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Christian Spiritual Formation towards Holiness
(The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Faculty of Theology Section in Tarnow, 2024) Hanes, Pavel; Hanesová, Dana
Freedom is one of the most fervently fought for values and, at the same time, the very idea of freedom belongs to concepts that are essentially contested. This situation is a part of human brokenness, and in Christian formation, it has to be seriously dealt with. According to the popular view, ‘holiness’ is a life-negating and judgmental attitude towards everything ‘normal.’ In biblical usage, it connotes belonging to God as a gift in Christ. Spiritual formation begins with a biblical explanation of freedom and holiness. A Christian worldview has to be the background to Christian formation, functioning as a correction of the commonly- accepted naturalistic worldview. A personal experiential relationship with God is the key to successful growth towards realistic and practical holiness in daily life. ‘Dos and don’ts’ that usually arise at the beginning of religious education shall be experienced as liberating instructions, if they are offered as guidance to a fully persuaded mind and a devotedly loving heart.
Viktimizácia žiakov prostredníctvom kyberšikanovania ako výchovný problém
(Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2024) Dulovics, Mário; Hladík, Jakub
The aim of the presented study is to analyze the prevalence of cyberbullying with an emphasis on selected demographic variables (gender, grade, self-governing region) among pupils from the 6th to the 9th grade in the conditions of Slovak primary schools. The goal is also the possibility of preventing cyberbullying in the school environment. In the intentions of empirical research, we implemented the monitoring of cyberbullying through the questionnaire method. We identified 322 (11.63%) victims in the research group of 2768 pupils. In the group of victims, we did not find significant differences in terms of gender (p=0.189), although boys (AM=2.02; Me=1.78) achieved slightly higher score than girls (AM=1.88; Me = 1.72). Significant differences were not confirmed even in the inferential analysis of other variables, such as grade (p=0.216) or self-governing region (p=0.261). In the scale for measuring victimization through cyberbullying, the 9th grade pupils scored the highest (AM=2.06; Me=1.83), as for the self-governing regions, we recorded the highest among pupils in Košice (AM=2.40; Me = 1.72) and the Trnava region (AM=2.21; Me = 2.00).
Czynniki ochronne i czynniki ryzyka w komunikacji rodzinnej ujęte w procesie oceny ryzyka zagrożenia dziecka
(Wydawnictwo Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej : Warszawa, 2024) Jusko, Peter
Przedmiotem przeprowadzonych badań była identyfikacja czynników ochronnych i czynników ryzyka w komunikacji rodzinnej w procesie oceny ryzyka zagrożenia dziecka. Badania miały na celu określenie i opisanie tych czynników w kontekście komunikacji rodzinnej na podstawie wyników jakościowych badań przeprowadzanych wśród pracowników socjalnych pracujących w Wydziałach Ochrony Socjalnej i Prawnej Dzieci na terenie Republiki Słowackiej. Badania przeprowadzono metodą indywidualnych wywiadów półustrukturyzowanych. Łącznie przeprowadzono osiem wywiadów. Wśród kategorii, w ramach których opisane zostały czynniki ochronne i czynniki ryzyka w komunikacji rodzinnej, wyróżniono: używanie wulgaryzmów, odmowę współpracy, strach i lęk, otwartą komunikację i zainteresowanie opieką nad dzieckiem.
University students’ knowledge about welfare technologies within active aging concept: an online survey interview
(Ital publication : Reggio Calabria, 2024) Šeben Zaťková, Tímea; Šolcová, Jana; Jamborová, Ľubica; Tokovská, Miroslava
Welfare technology has made a significant impact on society, supporting people´s communication, independence, and day-to-day living. This study aims to investigate university students' knowledge of welfare technologies related to smart active aging. The research was guided by the following questions: 1: What do Slovak university students know about welfare technologies? 2: How are welfare technologies used in the households of university students and their relatives? An online interview survey with reflexive thematic analysis was conducted with 120 university students at two universities in Slovakia. Findings show four themes that were identified: (1) Different interpretations of welfare technologies. (2) Broadening students' knowledge about welfare smart technologies. (3) Attitudes towards smart and welfare technologies. (4) Gap in practical usage of welfare technologies. Welfare technology is a new topic connected to active aging. Primarily, the younger generation, as proved, has low knowledge on this theme. The novelty of the study lies in connecting the welfare technology concept with the education of the younger generation. Welfare technologies have the potential to promote positive intergenerational relationships, autonomy, and mental and physical well-being among older adults. As for improvements, smart active aging and welfare technology concepts should be incorporated more intensively into higher education. This would help curb the knowledge gap and ensure the development of skills for implementing welfare technologies in the daily lives of their elderly relatives.
The roles and responsibilities of the school support team in inclusive education in kindergartens
(Scientia Socialis : Šiauliai, 2024) Rochovská, Ivana; Klein, Vladimír; Šilonová, Viera
Inclusive education presents a significant challenge for contemporary society. All children should have the opportunity to develop according to their educational needs within an inclusive environment. The effectiveness of the school support team plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. This research aimed to explore the perspectives of teaching staff in kindergartens, including headmasters, teachers, and teaching assistants, regarding inclusive education, with a specific focus on their views and attitudes towards the roles of school special educators and teaching assistants in preschool education. A mixed-methods research strategy was employed to achieve this aim. Data were collected using a selfconstructed questionnaire containing both closed and open items, completed by 394 respondents from 142 kindergartens. The findings indicated that teaching staff perceived the existence of a school support team as having a positive impact on addressing various children's issues and enhancing teachers' work. These results contribute to a broader understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the members of a school support team in kindergartens.
The impact of online theological studies during the COVID-19 period on students' religiosity/spirituality: A qualitative analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Šoltésová, Viktória; Harastej, Marek
Our study wants to clarify the structure of spirituality by applying existing multidimensional theories of religiosity and spirituality to in-depth interviews conducted among a sample of students. The current research analyzes 15 qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted among a sample of students at the Adventist Theological Institute in the Czech Republic and was conducted in May 2022. Since religiosity is a multidimensional phenomenon and we wished to investigate development in each dimension, we based our analyses on Glock and Stark’s model with four of their dimensions of religiosity: “belief”, “practice”, “experience”, and “knowledge”. Our study reflects on existing multidimensional religiosity/spirituality; six dimensions by Huber overlap with the religiosity/spirituality model we chose as the applied multidimensional model. As a result, based on the interviewees’ statements, we distinguished these dimensions in the context of specific conditions in the respondents’ individual personal experiences in the absence of personal group interaction. In our research, we ask the question: “What impact has the move of the entire formal and informal environment of an educational institution to an online environment had on the spirituality of each student?” An important finding is that the COVID-19 pandemic period brought about an exciting stimulus for spiritual support in theological education. The emergence of individual and independent religiosity/spirituality is a significant religious change.
Preschool teachers' application of visual arts in kindergartens
(Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy : Kaunas, 2024) Rochovská, Ivana; Brozmanová, Monika
Research focuses on the application of visual arts in preschool education from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. The research instrument was a questionnaire constructed by the authors. Based on the self-reflection of kindergarten teachers, opportunities to acquire knowledge in visual arts were found to predict kindergarten teachers' attitudes toward visual arts. The attitude of kindergarten teachers toward the visual arts predicts the use of visual arts in preschool education.
Analysis of children's conceptions of concepts at the end of pre-primary education
(Institute for Promoting Research & Policy Development : Rockville, 2024) Lipnická, Milena; Vrabľová, Alena
The study presents the results of the authors' original research. The subject of the research were authentic utterances of 5-6-year-old children at the exit from compulsory pre-primary education. They represented individual conceptions of the following concepts: interview, question, poem, fairytale, book, magazine, library, letter, reading, writing, writer. The concepts were selected from the state curriculum (2016). The aim of the study was to present selected findings from research on children's conceptions of language and literary concepts. In the study, we provided answers to the research question. Which claims from psycholinguistic theories about narrower and broader conceptions of concepts are most valid in children's authentic utterances? The research strategy was quantitative. Children's authentic utterances were obtained through individual interviews. Each child answered four basic questions: what is it? What is it for? What would it be if it wasn't? How do you know that? The children's statements were content-analyzed and interpreted. The children in the research sample were dominated by narrower conceptions of linguistic and literary concepts (61%). The narrower conceptions of the concepts contained a pre-scientific concept of knowing their meaning. The content of their utterances predominantly distorted the objective meanings of the concepts. Children were less likely to interpret social interactions and least likely to use explanations of another, familiar concept. When they did explain concepts in broader terms (34%), they mainly relied on sensory experiences. Some children did not know or did not answer the questions (5%). The conducted research is a part of the VEGA 1/0505/24 project - Children's preconceptions about the phenomena of reading literacy.
Prevalence of the Hikikomori syndrome in the context of internet addictive behaviour among primary school pupils in the Slovak Republic
(UIKTEN Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science : Novi Pazar, 2024) Niklová, Miriam; Zošáková, Karina; Šimšíková, Annamária
Hikikomori phenomenon has been theoretically founded and empirically studied in several countries such as Japan, South Korea, mainland China, Taiwan, Thailand, Bangladesh, Australia, the United States, Spain, France, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Iran, and the United States. Previous empirical studies abroad indicate significant differences in the incidence of hikikomori syndrome in the case of boys. The study examined the phenomenon of hikikomori syndrome that has not yet been studied in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to map the prevalence and analyze the hikikomori syndrome phenomenon in primary school students. The sample consisted of 2 767 respondents with an average age of 12.68 years. We found a statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of the hikikomori syndrome among boys and girls. Hikikomori syndrome is more common among girls than among boys. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between drug use and hikikomori syndrome in both sexes. In relation to gender differences, our findings have broadened the theoretical foundations of hikikomori syndrome and present a starting point for designing preventive educational activities for professionals working with children and youth.
Religious education as a platform for pupils' social development and prevention of internet addiction: The case of Slovakia
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Niklová, Miriam; Hanesová, Dana
The authors present changes in the content and teaching methods of religious education (RE) in the third decade of the 21st century, as proposed by the current curricular reform of compulsory education in Slovakia. First, they analyse the reform documents in terms of social competence development as one of the RE content requirements. Second, they seek a teaching methodology that applies a balanced approach to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) while protecting RE pupils and their building of healthy human relationships from the potential threat of digital addiction. The authors based their teaching ideas on the findings from their research. To explore the relationship between addictive Internet behaviour and social intelligence, they used a questionnaire including the Internet Addiction Test and the TSIS Scale. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Data on 386 adolescent respondents revealed a statistically significant difference between males and females in social awareness, with males performing significantly better. A weak positive relationship (ρ = 0.240) was identified between social awareness and addictive Internet behaviour. In the discussion, the authors suggest teaching methods for developing social competence via RE without resisting the opportunities provided by ICT, while also avoiding an increase in the risk of online social media addiction. They suggest that even denominational RE should prioritize cultivating healthy relationships not only with God but also relationships with other people, the outside world, and oneself.
Elder abuse prevention in Brazil, Norway and Slovakia: a narrative review
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Tokovská, Miroslava; Šolcová, Jana; Nolasco Ferreira, Vanessa; Nour Magde, Mohamed; Yilmaz, Muharrem; Malmedal Wenche, Karin; Botngård, Anja
OBJECTIVES: With the global population ageing, concerns about the incidence, prevalence and prevention of elder abuse have become increasingly pertinent. This study presents a narrative review of empirical research, investigating the elder abuse prevention implemented in public health policies in three selected countries. The narrative review aims to enrich academic critical discussion about the theme and provide insights for policymakers and professional practitioners working towards elder abuse prevention across different regions. METHODS: Searches in the electronic database CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were performed to identify and synthesise studies reporting on research aimed at investigating elder abuse prevention. The studies that handle on all prevention levels, had to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, report on empirical research, and are available in full text in Portuguese, Slovak, English or Norwegian and published within a ten-year period (2012 to 2022) were included. A total of 981 studies were retrieved, of which 13 papers met the inclusion criteria for this narrative review. RESULTS: The evidence indicated that proactive approach within primordial and primary prevention, interdisciplinary cooperation within primary and secondary prevention, and education for healthcare professionals within all forms of prevention were implemented to various extent as elder abuse prevention in Brazil, Norway and Slovakia. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to further enhance public awareness of elder abuse through campaigns and advocacy programs; additionally, the routine screening and assessments by healthcare providers for early detection and intervention in suspected abuse cases require improvement; and also, legal and health policy measures must be updated regularly. Elder abuse prevention should be a collective undertaking involving community leaders, healthcare providers, and governmental and non-governmental organisations.
What psychosocial support do first year university students need? A mixed creative methods study
(Centre for resilience and socio-emotional health : Msida, 2024) Šeben Zaťková, Tímea; Tokovská, Miroslava; Šolcová, Jana
Higher education students need help and support to enable them to cope with the challenges of their studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of first-year undergraduate students on predictors of psychosocial support in challenging situations. A creative art-based descriptive research design was employed utilising an individual One-Page Profile form to gather data from 240 first-year students from two different universities in Slovakia. Data was collected and analysed using a content-thematic and visual approach. Four significant individual predictors of psychosocial support were identified: emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal. Emotional support consists of desirable mental health, defined by the students as experiencing happiness, self-satisfaction, self-development, relationships which are satisfying, loving and safe, trust, empathic acceptance, and care from others. Instrumental support varies from personnel up to material resources e.g., people, animals, and assistance such as financial services. The preferred informational support is peer-to-peer counselling, followed by professional counselling. When students describe appraisal support their needs are primarily in the areas of well-being and self-efficacy. The study makes various suggestions on how University staff can provide first-year students with support and counselling in their everyday challenges.
The subjectivity of the grading evaluation system in the religious class in Greece - a new approach
(Vysoká škola DTI : Dubnica nad Váhom, 2024) Zaviš, Monika; Diamantopoulos, Konstantinos
Introduction: The grading process in secondary education is always challenging to navigate since the subjective dimension of the human parameter always seems to interfere dynamically in combination with the variety of the submitted assessment questions grounded on the grading teacher’s style. The central questions asked are: a) what are the applied assessment styles among Greek Religious Education (RE) teachers? b) What are their main assessment criteria? Moreover, c) What kind of evaluation plans are used to benefit the students? The above assessment issue is affected by the culture and mentality of each teacher. Methods: The method uses a quantitative survey designed by Google Forms to research the grading and topic patterns used by RE teachers and colleagues of humanities during their class assessments, both oral and written. Results: RE teachers have particular inclinations concerning the students’ assessment issues. They consider their discipline demanding and often prefer to apply written form assessments in class. Moreover, more methods emerged, which belong to the new school perception but are still placed statistically as auxiliary assessment weaponry. Microsoft Excel was also used for data visualization and quantitative analysis. Discussion: The assessment point of view might differ in each subject’s nature and, indeed, be planned by the objectives of each teacher. However, RE teachers and affiliated colleagues (literature teachers – affiliated colleagues should prioritise adjusting knowledge to the social realm. Limitations: The present research paper aims to stimulate educational interest regarding RE evaluation subjectivity by converting some subjective elements into precise statistical questions. Therefore, the questions used were a few but accurate, while the magnitude of the participants needed to be bigger, hindering the accumulation of more statistical information. Conclusions: Written-test assessments are prioritized, though oral inquiries are vital to the RE teachers’ methodology because of time scheduling issues explained throughout the text. The whole assessment scenery is grounded on the fact that RE discipline is considered demanding and essential. Some statistical inconsistencies undergird the necessity of applying knowledge in the social praxis to benefit Greek society. The latter lack is a drawback.
Physics as a subject matter in primary education teacher students' training: Possibilities for elimination of misconceptions
(Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek : Toruń, 2024) Rochovská, Ivana; Droščák, Martin; Kožuchová, Mária; Severini, Eva; Gunčaga, Ján
The research focused on the issue of physics subject matter in higher education of primary education teachers. It explained students’ misconceptions on an example of the subject matter about a pulley. The research aimed to study on a sample of 79 students the effectiveness of the designed IBI in eliminating misconceptions in favour of scientifically acceptable concepts. The main research methods were the pedagogical experiment and content analysis of students’ answers. Results showed that students’ misconceptions changed statistically significantly in the post-test against the pre-test in favour of scientifically acceptable concepts. Thus, the research results may incentivise branch didactics of science subjects.
Social media and body image from the perspective of secondary school youth
(The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Faculty of Theology Section in Tarnow, 2024) Niklová, Miriam; Zošáková, Karina
The study aimed to map the prevalence of social media disorder in secondary school youth. We used an abbreviated version of the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B). The reliability of the questionnaires used in the research, indicates that they have sufficient internal consistency. A total of 637 re-respondents participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (AM=16.63). The results of the study showed social media impairment in 11.1% of the respondents, confirming a statistically significant difference in terms of the gender of the adolescents in favour of girls, and in terms of the degree of concern about their appearance, in favour of those who are more concerned about their appearance. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the degree of concern about their appearance in terms of gender, was confirmed in favour of girls.
Analysis of the educational conditions of two-year-old children in kindergartens in Slovakia: a study from teachers' perspectives
(HM Publisher : Palembang, 2024) Lipnická, Milena
The aim of the research was to find out teachers' opinions on selected conditions of upbringing and education of 2-year-old children in kindergartens in Slovakia. These may influence decisions about the admission of 2-year-old children to kindergarten and the quality of the conditions of their education. The research method was an online questionnaire, created and processed in SURVIO software. The survey was conducted in spring 2023. 594 kindergarten teachers completed the questionnaire. The results of the research showed that the family and the nursery are preferred for the upbringing and education of 2-year-old children (50.5%). If 2-year-old children are admitted to kindergarten, they must have certain prerequisites and be in a class with their peers (57.1%). They cannot wear diapers in kindergarten (79.7%) and have to cope with separation from parents (78.2%). 2-year-olds can be in kindergarten if a teacher's assistant works in the classroom (61.5%). Teachers (55.4%) do not prefer a health worker or caregiver with 2-year-olds (51%). For pedagogical work with 2-year-old children, teachers only need a secondary education (39.2%), some already have a bachelor's degree (27.2%). The results confirmed the insufficient methodological support of the issue by the state (60.5%) and the importance of the development of information and methodological material in the KEGA project No. 001UMB-4/2022. It will be used by teachers to improve the conditions for the education of two-year-old children in kindergartens in Slovakia.
The diaconal work of sisters Kristína and Mária Royová - an example of the link between Christian anthropology and social work
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Jusko, Peter; Masarik, Albín; Nvota, Ján
Considering the intermingling of problems in today’s multi-crisis environment, this text explores the possibilities of intertwining social work and pastoral care. In the search for effective approaches, we find dynamic patterns in the activities of the Royová (Roy) sisters. Their diaconal work is an important source for social work history illustrating how social work took the form of diaconal (charity) work with a rich pastoral reach at the time. Their activities represent a natural link between Christian anthropology and social work. This study mainly investigates the Christian (spiritual) basis of the social and charitable activities of the Royová sisters, the beginnings of the institutionalisation of social and charitable work in Slovakia and Serbia through the organisations founded by the Royová sisters, the Christian-social interpersonal contribution of the Roy sisters to the development of Slovak and European social work personified by their cooperation with several personalities of social and charitable work at the international, national, and local levels, and the contribution of the Roy sisters in the creation of women’s, volunteer, and international roots of social and charitable work in Slovakia and Europe. In their responses to the needs of their environment, we find significant stimuli for pastoral theology, which is supposed to respond to the needs of the multi-crisis environment of today.
The relationship between phonemic awareness, vocabulary and musical abilities in 5-6-year old children in kindergartens
(HM Publisher : Palembang, 2024) Šebianová, Kristína
Young children (5-6 years old) are building strong foundations in language and music. Their phonemic awareness is developing, allowing them to identify and manipulate sounds in words. Vocabulary is rapidly expanding, with children learning new words and their meanings. Musical abilities are blossoming, with many children enjoying singing, keeping rhythm, and exploring instruments. However, there can be variations in these skills and even gender differences in performance on some tasks. This study investigated the phonemic awareness, vocabulary and musical abilities of 5-6-year-old children. We explored potential correlations between these domains and any gender differences in performance. Forty children (20 girls and 20 boys) from three kindergartens (two urban, one rural) were tested in June 2022. Three assessments were employed: Eľkonin's test of phonemic awareness, COWAT speech fluency test (vocabulary) and Bentley's test of musical abilities. Pearson's correlation coefficient analyzed relationships between the tests. A positive correlation was found between all three tests, suggesting potential links between phonemic awareness, vocabulary and musical abilities. Interestingly, girls outperformed boys sig nificantly in both Eľkonin's and Bentley's tests. Within Eľkonin's test, children achieved the highest scores in syllable synthesis (subtest No. 4) and the lowest scores in syllable deletion (subtest No. 10). This study suggests a connection between phonemic awareness, vocabulary, and musical abilities in young children. Additionally, it highlights potential gender differences in specific aspects of these domains. Further research is needed to explore the cause of these findings and their implications for e arly childhood education.
Children's ideas about symbols of Slovak statehoodof
(Magnanimitas : Hradec Králové, 2024) Lipnická, Milena
The subjects of the research were authentic utterances of 5-6-year-old children. They represented individual conceptions of concepts of the pre-primary curriculum - symbols of Slovak statehood (capital, anthem, president, state, state flag, state emblem) in a narrower or broader context. The aim of the research was to find out the content meanings of narrower and broader conceptions of concepts in 5-6-yearold children, which are the content of the state curriculum. We hypothesized that at the children's exit from pre-primary education, their conceptions of concepts are more similar to scientific concepts. The study answers two research questions: do children's narrower and broader conceptions of concepts confirm theory? Which are the exceptional, non-repetitive children's conceptions of concepts? The research strategy was qualitative. Children's authentic utterances enabled short individual interviews to be obtained. Children's utterances were analyzed, categorized, and interpreted. Narrower conceptions are associated with a pre-scientific conception or a naive conception (45%). A broader context of conceptions emerged for 42% of the children in the research set. 13% of the statements were categorized as "don't know" responses. Exceptional conceptions of the symbols of Slovak statehood result from children's experiences in everyday life. If children perceived them in different contexts, they explained them by some features of objective reality. These concepts are still abstract for children at this age. According to the findings, it is questionable whether teaching children about symbols of statehood is meaningful in kindergarten when children's narrower conceptions of the concepts prevail at the exit.
Promoting cognitive brain health and sustained attention in adults and older adults through e-games
(Association for Social Studies Educators (ASSE) : Ankara, 2024) Tokovská, Miroslava; Doktorová, Dominika; Šolcová, Jana
The ability to learn new skills as an adult, cognitive stimulation in the ageing process, and a cognitively active lifestyle are of interest to experts in education, public health, and social studies. The game Scrabble, with its enjoyable nature, has gained recognition as an educational resource that facilitates the acquisition and preservation of vocabulary, thereby augmenting both practical and cognitive abilities. In this study, a descriptive quantitative research design was implemented to assess attentional capacity using the Bourdon Attention Test, specifically utilizing the BoPr (Prague Square Modification of the CSAT), within the cohort of Scrabble League e-players and the broader general population. With a focus on promoting cognitive brain health, this study presents a comparison of sustained attention levels between these groups. A sample of N = 60 participants (divided into Scrabble e-players who participate in a league [N = 30], and a comparison group of the general population [N = 30]) underwent a study comparing their levels of attention achieved in the Bourdon test. A significant difference (p = 0.050) was found in their attention span, favoring the league e-players. The results suggest that Scrabble e-games can potentially improve the cognitive well-being and attention of adults and older individuals. However, further investigation is necessary to understand their capabilities fully. Utilizing Scrabble in the realms of adult education, gerontology, and medical practice could be beneficial for enhancing cognitive brain health.

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