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Americká politika voči Taiwanu a jej bezpečnostné východiská
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Vrbovský, Juraj; Antalíková, Jana; Nečas, Pavel; Konecka-Szydełko, Bożena
The presented article examines Taiwan policy of US during presidency of J. Biden and the influence of the Taiwan question on the current US-China relations. The objective of the article is to summarize and analyze latest developments of US Taiwan policy during Biden administration and its impact on US-China relations. We tried to focus on a brief description of the legal basis for managing relations in the context of Taiwan, defense cooperation between the US and Taiwan, the issue of strategic ambiguity, later on recent changes in US policy towards Taiwan and the events of the so-called The Fourth Taiwan Crisis. The sources we used are laws and agreements, official statements, academic articles and online media articles, authors used an analytical, descriptive and comparative scientific research methods. We do argue, that Biden administration's partial change of Taiwan policy (and Congresses’ less visible legislative actions) is indeed significant and, in the context of other moves, the PRC's changed power potential, assertive foreign policy and stated vital national interests, what contributes to destabilization of bilateral relations in this matter.
An exclusively urban phenomenon? Radical agrarianism in political practice of interwar fascism: a case study of Slovakia
(Ostrava : Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2024) Hruboň, Anton; Ristveyová, Katarína
Fascism is frequently considered to be a political movement associated with cities. The article attempts to contest this idea through a case study, which illustrates the agrarian-focused drive of fascism by profiling two fascist organisations in interwar Slovakia. It stresses agrarianism as a core factor of their political practice. The case study is based on an analysis of Rodobrana (1923–1929), a paramilitary organisation of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, which became a significant pioneering fascist movement in Slovakia, and the National Fascist Community (1926–1938), the most notable political party representing nationwide Czechoslovak fascism. Even though both streams were written down in history as relatively unsuccessful cliques of cads, their palingenetic discourse, based on radicalised agrarian thought, helped create an atmosphere that resulted in the acceptance of the latter measures adopted by Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party’s regime (confiscation of properties belonging to the “political parvenus”, Aryanisation of Jewish assets, agrarian reforms, and the programme of Slovak national socialism).
Arms control and its impact on sustainable European security
(Entrepreneurship and sustainability center : Vilnius, 2024) Csefalvay, Juraj; Kazanský, Rastislav; Rýsová, Lucia
The international legal framework for arms control fundamentally impacts global security. However, this vital institution is currently dysfunctional, which, in conjunction with the war in Ukraine and the crisis in US-Russia and NATO-Russia relations, is reviving the threat of the European continent becoming a zone of uncontrolled deployment of Russian and US weapons and weapons systems. The collapse of the arms control mechanism has a high potential to spark an uncontrolled arms race across Europe, with potential global spillover. Arms control is a unique idea promoting sustainable international security. It is based on the premise that numerous reductions in weapons and weapons systems by world actors will reduce the likelihood of the outbreak of armed conflict. Arms control is a complex process implemented through international treaties and agreements. They aim to reduce the force potential of a state actor to a level that is only necessary to ensure internal security. This article aims to analyze the impact of the arms control system on sustainable European security and its role within the international order. The basic premise of the arms control process is the principle of equal security, which is based on the sovereign equality of states expressed in the UN Charter. Arms control is always based on the parties' objectives and is therefore not considered an end in itself but is consistently used as part of a process aimed at sustainable international security and building sustainable peace.
Attention as a commodity in the world of disinformation and social media
(Entrepreneurship and sustainability center : Vilnius, 2024) Ivančík, Radoslav; Nečas, Pavel; Iľaščíková, Lucia
The dynamic development of information and communication technologies, systems and devices, the emergence of new digital media and platforms, as well as the increasingly widespread use of social networks, on the one hand, increase the availability of information and expand the possibilities of searching, receiving, creating, modifying and sharing it, on the other hand, in a significant way increase the risk of spreading misleading, altered, distorted, deceptive and/or invented information, for example, in the form of disinformation. Given the fact that current business models and the ecosystem of advertising technology allow advertising to be tailored based on already known preferences and previous interactions of users, based on their profile, interests, activities, content they interact with, and even their interpersonal relationships, media, platform, social networks and advertisers try – to achieve the best possible economic results – to attract the sustainable attention of their users. Unfortunately, in many cases, it is also through the spread of disinformation. In this context, the authors, using relevant methods of scientific research, focused on attention as a commodity and the functioning of the attention economy in the context of the increasing extent of the spread of various disinformation (but also hoaxes and conspiracy theories) primarily through social networks, their susceptibility to the spread of unwanted content and efforts to regulate the spread of such content.
Book review: Decision-making of the state in a crisis situation
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Vargová, Patrícia
Book review: Hothouse earth
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Michalková, Zuzana
Book review: The diplomacy of the European union
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Podstata, Lukáš
Recenzia na: Diplomacia Európskej únie / Erik Pajtinka ; rec. Miroslav Lajčák, Peter Rusiňák. 1. vyd. - Bratislava : Pamiko, 2023.
Book review: Žižek and the others. Ideology in a postideological age
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Lietava, Ľuboš
Constrained but not transformed: Civilian-led certification reform and officer misconduct
(SAGE Publications : Thousand Oaks, 2026) Lanigan, Amanda; Kalin, Ilker
In the wake of national protests against police violence, Massachusetts established a civilian-led certification regime to institutionalize external oversight of law enforcement. This study evaluates the short-term behavioral effects of that reform on officers with documented histories of misconduct. Leveraging the alphabetically phased rollout of recertification, we use a natural experiment and difference-in-differences design to estimate the causal impact of POST participation. While our quantitative analysis does not reveal sweeping changes in the frequency of officer misconduct, it uncovers suggestive evidence of behavioral recalibration: officers appear less likely to engage in misconduct at all following exposure to external review. To contextualize these findings, we draw on semi-structured interviews with officers, supervisors, and oversight officials. These interviews reveal how officers often reject the legitimacy of POST while simultaneously adjusting behavior in response to reputational risk and the threat of sanction. Taken together, the results suggest that externally adjudicated, procedurally binding reforms can induce modest, short-term behavioral change through instrumental compliance.
Diplomatic practice and its influence on regulation of diplomacy by diplomatic law and non-legal rules
(Ústav státu a práva AV ČR : Praha, 2024) Rosputinský, Peter
The notion of diplomatic practice is very often used in many works, but typically without a definition. Firstly, this article brings considerations leading both to the definition of diplomatic practice as well as to its comparison with the notion of practice of diplomacy. The second part of the present article deals with application of diplomatic practice with respect to prospective creation of norms regulating diplomatic relations. The article identifies four possible normative levels of diplomatic practice: (i) one-time practices and repeated practices of one or more States; (ii) general practice; (iii) international courtesy; (iv) international custom; and gives examples of diplomatic practices in each normative level. Finally, as practical implication, it explains the normative potential of diplomatic practice emerging during COVID-19 restrictions in many States, which rests in lockdown measures restricting the freedom of movement of diplomatic missionsʼ members.
Disinformation as a security threats for democratic society in content of present antiamericanism and prorussian narratives
(Sveučilište u Dubrovniku, 2025) Ivančík, Radoslav; Kazanský, Rastislav; Rýsová, Lucia
Disinformation is one of the anti-phenomenon of the modern information society. They are not new, they have been used since ancient times. However, their number has increased rapidly with the growing availability and use of the Internet, the emergence of social media, and the exponential growth of user numbers. In recent years, democratic countries have been increasingly exposed to the deliberate, extensive, and systematic dissemination of disinformation with aimed at influencing democratic and decision-making processes, as well as the behaviour, actions, and opinions of people. This is also why the authors, using relevant methods of scientific research, deal with the issue of disinformation as a security threat to a democratic society in this article.
Dvadsať rokov SlovakAid: Hodnotenie plnenia rozvojových záväzkov
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Bolečeková, Martina
To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the SlovakAid brand established in 2003, this paper examined Slovakia's evolution as a donor country in Official Development Assistance (ODA) over the past two decades. Through qualitative analysis of official documents and quantitative assessment of statistical data from the Statistical Office of SR, OECD, and Slovak ODA statistical portal, the study evaluated Slovakia's performance within the donor community and its compliance with international development commitments. The research demonstrated that while Slovakia has successfully transitioned from aid recipient to respected donor, it faces persistent challenges as a small state, particularly in meeting financial commitments. Despite an overall increase in ODA volume since 2003, Slovakia has struggled to achieve its targeted ODA/GNI ratio, reaching a maximum of approximately 0.15% in 2022. The study found that Slovakia has adopted a niche diplomacy approach, utilizing its comparative advantages in democratic transformation and EU integration experience, while focusing on a narrower range of partner countries. However, the approach is not consistently applied. Research also highlighted the significant predominance of multilateral over bilateral aid, which potentially diminishes the visibility of Slovak development assistance. External factors, including the migration crisis and COVID-19 pandemic, have influenced ODA volumes but have not led to sustained improvements in meeting international commitments.
Economic and institutional aspects of India's economic development in the 21st century
(Southern Federal University : Rostov nad Donom, 2025) Čajková, Andrea; Čajka, Peter
This paper examines the economic and institutional aspects of India’s development in the 21st century, focusing on the analysis of the factors that determine the country’s economic growth as well as the challenges that the Indian economy currently faces. At the moment, India represents one of the most dynamically developing economies in the world, which is clearly predisposed by its positive demographic growth. India is already the most populous country in the world, which creates prospects of harnessing the labor force, as well as skilled and educated labor force, for the continuous positive economic growth of the country in the 21st century. Nevertheless, Indian GDP declined at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century mainly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the strict lockdown and social distancing measures that were put in place to control the spread of the coronavirus. These measures led to a sharp decline in economic activity in several sectors, including manufacturing, construction, as well as services. At the same time, the Indian economy is now showing signs of recovery after the perilous year of 2021. This paper demonstrates how the Indian government has taken several measures to promote economic growth as well as various policy reforms aimed at encouraging investment and consumption for supporting the economic recovery. In this study, we also discuss the principles of institutional economics and their specificities in the case of India, in particular path dependency and others, comparing the introduced reforms and their impacts on selected indicators with China as a similarly strong and large economy.
Education, science and research - key elements supporting dynamics of economic growth in the EU in the period after overcoming the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic
(University of Dubrovnik, 2024) Rýsová, Lucia; Kazanský, Rastislav; Smeriga, Peter
Education, support of science and research currently represent one of the key factors supporting the dynamics of economic growth and development, both at the regional and global level. In the context of the indicated development, both within the European integration area and individual member states, there is a gradual implementation of projects focused on the reform of educational systems in order to increase the level and quality of education and its close connection with the needs of current social and economic practice. A highly qualified workforce possessing the necessary knowledge, competences and skills represents the core and at the same time the engine of supporting the growth and development of individual economic sectors and increasing the degree of their achieved competitiveness. Currently, almost every economic or social entity is confront with the need to constantly improve and respond flexibly to the needs and demands coming from its external environment, which leads to the need to innovate and improve internal structures and processes in relation to prevailing trends. The results of the educational process transformed into a qualified workforce can significantly help to correctly identify and appropriately and purposefully adapt to these trends. In this direction, the emphasis on the necessity to connect education with the field of science and research is predominant, which represents key factors supporting economic growth and increasing competitiveness. Within the European integration area and individual member states, these starting points are reflect in the entire spectrum of 1 This paper was supported by the Grant KEGA No. 008UMB-4/23 „The European Union's position in the world economy - current situation and future prospects. Compendium of study materials for university study programs“ 144 L. Rýsová, R. Kazanský: Education,… strategic documents implemented in their internal economic environment. For all of them, we can especially mention the current NextGenerationEU plan, in the implementation of which the key will be the use of new knowledge, the results of scientific research and research activities of various types and focus.
Efficiency of administrative proceedings in the field of offenses in Slovakia
(Vysoká škola evropských a regionálních studií : České Budějovice, 2025) Liptáková, Katarína; Drocárová, Katarína
Offenses represent unlawful actions and undesirable antisocial behavior. The issue of efficiency in administrative proceedings regarding offences has come to the forefront in Slovakia due to an amendment to the Criminal Code, effective as of 6 August 2024. The efficiency of administrative proceedings is influenced by various factors, primarily the quality of offence investigation, the professional competence of state employees, and staff number. This study quantitatively and qualitatively examines these factors using data from two district offices in the years 2021–2023. The results confirm the validity and justification of our assumptions.
Ekonomické benefity lokálnych mien pre rozvoj územia: analýza slovenského kontextu
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Liptáková, Katarína; Cibuľa, Peter
In the current economic climate marked by monetary depreciation, declining savings, and rising municipal debt, local currencies are emerging as a potential solution. This study identifies and evaluates the economic benefits of local currency implementation through a systematic literature review and an analysis of their impact on territorial development. Employing the Delphi method as the primary research tool, this interdisciplinary analysis explores how local currencies can strengthen local competitiveness. The findings provide a detailed overview of the advantages these currencies offer to municipal governments and communities. This research addresses a significant gap in the literature by delivering a focused examination of local currency systems within the Slovak setting, with particular attention to their economic contributions to territorial development.
Ekonomické sankcie ako nástroj zahraničnej politiky: prípad Kuby
(Ekonomická univerzita v Bratislave, 2025) Liptáková, Katarína; Škutová, Daniela; Lomanchenko, Oleksandr
Štúdia analyzuje ekonomické sankcie ako kľúčový nástroj súčasnej zahraničnej politiky prostredníctvom viac ako šesťdesiatročného sankčného režimu USA voči Kube. Cieľom je preskúmať účinnosť a efektívnosť ekonomických sankcií v kontexte moderných medzinárodných vzťahov. Východisková hypotéza predpokladá, že ekonomické sankcie vykazujú rôznorodé účinky, pričom ich efektívnosť pri dosahovaní stanovených cieľov variuje a môže prinášať zamýšľané aj nezamýšľané dôsledky pre všetky zúčastnené strany. Úspešnosť sankcií vo vzťahu k deklarovaným politickým a ekonomickým cieľom je analyzovaná cez ich vplyv na ekonomiku, spoločnosť a medzinárodné postavenie krajiny. Práca využíva deskriptívnu a obsahovú analýzu, pozorovanie, kvantitatívne hodnotenie makroekonomických ukazovateľov, historicko-logickú analýzu a komparatívnu metódu. Dosiahnuté výsledky potvrdzujú limitovanú efektívnosť sankcií pri dosahovaní ekonomických a politických cieľov a poukazujú na potrebu prehodnotenia ich využívania v súčasnej zahraničnej politike.
Empirical study on raising the rainbow flag by diplomatic missions
(Ústav mezinárodních vztahů : Praha, 2026) Rosputinský, Peter
Many countries are displaying rainbow flags at their diplomatic missions, a practice that began in 2008 and has gained significant attention since then. This article provides a global overview of this trend based on public sources and a questionnaire survey. It explores the emergence, development, and implications of the raising of the rainbow flag by missions abroad as a visible support for LGBTI rights in bilateral diplomacy. The article categorises countries according to their stance on this issue – supportive, opposing, or neutral. Although this practice lacks explicit legal foundations in international law, including the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, it is still governed by the general duties of the sending state when it is performing diplomatic activities in the receiving state. The study reveals that the flying of the rainbow flag by diplomatic missions ref lects the given state’s political position on LGBTI rights and enhances our understanding of the intersection of diplomacy, human rights, and international law in this matter.
Energy security of the Slovak Republic in the context of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine
(Institute for National and International Security : Belehrad, 2026) Čajka, Peter; Kováčik, Vladimír
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 fundamentally altered the European energy and security architecture, exposing the structural vulnerability of the Slovak Republic, which had been among the most energy-dependent member states of the European Union. This article examines the implications of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict for the energy security of the Slovak Republic. As a landlocked Central European country, Slovakia is heavily dependent on external oil and natural gas supplies, historically supplied via pipelines from the Russian Federation. Before the crisis, Slovakia imported approximately 90% of its natural gas and nearly all of its crude oil from Russia, rendering its economy and political system highly susceptible to external shocks. The war in Ukraine thus has disrupted traditional supply chains, exposed vulnerabilities in energy policy, and accelerated the search for diversification and sustainable alternatives. By analyzing the strategic, political, and economic dimensions of Slovak energy security, this study highlights the interplay between domestic policies, EU frameworks, and geopolitical shifts. The article concludes that Slovakia's long-term energy security depends on diversifying supply routes, developing renewable energy sources, fostering regional cooperation, and adapting to EU decarbonization goals.
Je možné dosiahnutie rodovej rovnosti v diplomacii vďaka inkluzívnemu vzdelávaniu?
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2025) Michalková, Zuzana

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