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Sovětská percepce československé exilové politiky v letech 1941-1943
(Praha : Historický ústav AV ČR, 2024) Pinchuk, Vera
Based on archival sources, materials published in collections of documents, memoirs, and scientific works, the article examines the Soviet perception of Czechoslovak emigration policy. It is dedicated to the development of Czechoslovak- Soviet relations in the period 1941–1943, from the recognition of the Czechoslovak government in exile to the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Post-War Cooperation with the government of the Soviet Union on 12 December 1943. The article examines the place of the Czechoslovak government in London in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, as well as the factors that influenced the change in the USSR’s position towards the Czechoslovak government in exile during this period.
Haiku in Slovak poetry
(Nitra : Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Urbanová, Eva
Haiku, the Japanese form of poetry from the 17th century, has not only spread around the globe, but is considered one of the most popular types of poetry ever. This paper briefly deals with haiku’s penetration into Slovak literature around 1989, when the publishing space opened up for less traditional poetic genres as well. Furthermore, it examines typical principles of haiku and explains their meaning, since they cannot be considered exclusively formal criteria. In particular, the paper focuses on the well-known (wabi, sabi, kigo), as well as less known aspects of Japanese aesthetics (shiori, karumi etc.) that are connected with the haiku genre. It brings attention to the significant relationship between poetry and religious-philosophical aspects that has been typical to haiku since its beginnings. In the core of the paper lies the question of the transformation of haiku principles in the Slovak environment that is demonstrated on specific, artistically compelling Slovak variants of haiku.
Štátne banské riaditeľstvo v Banskej Štiavnici v období vzniku Československa
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Harvan, Daniel
The State Mining Directorate in Banská Štiavnica was established at the beginning of 1919, as the successor of the former Hungarian Royal Main Mining Directorate and took over several mining operations in Slovakia. After 1919, his activities were gradually focused on the management of establishments in the Banská Štiavnica-Hodruša ore district. The paper focuses on the development and consequences of the integration efforts of the Czechoslovak authorities and their representatives in the new socio-political conditions immediately after the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic.
Pitfalls of the industrialization of selected regions of Central Slovakia in the first four decades of the 20th century
(Ostrava : Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2024) Mičko, Peter; Mičková, Zuzana
The industrialization of an initially rural country is an important phenomenon and can answer the question of the region’s economic development in a given period. Industrialization is a factor that affects the entire socio-economic character of the country, such as the construction of cities and transport, and it can also affect agricultural production. All these factors have a retroactive effect on industrial development. Within the economic field, agriculture has traditionally been dominant in the Slovak territory. The mentioned factor started to change in the last third of the 19 th century, when representatives in the Kingdom of Hungary tried to develop the industrialization of the originally rural country. Naturally, the process of increased industrialization affected the territory of present-day Slovakia as well.
Zastosuvanňa informacijno-komunikacijnych technolohij u navčanni inozemnych mov ta perekladu: napriamy doslidžeň
(Charkov : Charkivskij nacionaľnij universitet im. V. N. Karazina, 2024) Kovalchuk, Natalia
The article provides a comparative analysis of 27 studies carried out over the last five years on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education, the application of ICT in education and the utilisation of machine translation (MT) in the teaching of foreign languages and translation. It outlines the trends identified by these studies, the achievements to date and the most promising areas for further research. The main areas identified were: the theoretical justification for the use of ICT; the comparative effectiveness of different MT systems, on the one hand, and human translators, on the other; the assessment of students’ target texts taking into account their degree of independence from MT; the role of post-editing in the teaching of foreign languages and translation and the methodology of its application in the teaching process; the role of ICT in the translation industry and its impact on the content of training programmes and curricula for future translators. The analysis showed that there is a considerable lack of sufficient research in the first area, as well as contradictory results in the remaining three (discrepancies in the evaluation of the translation efficiency of different MT systems and of MT compared to humans; unavailability of an effective and economical methodology for the evaluation of texts produced with the use of MT; the absence of a rational methodology for the application of post-editing at different stages of training and under different conditions). The author highlights the positive attitude of the translation industry towards ICT and the significant gap between its needs and the content of the training of future translators. The most promising directions for further research are outlined. These include, in particular: developing a methodology for the formation of skills included in the model of technological competence of a future translator; clarifying the comparative effectiveness of different MT systems and their potential areas of application; specifying the differences between machine and human translation and determining their optimal correlation in translator training and translation practice; identifying the optimal proportion of MT in the content of translator training and ways of evaluating texts translated using MT; developing a model for the effective integration of post-editing into the content of training; investigating ways of increasing the influence of the translation industry on the content of translator training.
Problemy typolohiji ta perekladu ukrajinskoju movoju anhlomovnych abreviatur u sferi navčanňa mov
(Charkov : Charkivskij nacionaľnij universitet im. V. N. Karazina, 2024) Kovalchuk, Natalia
The article analyses the thematic groups (TG) and subgroups (SG) of English language abbreviations of four categories related to language teaching: 1) names of language teaching organisations; 2) names of approaches to language teaching and forms of its organisation; 3) names of forms of control, diplomas and certificates in language teaching; 4) characteristics of languages as objects of study and learners. On the basis of similar studies on thematic classification of Ukrainian language terminology, the author claims the insufficient number of studies on English language abbreviations. This, together with the need for their systematic thematic classification, has made it possible to substantiate the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is to identify the above-mentioned TGs and TPGs, to determine their structural characteristics and methods of translation. Consequently, the tasks included the selection of research material, its analysis, the formulation of conclusions and further perspectives. The criterion for distinguishing between TGs and TPGs is the denotative feature, which signifies the realities of extra-linguistic reality. The division of lexemes into TGs and TPGs is an important task in the study of the terminological system. The material of the study included 435 abbreviations selected from original English sources. Within the categories analysed, TGs and TPGs have different degrees of branching and can each contain from 1 to 7 groups and subgroups. The latter can be further subdivided into even smaller units. As a result, the largest and most ramified TGs and TPGs are located in the centre of each category, while the smallest are on the periphery. The analysed TGs and TPGs differ in terms of their quantitative composition, structural models, belonging to a part of speech and the principles of rendering English abbreviations into Ukrainian. The logic and clarity of the analysed TGs and TPGs are ensured by the common conceptual features of their components, which give the respective TGs and TPGs their thematic integrity. These components are based on different models of term formation, which may influence the techniques chosen to translate them. The study of such dependencies within the analysed categories is suggested as a prospect for further research.
Hodnotové trajektórie štylistickej koncepcie profesora Jána Findru
(Opole : Uniwersytet Opolski, 2024) Patráš, Vladimír
Vzťahovo-analyticky koncipovaný príspevok sa zameriava na komplexný profil slovenského jazykovedca profesora Jána Findru (1934 – 2019), spracovaný prostredníctvom axiologického fokusovania. V osobnosti významného štylistika sú prirodzene integrované tri výrazné, navzájom späté línie jeho aktivít: vedeckovýskumná činnosť, pedagogické pôsobenie a verejno-spoločenská a kultúrna angažovanosť. V jeho odbornej produkcii si osobitnú pozornosť zasluhujú práce, v ktorých rozvíjal vlastné teórie o dynamike v texte, jazyku a jazykovom štýle. Súbežne, viacúrovňovo a s patričnými vedeckými vyhliadkami rozpracúval problematiku kultúry vyjadrovania, rečníctva, javiskovej reči a umeleckého prednesu. Na križovatke uvedených trajektórií sa zreteľne exponujú hodnotové a hodnototvorné dimenzie, reflektujúce bohatú životnú vybavenosť jazykovedca, učiteľské danosti a humanistické pôsobenie. Nachádzajú sa v nich individuálne zdroje a zároveň spoločenský horizont Findrových vedeckých náhľadov, pedagogických záujmov a publikačných prejavov, dotváraných osobnostným nasadením a vkladom. V jeho ponímaní a vykladaní človeka a jazyka v štýle, resp. (spolu)žitia jazyka, štýlu a komunikácie sa tvorivo zúročilo štrukturalistické podložie s dôkladne prehodnocovanými a usúvzťažňovanými najnovšími smermi a prúdmi, ktoré sa ustálili vo svetovej a domácej lingvistike najmä v období po pragmatickom obrate. Celoživotné systematické sústredenie na fungovanie jazyka v komunikujúcich spoločenstvách s jeho premenami a zároveň povereniami na dorozumievacie, myšlienkové, kultúrne i praktické účinkovanie medzi ľuďmi zásadným spôsobom kontúruje Findrovu celkovú osobnostnú charakteristiku a odkaz jeho diela.
Akademicky o preklade v textoch, súvislostiach a vzťahoch
(Prešov : Lingvokulturologické a prekladateľsko-tlmočnícke centrum excelentnosti pri Filozofickej fakulte Prešovskej univerzity, 2024) Cintula, Igor
Gender similarities and differences in selected personality characteristics of (future) interpreters
(Nitra : Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Hodáková, Soňa; Melicherčíková, Miroslava
The paper presents the results of research on the selected personality characteristics of professional interpreters and interpreting students, with a specific focus on gender differences. The characteristics studied were anxiety (measured by STAI) and achievement motivation (measured by AMI). The results of our research show that women (n=33) are characterized by higher anxiety compared to men (n=10). Regarding motivation, women (n=31) in our research were also characterized by statistically significant higher pride in productivity, status orientation, and competitiveness compared to men (n=10). However, these differences in personality characteristics do not cause significant differences in interpreting performance between men and women.
Translating genderless characters in the confinements of grammatical gender in children's literature
(Nitra : Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, 2024) Vinczeová, Barbora
This paper aims to examine methods used to translate genderless characters from languages with natural gender into languages with grammatical gender, specifically from English to Slovak. The context of children’s literature is used. First, the difference between natural and grammatical gender is examined (Ibrahim 1973). Consequently, the importance of gender-inclusive language is stressed (Di Sabato and Perri 2020). The possibilities for gender-inclusive expressions offered by a language using grammatical gender are highlighted, considered, and applied into practice (Cviková et al. 2014; Urbancová 2022). Two research questions are answered: 1. How can a language using grammatical gender be gender inclusive? 2. Should specific translation strategies be used when translating gender in children’s literature? The author of this paper aims to answer these questions from the position as a researcher and a translator.
Metamorfózy prezývkových obyvateľských mien na Orave v priebehu polstoročia
(Slovenská akadémia vied : Bratislava, 2024) Krško, Jaromír
The article aims to show the developmental changes in the inhabitant nicknames in the Orava villages, which were systematically addressed for the first time by A. Habovštiak at the First Slovak Onomastic Conference in 1967. The newer forms of the inhabitant nicknames were obtained by extracting an extensive set of seminar papers written by students of Slovak Studies from the Faculty of Arts at Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica and partly also from the Faculty of Arts at Catholic University in Ružomberok during the span of years 2000-2022. Several inhabitant nicknames maintain continuity from an earlier period, while some display a change in the interpretation of the motivational story; new nicknames were also observed that were not previously mentioned by A. Habovštiak.
Lexika slovenských nárečí v celoslovanskom kontexte. Príspevok ku konfrontačnému slavistickému výskumu Antona Habovštiaka
(Slovenská akadémia vied : Bratislava, 2024) Rožai, Gabriel
This paper presents the results and clarifies the scientific contribution of A. Habovštiak’s confrontational Slavic research focused on the lexicon Slovak dialects in the Slavic context, which he presented in numerous articles published in domestic and foreign scientific journals and proceedings and later in a summarized form in the monograph Zo slovensko-slovanských lexikálnych vzťahov (so zreteľom na lingvistickú geografiu) [From Slovak-Slavic Lexical Relations (with Regard to Linguistic Geography)] from 1993. With an emphasis on the Slovak-Slavic context, we can summarise that the author significantly contributed to the discussions about defining the place of Slovak in the group of Slavic languages, shed light on its West Slavic character and its relations with South Slavic and East Slavic languages, pointed to the peculiar development of the Slovak lexical fund and on the special continuity of the Slovak dialect lexicon with its Proto-Slavic linguistic origin.
Développer la compétence interculturelle de l’apprenant à travers la littérature francophone translingue d’exil et de migration
(Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2024) Schmitt, François
L’article défend les avantages de l’introduction de la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration dans l’enseignement du français langue étrangère (FLE) pour développer la compétence interculturelle de l’apprenant à travers une réflexion sur son expérience de l’altérité. Les bienfaits de la littérature en classe de FLE ne sont plus à démontrer. Les textes littéraires peuvent d’abord servir de supports pour travailler la langue. Du point de vue anthropologique, la littérature fournit aussi à l’apprenant des clés de lecture l’aidant à mieux comprendre la culture cible. Enfin, elle permet de développer sa compétence interculturelle à travers l’expérience de l’altérité que procure la lecture. Sur ce point, la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration possède un potentiel supérieur aux autres œuvres littéraires dans la mesure où l’altérité constitue la fibre même de l’écriture translingue. Définie comme une littérature écrite dans une autre langue que la langue maternelle de l’écrivain dont l’activité littéraire est en outre en partie motivée par son expérience de l’exil, la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration présente, à travers l’expérience de l’altérité, de nombreux points communs avec l’apprentissage des langues. C’est donc la problématique de l’altérité qui constitue le fil conducteur d’une exploitation en classe de FLE de la littérature translingue d’exil et de migration pour développer la compétence interculturelle de l’apprenant. Pour ce faire, l’article propose trois activités pédagogiques à partir d’extraits d’œuvres translingues centrées sur les principales composantes de la compétence interculturelle : les attitudes positives d’ouverture vers l’autre, l’esprit de tolérance et d’acceptation de l’autre, le recul interculturel et la décentration.
Covert simultaneous post-editing in online assessment of students' sight translation
(National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute : Kyjev, 2024) Chernovatyi, Leonid
This first attempt aims to determine the extent of students’ covert use of machine translation (MT) in the online assessment of their sight translation, the strategies of such use, and its signs. The study is based on the analysis of target texts (TT) of specialised online sight translation from Ukrainian into English by 13 BA and 10 MA students. The procedure involved the comparison of the students' TTs with their MT counterparts. Signs of covert MT were found in 46% of the BA and 30% of the MA students’ translations. The main method of this covert MT use is "simultaneous post-editing", i.e., the immediate oral post-editing of the MT text generated by the students on their screens and hidden from the assessor, while they deliver their supposedly original TTs. Simultaneous post-editing strategies range from replacing individual lexemes with their synonyms, adding and deleting elements, changing the syntactic functions of words or phrases, rearranging sentence fragments, transforming their structure, to applying several of these strategies simultaneously. Other methods of concealment include alternating MT systems in translating the same source text, as well as artificially slowing down the process of reading the TT from the screen, accompanied by pauses in the relevant text fragments to perform certain mental operations. In order to increase objectivity, the author recommends a delayed assessment of students' online interpreting recordings. The research perspective is to study the didactic potential of simultaneous post-editing as a procedure for developing general interpreting skills.
Robinzonády v ľudovom čítaní na Slovensku v 19. storočí
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy : Praha, 2024) Kubealaková, Martina
The aim of this study is to present the basic context of literary research on popular literature in Slovakia, following studies by Věra Brožová (2008) and Jiří Hrabal (2022), looking specifically at the forms of 19th-century Robinsonades, including Czech Robinsonades reprinted in Slovakia from the late 18th century through the 19th century. With the exception of a single edition of Pavel Šulc’s adaptation, we know of no adaptations of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe in the Czech context to have been published in Slovak editions; this is surprising considering the popularity of the theme and rich history of Czech adaptations, and we believe that further investigation is required. This study therefore distinguishes between the ‘Robinsonade’ and ‘folk Robinsonade’, with respect to the different motivations for adapting Defoe’s work in the context of Slovakian popular literature: that is, between the Robinsonade as a line started by the Czech translation of J. Campe’s German adaptation Robinson der Jüngere (and subsequent adaptations by V. Kramerius’s and others; the ‘Czech Story’ follows, for example, the aforementioned study by Hrabal), and various other works that draw instead on the success of Defoe’s novel to create adventure stories based on the Robinson theme. The heroes of these stories — Berthold, Ildegert, Spelhofen, and Engelbrecht — are known from both Czech and Slovak editions. The results of this comparison, together with an examination of the factors that may have caused these changes at all investigated levels, are formulated as manifestations of specific forms of inter-literary reception, namely ‘retellings’ with omission and expansion (Robinson der Jüngere), and — as examples of the ‘folk Robinsonade’ — adaptation (Berthold), plagiarism (Ildegert), interliterary allusion (Spelhofen), and allusion (Engelbrecht). Changes in form are found to be directly proportional to the degree of application of the poetics of popular literature.
Obraz postsovietskej spoločnosti v mnohohlasnom literárnom spomínaní
(Študentská historická spoločnosť pri Katedre histórie FF UMB v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Dulovics, Denis
Text analyzuje obraz postsovietskej spoločnosti na základe knihy Svetlany Alexijevič Časy zo second handu, ktorá prostredníctvom mnohovrstevných výpovedí zachytáva prechod od sovietskej k postsovietskej identite. Text sa zameriava na premeny kultúrnej a komunikačnej pamäti, ich vzájomné ovplyvňovanie a úlohu pri formovaní kolektívnej identity po rozpade Sovietskeho zväzu. Vychádza z predpokladu, že pamäť nie je statická, ale rekonštruovaná v závislosti od aktuálnych spoločenských rámcov. Analýza poukazuje na rozdielne prežitky a emócie jednotlivcov, ktoré sa pohybujú od nostalgie po sklamanie a hnev, pričom spoločným menovateľom je dezorientácia a strata oporných bodov. Špecifická naratívna metóda Alexijevič umožňuje odhaliť kontradikcie v individuálnych spomienkach a zároveň vytvoriť mozaiku kolektívnej skúsenosti, čím sa otvára priestor pre diskusiu o limitoch a možnostiach historického poznania postsovietskeho človeka.
Kráľovský komorník František Dóczy : utváranie kontaktov a spoločenský vzostup na jagelovskom dvore v Budíne
(Historický ústav AV ČR : Praha, 2024) Maliniak, Pavol
The social advancement of Francis Dóczy (c. 1478–1526) is an example of a successful combination of family background and personal qualities. The fact that he was a half-orphan led to his upbringing being taken over by his uncle Urban, a prelate and master of the treasury. From his childhood, Francis Dóczy was already at the court of the Hungarian Kingdom, where he maintained his position for several decades thereafter. He worked among the royal chamberlains for a long time, including as master chamberlain. As a sign of the trust of both Hungarian kings Wladislaus II and Louis II, Francis Dóczy was entrusted with diplomatic tasks and also held several offices of county governor.
Kommunikáció és hiráramlás Balassa Judit levelezésében a 17. szádad második felében
(Szentpétery Imre Történettudományi Alapítvány : Budapešť, 2024) Danková, Sabina
A tanulmányban a kora újkori kommunikáció és információcsere adalékait vizsgáltam egy bárónő levelezése alapján. Az információ fontos értéknek számított a korabeli társadalom tagjai szemében, amelyet igyekeztek a lehető legtöbb forrásból beszerezni. Az információk elérésében a nemesség előnyt élvezett más társadalmi csoportokkal szemben. A hírek beszerzésének fontos eszköze a kommunikációs hálózatok létrehozása és fenntartása volt, ami a nők számára is rendelkezésre állt.
Urbanonymá mesta Zvolen. Ich modely a modelovanie
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Gondeková, Veronika
The subject of the paper is the modelling and models of the names of urbanonyms of the city of Zvolen according to the modelling scheme of P. Odaloš. The aim of the study is to determine the models and semantic fields of urbanonyms in the research sample. The research sample consists of 132 urbanonyms of the city of Zvolen. In the modelling we use the A1 model, which is formed by functional members, namely the functional member U - urbanonynum (denotes the type of onymic relation), and the functional members HCh - honorific characteristic, FL - flora, VL - feature, PU - belonging to the territory, and FA - fauna. These functional members denote additional semantic features. The models of urbanonyms consist of 5 semantic fields, the most numerous being the semantic field (U) + HCh, which contains up to 82 urbanonyms. The most frequent models are A1 = (U) + HCh (72), A1 = FL + (U) (16), A1 = VL (U) (13). Modeling scheme of P. Odaloš is based on the knowledge of Slovak and Czech onomastics and elaborates the Slovak and Czech tradition of onomastic modelling.
Synchrónne modely a modelovanie urbanoným miest Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Piešťany v povodí rieky Váh
(Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica, 2024) Odaloš, Pavol
The aim of the paper is to illustrate the modelling process and models of urbanonyms, namely those of Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom and Piešťany cities located in the Váh river basin. The A1 model is used in modelling. This model contains specific onymic signs present in its functional members. The urbanonymic formation has observable tendencies towards honorification and localization. The tendency towards honorification is shown by the glorification of contemporary and historical persons and events. The tendency towards localization retains the older names of the city and city parts and the names of contemporary national or transnational natural sites. Based on the urbanonymic formation norm determined by the presented tendencies, the modelling subsequently yielded mostly two-member models with a predominance of HCH and PÚ functional members. The VL and FA functional members are moderately frequent and the PC and PN functional members are sparse. The most frequent model is A1 = PÚ + Ú, with A1 = HCH + U, A1 = U + HCH, A1 = VL + U and A1 = (U) + PÚ being relatively frequent. Other two-member models are infrequent. One-member models did not occur, and three-member models were sparse. The presented models and modelling process are a contribution to the development of the Czecho-Slovak school of onomastic modelling.

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