08 Články v časopisoch

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Comparison of eccentric and concentric training effects on improving explosive performance in elite female basketball players: a pilot study
(Univerzita Mateja Bela, Filozofická fakulta : Banská Bystrica, 2024) Škorik, Marián; Pupiš, Martin; Sýkora, Jozef; Švantner, Roman
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of concentrically dominant (CD) and eccentrically dominant (ED) training programs on explosive abilities in elite female basketball players, focusing on vertical jump performance. Methods: A total of 10 elite female basketball players were divided into two groups, with five participants each. One group followed a concentrically dominant training program, while the other group followed an eccentrically dominant program. The training lasted six weeks, with two sessions per week. Vertical jumps were assessed using countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jumps (SQJ), and drop jumps (DJ), focusing on parameters such as Relative Peak Power and Landing Rate of Force Development (RFD) and other parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, independent t-tests, and Cohen’s d to assess effect sizes for the CMJ, DJ, and SQ tests. Results: The CD group demonstrated improvements in both Relative Peak Power (from 41.520 to 43.360 W/kg, Cohen's d = -0.824) and Jump Height (Cohen's d = -0.964) in the CMJ test, though the differences were not statistically significant. The ED group showed minimal improvement, and in some cases, slight reductions in performance parameters. In the DJ test, significant improvements in Landing RFD were observed in the CD group (Cohen's d = -1.533), while the ED group showed a large effect size in Landing RFD (Cohen's d = -0.858), though this effect was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Concentrically dominant training was more effective in improving explosive strength and jump height, as well as demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in Landing RFD. While eccentrically dominant training also showed a notable effect in landing control, it was not as pronounced or statistically significant. Based on these findings, incorporating both training modalities could enhance explosive performance and improve landing mechanics in elite female basketball players. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to solidify these conclusions.
Gender and regional differences in physical education teachers' perspectives on basketball instruction in Slovakia
(Taylor & Francis : Abingdon, 2025) Beťák, Boris; Líška, Dávid; Pivovarniček, Pavol; Barthová, Martina; Popelka, Jaroslav
Basketball is a central component of physical education in Slovak schools, contributing to students’ physical, cognitive and social development. The success of basketball instruction largely depends on the competencies, experiences and attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers. This study explores Slovak PE teachers’ opinions, practices and challenges related to basketball teaching. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1168 PE teachers (635 men and 533 women) from 635 schools during the 2023/2024 academic year. Significant gender-based and regional differences were identified. Male teachers favored sports games, particularly football and applied technical teaching approaches more often, while female teachers preferred gymnastics, volleyball and game-oriented strategies. Urban teachers expressed more favorable attitudes toward basketball, taught it more frequently and reported better equipment availability compared to rural teachers. However, all groups cited limited time and low interest in teaching basketball as common shortcomings. Basketball instruction in Slovak schools is shaped by both teacher gender and school setting. These findings underscore the need for targeted professional development, enhanced infrastructure and curriculum reform to ensure equitable and effective basketball education. By addressing these factors, the study provides a foundation for improving teaching practices and supporting more inclusive PE across diverse school contexts.
Subjective method of control and regulation of intensity of physical activity (the rate of perceived exertion) in the training process of young basketball players aged 12-13
(Independent Publisher Zhanneta Kozina : Charkov, 2025) Tesliuk, Mikhailo; Adamčák, Štefan
Background and purpose: Performing any physical activity is accompanied by subjective feelings of its severity. The purpose of the work is to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the method of controlling physical activity based on subjective feelings in the training process of basketball players aged 12-13. Material and methods: In the experiment, the subjects were young basketball players aged 12-13 from the Youth Sports School. 24 athletes were divided into 2 groups of 12 athletes in each group. Training was conducted 3 times a week for 6 months. The experimental group trained using the Borg scale for self-regulation of physical activity (the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale). A control group of schoolchildren aged 12-13 trained in parallel with the experimental group. The subjects of this group performed the exercises themselves without using subjective load control. The results of the two groups were compared with each other according to the results of special endurance tests, which were conducted before the beginning of the experimental research process and after its completion. Results: The use of the method of subjective regulation of the intensity of the load when performing exercises aimed at developing special endurance in basketball contributes to a significant increase in results compared to similar classes, but without the use of this method. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate the need to take into account subjective feelings of the severity of the work in assessing the intensity of the load in basketball training classes. For this purpose, the verbal-digital Borg scale can be used. The use of this scale will significantly help the physical education teacher to adequately dose the load when performing exercises aimed at developing special endurance in basketball.
Teaching basketball from the perspective of men and women physical and sport education teachers in upper primary schools in eastern Slovakia
(Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2024) Beťák, Boris; Popelka, Jaroslav; Opáth, Lukáš
The authors of the study used a questionnaire to find out whether there are significant differences in teachers’ views on teaching basketball from a point of view of gender differences. The sample consisted of 450 physical and sport education teachers (274 men and 176 women) who teach in 17 districts in eastern Slovakia, in upper primary schools. Significant differences at the p<0.01 level were found in the popularity of teaching basketball. While for 20.45% of women, basketball is the second most popular taught sport after volleyball (39.77%), for 13.14% of men, basketball is the fourth most popular taught sport after football (40.51%), volleyball (21.90%), and floorball (19.71%). Despite significant differences (p<0.01), more than 54% of men and 48% of women teach basketball most often for 6-10 hours within a single thematic unit. A negative finding is that 3.28% of men and 11.36% of women do not teach basketball. Game-oriented didactic approach dominates in teaching for both genders (54.72% of men and 55.77% of women). According to 32.85% of men and 40.91% of women, the main disadvantage of teaching basketball is the low interest of pupils in learning the sport. The second most frequently chosen shortcoming of basketball teaching was the low time allocation of the subject (29.59% of men and 28.41% of women).
The influence of the plyometric training on the lower limb explosive power of basketball players
(Univerzita Mateja Bela, Filozofická fakulta : Banská Bystrica, 2024) Barthová, Martina; Izáková, Andrea
The plyometric training program currently used almost all kinds of sports. Athletes use them to improve their performance in specific movements, such as throws, jumps, starts, etc. Especially basketball is considered a very explosive, dynamic and fast- paced sport in which plyometric training is widely used. For the highest explosive power, two training methods must be recommended: strength and plyometric training. PT is commonly used method for developing of the lower limb explosive power by natural dynamic movements, such as various jump and jumps with counter movement.

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