08 Články v časopisoch

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Reading between the lines: the potential and limitations of AI in "interpreting" figurative language
(Ekonomická univerzita v Bratislave, 2024) Javorčíková, Jana; Pondelíková, Ivana; Gramanich Štromajer, Richard
This study explores AI's potential in analyzing figurative language (similes) within Margaret Atwood's short story "There Was Once," (1992), using ChatGPT 3.5 to identify and “interpret” them. The research proved AI excels in recognizing standard simile structures (e.g. as pretty as a picture) but struggles with nuanced variations, critical for humor in literature. While enhancing speed and efficiency, AI offers insights into simile roles, yet requires human oversight for accurate interpretation and contextual understanding. The findings highlight AI's promise as a tool for processing large blocks of texts but underscore the ongoing necessity of human involvement to navigate figurative language's complexities effectively.
Teória modelovania na príklade urbanoným dvoch gemerských miest
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Rožai, Gabriel
In the study, we pay attention to the model analysis of urbanonyms. The aim of the contribution is to describe, compare, and typologize the onymic models of standardized urbanonyms of two Slovak towns located in the Gemer region: Rožňava and Revúca. During the analysis, we focus attention on the nature of the model structure and the number of onymic models and types of onymic models of the investigated group of proper nouns, as well as on the types, frequency representation, and lexical rendering of the functional members characterizing the analyzed models. The analysis clarifies the characteristic features of the naming of the examined subcategory of toponyms, which can be further specified and typologically defined when comparing them with models of other subcategories of the onymic group of toponyms.
Folklore tradition as a means of comparing linguistic worldview
(Surgutskij gosudarstvennyj pedagogičeskij universitet, 2024) Liashuk, Viktoria
The article examines the connection between folklore tradition and linguistic tradition, which is observed in folklore texts of all genres and different degrees of written mastering. The relevance of the article relates to combining the perspective of folklore and linguistic tradition when comparing fragments of linguistic worldviews. The author’s arguments is based on the fact that all known folklore texts published by folklore collectors reflect the choice of representative versions in accordance with the native speaker’s idea of the linguistic means exemplary use in a certain folklore genre. Thus the folklore tradition is reflected in the written form not only spontaneously, but as a value understood by the publisher, presented both in direct linguistic reflection and in its reinterpretation. The author compares Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Slovak versions of famous tales about animals and proves that the linguistic worldview as reflected in the language of a certain way of perception and structure of the world can be traced in its systemic and at the same time fragmentary component of the folklore text. In this case, the specificity of the folklore tradition in the linguistic worldview allows us to identify common and distinctive folklore, linguistic, figurative, genre, text-forming standards. The author comes to the conclusion about synthetism and conceptual axiological aspect of comparison, which receives an intercultural interpretation.
Dame mit rotem Sonnenschirm (ein Beispiel für den Einsatz von linguistic landscape im (Fremdsprachen-) Unterricht)
(Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2024) Molnárová, Eva
Linguistic Landscape is one of the relatively young, but already established, fields of applied linguistics. However, its use in the classroom has been slow in coming. This article is a continuation of our didactic studies on the use of LL in the classroom. The aim of this article is to present the potential of artistically designed signs, which represent the possibility of extending language teaching to include education through art.
Obraz postsovietskej spoločnosti v mnohohlasnom literárnom spomínaní
(Študentská historická spoločnosť pri Katedre histórie FF UMB v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Dulovics, Denis
Text analyzuje obraz postsovietskej spoločnosti na základe knihy Svetlany Alexijevič Časy zo second handu, ktorá prostredníctvom mnohovrstevných výpovedí zachytáva prechod od sovietskej k postsovietskej identite. Text sa zameriava na premeny kultúrnej a komunikačnej pamäti, ich vzájomné ovplyvňovanie a úlohu pri formovaní kolektívnej identity po rozpade Sovietskeho zväzu. Vychádza z predpokladu, že pamäť nie je statická, ale rekonštruovaná v závislosti od aktuálnych spoločenských rámcov. Analýza poukazuje na rozdielne prežitky a emócie jednotlivcov, ktoré sa pohybujú od nostalgie po sklamanie a hnev, pričom spoločným menovateľom je dezorientácia a strata oporných bodov. Špecifická naratívna metóda Alexijevič umožňuje odhaliť kontradikcie v individuálnych spomienkach a zároveň vytvoriť mozaiku kolektívnej skúsenosti, čím sa otvára priestor pre diskusiu o limitoch a možnostiach historického poznania postsovietskeho človeka.
Slovak reflections on the August 1944 coup in Romania and its impact on the Slovak National Uprising
(Romanian Academy : Bukurešť, 2024) Syrný, Marek
In July and August 1944, the former dominion and stability of the Third Reich began to shake at its foundations. First, a new front opened up in Western Europe and Germany began to fall into the Allies’ encircling pincers. Shortly thereafter, an unsuccessful attempt to change Hitler’s government took place, and a highly successful Soviet offensive was underway, which in a matter of weeks pushed the Red Army hundreds of miles closer to Berlin. The most decisive, however, was still August 1944, when as many as four major uprisings or coups took place in territories controlled or occupied by Germany. After the urban uprisings in Warsaw or Paris, there was a major reversal in Romania and, shortly afterwards, a broader uprising in Slovakia. This paper will address the possible inspiration of the Romanian coup for the decision and the developments in Slovakia at the end of August 1944. It will focus on Romania’s and Slovakia’s position in the German great power system up to that time. It will analyze the dilemmas of pro-German governments facing the prospect of a Soviet invasion of their country and of an overall German defeat. In particular, however, it attempts to answer the central question of the possible effects of the Romanian coup on the development of the situation in Slovakia in the context of the Slovak National Uprising.
Anglicizmus startup a jeho deriváty vo frankofónnom mediálnom diskurze na pozadí expresívnej lexiky
(Lingvokulturologické a prekladateľsko-tlmočnícke centrum excelentnosti pri Filozofickej fakulte Prešovskej univerzity, 2024) Veselá, Dagmar
Odborný termín startup, ktorým sa označuje mladý, inovatívny a rýchlo sa rozvíjajúci podnik s vysokým potenciálom rastu, predstavuje z hľadiska lexikálnej motivácie (Furdík, 2008) výpožičku prevzatú z angloamerického jazykového prostredia. V súčasnosti sa zaraďuje medzi pomerne frekventované „interlingválne motivované“ (Ološtiak – Gianitsová-Ološtiaková, 2018, s. 32) jednotky slovnej zásoby a v mediálnom diskurze na Slovensku, ako aj vo Francúzsku a iných frankofónnych krajinách sa teší mimoriadnej obľube aj napriek existencii francúzskeho ekvivalentu jeune pousse (cf. graf 1). Ten bol vytvorený s cieľom poskytnúť frankofónnemu používateľovi jazyka významovo priezračný termín s využitím slovotvorných prostriedkov vlastných francúzštine a zároveň zatlačiť do úzadia exogénny jazykový prvok, alebo prinajmenšom zmierniť frekvenciu jeho používania.
Neologizmy utvorené afixáciou vo francúzskych mediálnych textoch
(Lingvokulturologické a prekladateľsko-tlmočnícke centrum excelentnosti pri Filozofickej fakulte Prešovskej univerzity, 2024) Ráčková, Lucia
Neologizmy sú nové slová, ktoré obohacujú súčasný jazyk. Tvoria sa mnohorakými spôsobmi. Vo francúzskom lingvistickom kontexte sa typológiou ich vzniku zaoberal predovšetkým tím profesora Sablayrollesa (Cartier – Sablayrolles – Boutmagharine et al., 2018) z Univerzity Sorbonne Paris-Nord. Podľa Cartiera et al. (2018) sa neologické jednotky rozdeľujú na: 1. formálne (néologismes de forme) a sémantické (néologismes de sens); 2. na výpožičky z iných jazykov (emprunts). Afixálne utvorené neologizmy k základovému slovu pripájajú slovotvorný formant, vytvárajúci zo slovotvorného základu novú lexikálnu jednotku. V kontexte predkladaného výskumu ide o afix, predponu – prefix alebo príponu – sufix. Cieľom tejto štúdie je objasniť produktivitu afixálnych prostriedkov pri tvorbe nových lexikálnych jednotiek vo francúzskom jazyku v období koronakrízy. Zisťujeme, ktoré prefixy a sufixy boli v súčasnej francúzštine najproduktívnejšie. Išlo o slová s novým rozšíreným významom už existujúcich lexikálnych jednotiek, sémantické neologizmy (néologismes de sens) alebo o nové slovné tvary, formálne neologizmy (néologismes de forme)? Viacerí autori (Mok, 1964; Dolbec, 1988; Guilbert, 1989; Jalenques, 2000, 2001, 2002; Apothéloz, 2005; Weill, 2009; Petraş, 2017) skúmali vo svojich prácach produktivitu skupiny prefixov r-, re-, ré-. Zameriavali sa predovšetkým na možnosti odvodzovania slov vo verbách. Na základe ich zistení sa domnievame, že prefix re- a jeho alomorfy r-, ré- sa významne podieľali na utváraní neologizmov v krízovej lexike používanej počas pandémie COVID-19.
Štrukturalizmus a jeho vplyvy na vybrané oblasti slovenskej lingvistiky
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Chomová, Alexandra
Contemporary Slovak linguistics has built upon the research tradition arising from the field’s earlier stages of development. Modern linguistic trends active since the 1920s have also influenced Slovak linguistics significantly. Based on the examination of scholarly articles from that period, this paper aims to assemble a selection of information related to the establishment of a new linguistic trend – structuralism – in Slovak linguistics in the context of Czechoslovakia. The cultivation of theoretical discussions in the post-war period – connected with the organization of linguistic research in Slovakia – is observed on the basis of contemporary Slovak and Czech linguistic texts on selected linguistic topics written from the 1930s to the 1970s. Apart from that, publications evaluating the presence of structuralism in Slovak linguistics are also examined (e.g. Anton Popovič, Ľubomír Ďurovič, Ján Kačala, Rudolf Krajčovič and František Štraus). The paper focuses on the beginnings of structuralism in Slovak linguistics, devoting attention to the Bratislava Linguistic Circle (1945) and its activities. Views of neogrammarianism and structuralism are observed, for in Slovak linguistics such views influenced the way the Czechoslovak question was perceived, while also informing research into phonology, dialectology, morphology and syntax, as well as lexis and language culture. The paper also traces the impact of particular views on educational practice.
Šesť idiolektov, jeden seriál: komparatívna analýza prekladu vulgarizmov v seriáli Yellowjackets
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Bendík, Lukáš
This study investigates the translation of the English swearword “fuck” and its variants in the Slovak subtitles for the American television series Yellowjackets. Drawing from a corpus of 534 coupled pairs in which the swearword was used, the research examines translation strategies adopted by six translators to explore variations in expressiveness and the use of highly offensive lexis. The analysis shows rather heterogenous approach towards the treatment of offensive language and inconsistency in expressiveness not only between translators but also across different episodes of the series. Such variability can lead to a lack of cohesiveness in characterization and may disrupt viewer immersion, leading to potential dissatisfaction with the viewing experience.
Urbanonymá mesta Zvolen. Ich modely a modelovanie
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Gondeková, Veronika
The subject of the paper is the modelling and models of the names of urbanonyms of the city of Zvolen according to the modelling scheme of P. Odaloš. The aim of the study is to determine the models and semantic fields of urbanonyms in the research sample. The research sample consists of 132 urbanonyms of the city of Zvolen. In the modelling we use the A1 model, which is formed by functional members, namely the functional member U - urbanonynum (denotes the type of onymic relation), and the functional members HCh - honorific characteristic, FL - flora, VL - feature, PU - belonging to the territory, and FA - fauna. These functional members denote additional semantic features. The models of urbanonyms consist of 5 semantic fields, the most numerous being the semantic field (U) + HCh, which contains up to 82 urbanonyms. The most frequent models are A1 = (U) + HCh (72), A1 = FL + (U) (16), A1 = VL (U) (13). Modeling scheme of P. Odaloš is based on the knowledge of Slovak and Czech onomastics and elaborates the Slovak and Czech tradition of onomastic modelling.
Vladimír Vernadskij o nemecko-rakúskej okupácii Ukrajiny v roku 1918
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Syč, Oleksandr; Šmigeľ, Michal
The article deals with the diaries as an important narrative source for historians in their study of the past. The diaries are a very peculiar type of source that is different from memoirs. Usually, the author writes his memoirs about the events that he lived through many years ago or he witnessed in the past. It is naturally that with the flow of time he may forget about something, miss something or recall something incorrectly; moreover, as it is known, in memoirs events of the past are reflected with a hindsight and that is why they do not always accurately reflect the feelings of the author at the time when these events took place. People’s attitudes towards the events can also change as the years go by. Moreover, human memory is very much selective. Unlike memoirs, the diaries allow us to understand the attitude of a particular human being to the surrounding world and contemporary events when he or she wrote about them. This has enormous value for the researcher. The diaries, as a type of historical document, are important precisely because they provide us not only with object of a historical process, in other words, what is being described, but also with insights about their authors who are present not as abstract depersonalized subjects of this process, but as living human beings with their merits and shortcomings, with their convictions and moods, their dreams and concerns. Moreover, the diaries provide unique material for the study of social psychology of people in concrete historical period. The author of diaries, which became the object of our attention, was Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskyi (1863-1945), an outstanding Russian 20th century naturalist, geologist, biogeochemist, thinker and winner of the Stalin Prize, academician, creator of the doctrine of the biosphere, its evolution and transformation into the noosphere, who was one of the founders of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and its first President, as well as the founder of the National Library of Ukraine. Their main value of his diaries, in our opinion, is that they help to feel the atmosphere of the dramatic events of October Revolution and Civil War in Russia and Ukraine, allows us to restore the spirit of the revolutionary stormy years in all its tragedy and contradictions. As for the content of the great scientist’s diaries, a significant part of them consists of the facts of his personal life., but also a lot of space is devoted to his impressions and reflections on political events, in particular about the German and the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Ukraine in 1918. In his diaries, a negative attitude towards the Bolsheviks and socialist ideology, non-acceptance of manifestations of Ukrainian nationalism, and condemnation of the talentless policy of the Central Rada can be clearly traced.
Gender similarities and differences in selected personality characteristics of (future) interpreters
(Nitra : Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Hodáková, Soňa; Melicherčíková, Miroslava
The paper presents the results of research on the selected personality characteristics of professional interpreters and interpreting students, with a specific focus on gender differences. The characteristics studied were anxiety (measured by STAI) and achievement motivation (measured by AMI). The results of our research show that women (n=33) are characterized by higher anxiety compared to men (n=10). Regarding motivation, women (n=31) in our research were also characterized by statistically significant higher pride in productivity, status orientation, and competitiveness compared to men (n=10). However, these differences in personality characteristics do not cause significant differences in interpreting performance between men and women.
Rediscovery of Innu past in the contemporary Canadian literature
(Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, 2024) Pecníková, Jana
Since 2019, we have been observing an interesting phenomenon in contemporary Canadian literature, it is a rediscovery of the indigenous Innu past through literary stories. We cannot claim that this topic was not present before, but nowadays it is acquiring more attention and has also attracted increased interest from readers. The aim of the paper is to look deeper at a social-critical dimension and cultural memory kept in a chosen book Kukum by Michel Jean, and to depict a deeper layer of the Canadian cultural landscape.
Pitfalls of the industrialization of selected regions of Central Slovakia in the first four decades of the 20th century
(Ostrava : Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2024) Mičko, Peter; Mičková, Zuzana
The industrialization of an initially rural country is an important phenomenon and can answer the question of the region’s economic development in a given period. Industrialization is a factor that affects the entire socio-economic character of the country, such as the construction of cities and transport, and it can also affect agricultural production. All these factors have a retroactive effect on industrial development. Within the economic field, agriculture has traditionally been dominant in the Slovak territory. The mentioned factor started to change in the last third of the 19 th century, when representatives in the Kingdom of Hungary tried to develop the industrialization of the originally rural country. Naturally, the process of increased industrialization affected the territory of present-day Slovakia as well.
Zastosuvanňa informacijno-komunikacijnych technolohij u navčanni inozemnych mov ta perekladu: napriamy doslidžeň
(Charkov : Charkivskij nacionaľnij universitet im. V. N. Karazina, 2024) Kovalchuk, Natalia
The article provides a comparative analysis of 27 studies carried out over the last five years on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education, the application of ICT in education and the utilisation of machine translation (MT) in the teaching of foreign languages and translation. It outlines the trends identified by these studies, the achievements to date and the most promising areas for further research. The main areas identified were: the theoretical justification for the use of ICT; the comparative effectiveness of different MT systems, on the one hand, and human translators, on the other; the assessment of students’ target texts taking into account their degree of independence from MT; the role of post-editing in the teaching of foreign languages and translation and the methodology of its application in the teaching process; the role of ICT in the translation industry and its impact on the content of training programmes and curricula for future translators. The analysis showed that there is a considerable lack of sufficient research in the first area, as well as contradictory results in the remaining three (discrepancies in the evaluation of the translation efficiency of different MT systems and of MT compared to humans; unavailability of an effective and economical methodology for the evaluation of texts produced with the use of MT; the absence of a rational methodology for the application of post-editing at different stages of training and under different conditions). The author highlights the positive attitude of the translation industry towards ICT and the significant gap between its needs and the content of the training of future translators. The most promising directions for further research are outlined. These include, in particular: developing a methodology for the formation of skills included in the model of technological competence of a future translator; clarifying the comparative effectiveness of different MT systems and their potential areas of application; specifying the differences between machine and human translation and determining their optimal correlation in translator training and translation practice; identifying the optimal proportion of MT in the content of translator training and ways of evaluating texts translated using MT; developing a model for the effective integration of post-editing into the content of training; investigating ways of increasing the influence of the translation industry on the content of translator training.
Sovětská percepce československé exilové politiky v letech 1941-1943
(Praha : Historický ústav AV ČR, 2024) Pinchuk, Vera
Based on archival sources, materials published in collections of documents, memoirs, and scientific works, the article examines the Soviet perception of Czechoslovak emigration policy. It is dedicated to the development of Czechoslovak- Soviet relations in the period 1941–1943, from the recognition of the Czechoslovak government in exile to the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Post-War Cooperation with the government of the Soviet Union on 12 December 1943. The article examines the place of the Czechoslovak government in London in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, as well as the factors that influenced the change in the USSR’s position towards the Czechoslovak government in exile during this period.
Haiku in Slovak poetry
(Nitra : Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Urbanová, Eva
Haiku, the Japanese form of poetry from the 17th century, has not only spread around the globe, but is considered one of the most popular types of poetry ever. This paper briefly deals with haiku’s penetration into Slovak literature around 1989, when the publishing space opened up for less traditional poetic genres as well. Furthermore, it examines typical principles of haiku and explains their meaning, since they cannot be considered exclusively formal criteria. In particular, the paper focuses on the well-known (wabi, sabi, kigo), as well as less known aspects of Japanese aesthetics (shiori, karumi etc.) that are connected with the haiku genre. It brings attention to the significant relationship between poetry and religious-philosophical aspects that has been typical to haiku since its beginnings. In the core of the paper lies the question of the transformation of haiku principles in the Slovak environment that is demonstrated on specific, artistically compelling Slovak variants of haiku.
Problemy typolohiji ta perekladu ukrajinskoju movoju anhlomovnych abreviatur u sferi navčanňa mov
(Charkov : Charkivskij nacionaľnij universitet im. V. N. Karazina, 2024) Kovalchuk, Natalia
The article analyses the thematic groups (TG) and subgroups (SG) of English language abbreviations of four categories related to language teaching: 1) names of language teaching organisations; 2) names of approaches to language teaching and forms of its organisation; 3) names of forms of control, diplomas and certificates in language teaching; 4) characteristics of languages as objects of study and learners. On the basis of similar studies on thematic classification of Ukrainian language terminology, the author claims the insufficient number of studies on English language abbreviations. This, together with the need for their systematic thematic classification, has made it possible to substantiate the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is to identify the above-mentioned TGs and TPGs, to determine their structural characteristics and methods of translation. Consequently, the tasks included the selection of research material, its analysis, the formulation of conclusions and further perspectives. The criterion for distinguishing between TGs and TPGs is the denotative feature, which signifies the realities of extra-linguistic reality. The division of lexemes into TGs and TPGs is an important task in the study of the terminological system. The material of the study included 435 abbreviations selected from original English sources. Within the categories analysed, TGs and TPGs have different degrees of branching and can each contain from 1 to 7 groups and subgroups. The latter can be further subdivided into even smaller units. As a result, the largest and most ramified TGs and TPGs are located in the centre of each category, while the smallest are on the periphery. The analysed TGs and TPGs differ in terms of their quantitative composition, structural models, belonging to a part of speech and the principles of rendering English abbreviations into Ukrainian. The logic and clarity of the analysed TGs and TPGs are ensured by the common conceptual features of their components, which give the respective TGs and TPGs their thematic integrity. These components are based on different models of term formation, which may influence the techniques chosen to translate them. The study of such dependencies within the analysed categories is suggested as a prospect for further research.
Potential of AI in literary analysis: Comparison of ai and university undergraduates' analysis of a literary text
(Jihočeská univerzita : České Budějovice, 2024) Javorčíková, Jana; Štulajterová, Alena; Gramanich Štromajer, Richard; Pondelíková, Ivana
AI has enormous potential for the creation and analysis of texts, which opens great possibilities for its responsible use in education, including the teaching of arts and literature. In the present study, we focus on comparing the analysis of a literary text (a modern short story by a Canadian writer Margaret Atwood "There was Once", 1992) by 100 university students and AI, determining AI's potential (speed, analysis of large blocks of texts, and ability to identify and verify explicit information and also some implicit information, grasp the gist of the whole text) and limitations (inability to decode implicit information based on extensive parts of text, and expressing attitude to a specific text in a specific situation and inability to understand microtext-related aspects) and in the literary interpretation of a fiction text.

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