials from the daily “Le Monde” during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The analysis highlights an increasingly marked identity divide during the crisis.
Podoby viacjazyčnosti v rukopisných kázňach Izáka Abrahamidesa Hrochotského
(Slovenská akadémia vied : Bratislava, 2024) Maliniak, Pavol
Isaac Abrahamides, using the predicate Hrochotius, was one of the leading figures of the Reformation in Upper Hungary at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. A large manuscript collection of his sermons has been preserved from the period 1600-1601, when Abrahamides was an evangelical preacher in Zvolen. The main language of the sermons is Slovakized Czech, accompanied by frequent passages in Latin. In addition, Germanisms and Hungarisms are also present in the Czech text. The language is also supplemented by glosses in Greek and Hebrew. The study notes the context in which the different languages were used and focuses on the rhetorical practices of the preacher. Compares the role of developed literary languages with the living vernacular that facilitated understanding for sermon audiences.
Intertextuality in the works of émigré writers of the twentieth century
(Universidade Católica de Petrópolis : Petrópolis, 2024) Zhovtani, Ruslana; Lizoň, Martin; Shekhavtsova, Svitlana; Lobachova, Iryna; Pedchenko, Svitlana; Komlyk, Nataliia
The article delves into the intricate web of intertextual interactions within the literary works of Ukrainian émigré writers from the twentieth century. These interactions span a spectrum, ranging from superficial incorporation of elements to profound interweaving of texts. This study introduces, for the first time, the concept of the writer's intertextual poetics. The exploration of this concept unfolds along both diachronic and synchronic dimensions, providing a comprehensive perspective on the author's work and its intertextual nuances. The examination of émigré writers' works through the lens of intertextuality contributes to the theoretical framework of Ukrainian literary studies in the context of intertextual communications. Moreover, this approach broadens the scope of research on literary heritage, elucidating its role in the intricate tapestry of Ukrainian and European cultural and literary dialogues during the early twentieth century. The article addresses the fundamental theoretical dimensions of intertext. The author conducts an analysis of the definitions of the terms "intertext" and "intertextuality" within the framework of contemporary literary concepts. Emphasis is placed on the role of intertext as a pivotal mechanism in the interpretation of a literary text, concurrently functioning as a historical source, a "text within a text," and a specific informational code contributing to the creation of a novel literary composition. The author specifically directs attention to the intricacies involved in the development of the "author's intertext," underscoring its role not only in the origination of unique literary images but also in the modification of historical events. This approach is designed to accentuate national identity and the distinctiveness of the Ukrainian people. Ukrainian émigré writers employ intertextuality as a tool to reproduce literary motifs from previously crafted works, employing techniques such as quotation and allusion. Various facets of intertextuality are explored, encompassing its utilization as a playful element, a historical and chronological code, and other modifications. This comprehensive examination aims to shed light on the multifaceted roles and applications of intertextuality within the realm of literary expression.
Komplementarita výskumov jazykovej krajiny a onomastiky
(Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Języka Polskiego : Kraków, 2024) Krško, Jaromír
The paper is devoted to the mutual complementarity of onomastic and sociolinguistic research of the linguistic landscape in Slovakia. The paper focuses on the analysis of anthroponyms as part of memorial plaques, official boards of local government, as well as advertising billboards and banners. A large part of onomastics has been focusing on research of urbanonymy, mainly anthroponymic dedi- cation titles and their naming process after 1989, as well as on company names — logonyms. Unlike onomastics, sociolinguistics focuses also on visual and semiotic aspects of logonyms. Anthroponyms represent a part of graduation tableaux, which enter the linguistic landscape before the graduation exams. Up to the present day, the study of gravestones as an area of the linguistic landscape has been only narrowly explored. In a bilingual environment, they pose a very colorful sample not only from a diachronic but also from a synchronic perspective. Besides onomastic research, expanded research on the linguistic landscape not only enables the analysis of the formal structure of proper names but also family relationships of the deceased expressed through certain formal signs found on gravestones.
Komentáre k vybraným zlomkom Eukleida z Megár
(Filozofický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied : Bratislava, 2025) Kalaš, Andrej; Cepko, Jaroslav; Suvák, Vladislav
Selected fragments of Euclid of Megara concentrate on the testimonies that modern historians consider important for our efforts to reconstruct the early phase of the so-called Megarian Socratic school. Three of the fragments in this selection come from the doxographer Diogenes Laertius, who takes them from earlier Peripatetic and Alexandrian sources (fragments SSR II A 30, SSR II A 32, and SSR II A 34, according to Giannantoni’s edition); the fourth fragment comes from Cicero (SSR II A 31). The main method in the interpretation of the fragments is a hermeneutical reading of the text and the context, based on linguistic analysis and comparison of the various theses attributed to Euclid with the corpus of Socratic literature as well as with Hellenistic philosophy. The purpose of this paper is not to provide an interpretation of the fragments, but to review the basic strategies of modern historians in interpreting these testimonies, so that the reader can get a comprehensive picture of how the fragments have been interpreted in the last two centuries.
The Perlmann crisis of the academic world
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG : Cham, 2025) Šedíková Čuhová, Paulína; Kubealaková, Martina
The article discusses the crisis of academia depicted in the novel Perlmanns Schweigen by Pascal Mercier (1995; Eng. trans. Perlmann’s Silence, 2012). It also examines the question of the novel’s genre classification. Perlmann’s burnout is represented by a web of motifs – such as losing one’s sense of purpose in regard to teaching and research work, competitive struggles such as popularity contests and number of publications, the inaccessible nature of the humanities, the commercialization of research, the contradiction between the philosophy of science and the practice of research work. We consider these to be distinctive because in the 1990s the repeating motifs unmasked the internal decay of the academic tradition along with the identity of the academic teacher or professor. It showed how the academic environment reacts to new trends in university education by distorting academic values and scientific research. In effect, this problem emerged because quality was exchanged for quantity, scientific respectability for social prestige and popularity. Thus the motifs are specifically concerned with the decline caused by the capitalization of academia, research work, and the subsequent thinking of teachers within the profession.
Sight-translation strategies and quality. Part 2. The impact of directionality
(Hryhorii Skovoroda University : Perejaslav, 2025) Chernovatyi, Leonid; Djovčoš, Martin; Kovalchuk, Natalia
Aim. The aim of this second part of the psycholinguistic research in the language pair Slovak-English is to determine the influence of directionality on the generation of the target text (TT) and its delivery by comparing the sight translation (SiT) of student interpreters from their native language (NL) into a foreign language (FL) and vice versa. Procedure. The participants, seven Slovak university graduates, sight-translated a non-specialised 272-word text from FL (English) into NL (Slovak). Their TTs were then compared with the TTs of the same students in the first series of the study where they translated a non-specialised 250-word text from NL (Slovak) into FL (English). The comparison was based on the following parameters: the rate of TT delivery, the degree of retention of ST information in the TT (based on the comparative proportions of omissions and major errors), the quality of TT delivery (as measured by the relative percentage of unmotivated pauses), and the respective ratio of surface-oriented (SurfOS) and sense-oriented (SensOS) translation strategies in the two directions of SiT. Results. Delivery in the FL–NL SiT was 1.5 times faster than in the NL–FL direction. The FL–NL SiT is characterised by a better retention of ST information. The proportion of omissions in the FL–NL SiT is 1.7 times lower and the number of major errors 7 times lower than in the NL–FL direction, which allows for a higher lexical accuracy of the TT in the FL–NL SiT. In the FL–NL direction, the correlation between the surface-oriented (SurfOS) and the sense-oriented (SensOS) translation strategies is more flexible and less dependent on the ST structure. For the same reason, the quality of TT delivery in the FL–NL direction is better, which is reflected in fewer long hesitations and TT repairs. Conclusion. Directionality is a factor influencing SiT efficiency. The conclusion about the dominance of the SurfOS strategy in FL–NL SiT should not be taken literally. SiT is not a mechanical substitution of target language equivalents for ST words, but a process of intensive intellectual activity related to ST processing and TT synthesis.
Développer la compétence interculturelle de l’apprenant à travers la littérature francophone translingue d’exil et de migration
(Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2024) Schmitt, François
L’article défend les avantages de l’introduction de la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration dans l’enseignement du français langue étrangère (FLE) pour développer la compétence interculturelle de l’apprenant à travers une réflexion sur son expérience de l’altérité. Les bienfaits de la littérature en classe de FLE ne sont plus à démontrer. Les textes littéraires peuvent d’abord servir de supports pour travailler la langue. Du point de vue anthropologique, la littérature fournit aussi à l’apprenant des clés de lecture l’aidant à mieux comprendre la culture cible. Enfin, elle permet de développer sa compétence interculturelle à travers l’expérience de l’altérité que procure la lecture. Sur ce point, la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration possède un potentiel supérieur aux autres œuvres littéraires dans la mesure où l’altérité constitue la fibre même de l’écriture translingue. Définie comme une littérature écrite dans une autre langue que la langue maternelle de l’écrivain dont l’activité littéraire est en outre en partie motivée par son expérience de l’exil, la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration présente, à travers l’expérience de l’altérité, de nombreux points communs avec l’apprentissage des langues. C’est donc la problématique de l’altérité qui constitue le fil conducteur d’une exploitation en classe de FLE de la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration pour développer la compétence interculturelle de l’apprenant. Pour ce faire, l’article propose trois activités pédagogiques à partir d’extraits d’œuvres translingues centrées sur les principales composantes de la compétence interculturelle : les attitudes positives d’ouverture vers l’autre, l’esprit de tolérance et d’acceptation de l’autre, le recul interculturel et la décentration.
Influence of the global health crisis on health behaviour and adoption of complementary and alternative medicine
(Sociologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied : Bratislava, 2025) Hofreiter, Roman; Souček, Ivan
Influence of the Global Health Crisis on Health Behaviour and Adoption of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Various studies indicate that the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in European nations has either shown an upward trend or remained stable in recent years. Representing a significant global health crisis, COVID-19 has increased the urgency of monitoring the use of various CAM modalities. Some sociological perspectives on the use of CAM in Slovakia reveal that perceptions of CAM in Slovakia have undergone different stages. Our objective was to analyse the patterns and changes in CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) usage among the Slovakian population from 2019 to 2023. Therefore, we replicated a similar survey from the year 2019 to the year 2023. In 2019, 82.4% of the participants, totalling 846 (N = 1027) individuals, reported regular use of a certain type of CAM. By contrast, in 2023, the figure rose to 90.3%, with 916 (N = 1014) respondents indicating regular CAM usage. The whole medical system (WMS) was identified as the CAM subgroup with the highest growth in users. The use of CAM is now regarded as a mainstream and normalized approach to addressing health-related concerns and is no longer considered uncommon or marginalized.
Understanding vaccine scepticism among complementary and alternative medicine users: A comprehensive mixed-methods investigation
(Elsevier B.V. : Amsterdam, 2025) Souček, Ivan; Hofreiter, Roman; Koza Beňová, Kamila
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been widely recognized as a potential contributor to the emergence of vaccine scepticism and refusal. However, a direct correlation between trust in CAM and vaccine scepticism is still a matter of discussion. The objective of this study is to explore the multidimensional factors that explain the association between CAM usage and vaccine scepticism. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to examine whether visiting CAM practitioners directly contributes to vaccine scepticism and to identify whether antivaccination attitudes are caused by other social, and cultural factors. These findings support the idea that CAM users tend to exhibit more vaccine scepticism compared to non-users. However, preferring a holistic health model, individual autonomy, and a negative perception of biomedicine representatives emerged as more influential factors in understanding the connection between the prevalence of CAM utilization and vaccine scepticism. Taken together, these results suggest that CAM itself is not the direct predictor of vaccine scepticism. To build trust between the population and vaccines, this information can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at strategies to improve healthcare services and develop the soft skills of medical doctors.
Lexika slovenských nárečí v celoslovanskom kontexte. Príspevok ku konfrontačnému slavistickému výskumu Antona Habovštiaka
(Slovenská akadémia vied : Bratislava, 2024) Rožai, Gabriel
This paper presents the results and clarifies the scientific contribution of A. Habovštiak’s confrontational Slavic research focused on the lexicon Slovak dialects in the Slavic context, which he presented in numerous articles published in domestic and foreign scientific journals and proceedings and later in a summarized form in the monograph Zo slovensko-slovanských lexikálnych vzťahov (so zreteľom na lingvistickú geografiu) [From Slovak-Slavic Lexical Relations (with Regard to Linguistic Geography)] from 1993. With an emphasis on the Slovak-Slavic context, we can summarise that the author significantly contributed to the discussions about defining the place of Slovak in the group of Slavic languages, shed light on its West Slavic character and its relations with South Slavic and East Slavic languages, pointed to the peculiar development of the Slovak lexical fund and on the special continuity of the Slovak dialect lexicon with its Proto-Slavic linguistic origin.

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