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The subjectivity of the grading evaluation system in the religious class in Greece - a new approach
(Vysoká škola DTI : Dubnica nad Váhom, 2024) Zaviš, Monika; Diamantopoulos, Konstantinos
Introduction: The grading process in secondary education is always challenging to navigate since the subjective dimension of the human parameter always seems to interfere dynamically in combination with the variety of the submitted assessment questions grounded on the grading teacher’s style. The central questions asked are: a) what are the applied assessment styles among Greek Religious Education (RE) teachers? b) What are their main assessment criteria? Moreover, c) What kind of evaluation plans are used to benefit the students? The above assessment issue is affected by the culture and mentality of each teacher. Methods: The method uses a quantitative survey designed by Google Forms to research the grading and topic patterns used by RE teachers and colleagues of humanities during their class assessments, both oral and written. Results: RE teachers have particular inclinations concerning the students’ assessment issues. They consider their discipline demanding and often prefer to apply written form assessments in class. Moreover, more methods emerged, which belong to the new school perception but are still placed statistically as auxiliary assessment weaponry. Microsoft Excel was also used for data visualization and quantitative analysis. Discussion: The assessment point of view might differ in each subject’s nature and, indeed, be planned by the objectives of each teacher. However, RE teachers and affiliated colleagues (literature teachers – affiliated colleagues should prioritise adjusting knowledge to the social realm. Limitations: The present research paper aims to stimulate educational interest regarding RE evaluation subjectivity by converting some subjective elements into precise statistical questions. Therefore, the questions used were a few but accurate, while the magnitude of the participants needed to be bigger, hindering the accumulation of more statistical information. Conclusions: Written-test assessments are prioritized, though oral inquiries are vital to the RE teachers’ methodology because of time scheduling issues explained throughout the text. The whole assessment scenery is grounded on the fact that RE discipline is considered demanding and essential. Some statistical inconsistencies undergird the necessity of applying knowledge in the social praxis to benefit Greek society. The latter lack is a drawback.
Rozvoj docility, ako spôsobilosti dospelých učiť sa a byť vzdelávateľný
(Metodicko-pedagogické centrum v Bratislave, 2024) Gredecká, Zuzana; Urban Gumanová, Nikola; Fridrichová, Petra; Pavlov, Ivan
Vybrané formy online rizikového správania žiakov a možnosti ich prevencie v kontexte tvorby bezpečného školského prostredia
(VERBUM – vydavateľstvo Katolíckej univerzity v Ružomberku, 2024) Dulovics, Mário
The online risky behavior of children and adolescents is a phenomenon that can be a serious threat to the safety of the school environment. From an educational point of view, it is extremely important to pay attention to the online risky behavior of pupils in the intentions of educational practice. The most appropriate tool at this level is precisely preventive and educational action, or the effort to solve already created risks. The aim of the article is to point out the prevalence of selected forms of online risks among elementary school students (cyberbullying, participation in dangerous online challenges) and to analyze the possibilities of its prevention. As part of the empirical research, which was carried out in 2022, 2,768 pupils of the 6th to 9th grade of elementary schools in the Slovak Republic were approached. In the research set, we identified 256 cyberaggressors (9,3%) and 674 (24,35%) pupils who participated in one or more online challenges at the same time.
Výučba cudzích jazykov na prvom stupni základných škôl z pohľadu riaditeľov : (výsledky sondy)
(Metodicko-pedagogické centrum v Bratislave, 2024) Hanesová, Dana
"Keď zomrie tyran, zomrie s nim aj jeho vláda. Keď zomrie martýr, jeho vláda začína." Ku vzniku štátu Kráľovstva Srbov, Chorvátov a Slovincov na pozadí niekoľkých myšlienok existencialistov
(Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2024) Jakab, František
The chilling events of World War I were a test for all of humanity, which until then could not even imagine such horrors. For many people, they meant death, suffering, or a fight for mere survival. Not even the nationals living on the Balkan Peninsula were an exception, which became the scene of the infamous trigger squeeze that started four and a half years of war frenzy. The work analyzes selected episodes preceding, concerning, or following the end of World War I and confronts them with an existentialist view of the world. In this context, it opens the question of objectivity, historical memory, political instrumentalization of fact, and the diversity of interpretation of the history of this segment of history.
The impact of service-learning on secondary school students' social and civic competencies, and engagement and motivation in school: perspectives from Europe
(International Association for Research on Service-Learning and Community Engagement : New Orleans, 2024) Brozmanová Gregorová, Alžbeta; Heinzová, Zuzana; Subasi Singh, Seyda; Laven, Rolf; Vamos, Michaela; Arco-Tirado José, Lius; Fernández-Martín, Francisco D.; Gleeson, Tracey; Ryan, Patrick
This study investigated the impact of the service-learning PLACE model on the social and civic competencies, and motivation and engagement in secondary school students. The methodological design was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group. With the data collected from 232 secondary school students from five European countries, the following hypothesis was tested: students who engage in service-learning will have more developed social and civic competencies, higher motivation and engagement in school, and a lower tendency to drop out. Before and after the intervention, the measurement showed statistically significant differences between the groups in several traits and attributes related to social competency measures, social responsibility, personal values, academic perseverance, learning mindset, and overall student engagement and motivation. The results confirmed that service-learning can work effectively on social and civic competencies, to prevent social exclusion risks.
Faktory na individuálnej úrovni determinujúce účasť vo formálnom dobrovoľníctve
(Universum : Prešov, 2024) Frgelcová, Estera
Dobrovoľníctvo získava čoraz väčšiu relevanciu v spoločnosti, preto sa politické iniciatívy a mnohé organizácie snažia podnietiť zvýšenú angažovanosť dobrovoľníkov. Aby bolo možné identifikovať potenciálnych dobrovoľníkov, realizovať efektívne ich nábor, ale aj zapájať do dobrovoľníctva ľudí, ktorí na ňom dostatočne neparticipujú, je potrebné poznať kľúčové faktory determinujúce účasť v dobrovoľníctve. Odborný článok prináša prehľad empirických výskumov zaoberajúcich sa determinantmi dobrovoľníctva na individuálnej úrovni. Výsledky doterajších výskumov (Brozmanová Gregorová et al., 2012; Bútorová et al., 2020; Krishnan et al., 2023; Mak a Fancourt, 2021; Niebuur et al., 2018) ukazujú, že účasť na dobrovoľníckych činnostiach môže súvisieť s rôznymi socio-demografickými a psychosociálnymi faktormi, pričom značný význam sa pripisuje osobnostným vlastnostiam a motivácii (Ackermann, 2019; Akhtar, 2019; Clary et al., 1998; Herzog a Morgan, 1993; Mak a Fancourt, 2021; McCann, 2017; Rokach a Wanklyn, 2009). Tieto výsledky môžu byť prínosom pre neziskové organizácie pri nábore, udržaní a riadení dobrovoľníkov.
The impact of online theological studies during the COVID-19 period on students' religiosity/spirituality: A qualitative analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Šoltésová, Viktória; Harastej, Marek
Our study wants to clarify the structure of spirituality by applying existing multidimensional theories of religiosity and spirituality to in-depth interviews conducted among a sample of students. The current research analyzes 15 qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted among a sample of students at the Adventist Theological Institute in the Czech Republic and was conducted in May 2022. Since religiosity is a multidimensional phenomenon and we wished to investigate development in each dimension, we based our analyses on Glock and Stark’s model with four of their dimensions of religiosity: “belief”, “practice”, “experience”, and “knowledge”. Our study reflects on existing multidimensional religiosity/spirituality; six dimensions by Huber overlap with the religiosity/spirituality model we chose as the applied multidimensional model. As a result, based on the interviewees’ statements, we distinguished these dimensions in the context of specific conditions in the respondents’ individual personal experiences in the absence of personal group interaction. In our research, we ask the question: “What impact has the move of the entire formal and informal environment of an educational institution to an online environment had on the spirituality of each student?” An important finding is that the COVID-19 pandemic period brought about an exciting stimulus for spiritual support in theological education. The emergence of individual and independent religiosity/spirituality is a significant religious change.
The diaconal work of sisters Kristína and Mária Royová - an example of the link between Christian anthropology and social work
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute : Basel, 2024) Jusko, Peter; Masarik, Albín; Nvota, Ján
Considering the intermingling of problems in today’s multi-crisis environment, this text explores the possibilities of intertwining social work and pastoral care. In the search for effective approaches, we find dynamic patterns in the activities of the Royová (Roy) sisters. Their diaconal work is an important source for social work history illustrating how social work took the form of diaconal (charity) work with a rich pastoral reach at the time. Their activities represent a natural link between Christian anthropology and social work. This study mainly investigates the Christian (spiritual) basis of the social and charitable activities of the Royová sisters, the beginnings of the institutionalisation of social and charitable work in Slovakia and Serbia through the organisations founded by the Royová sisters, the Christian-social interpersonal contribution of the Roy sisters to the development of Slovak and European social work personified by their cooperation with several personalities of social and charitable work at the international, national, and local levels, and the contribution of the Roy sisters in the creation of women’s, volunteer, and international roots of social and charitable work in Slovakia and Europe. In their responses to the needs of their environment, we find significant stimuli for pastoral theology, which is supposed to respond to the needs of the multi-crisis environment of today.
Viktimizácia žiakov prostredníctvom kyberšikanovania ako výchovný problém
(Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2024) Dulovics, Mário; Hladík, Jakub
The aim of the presented study is to analyze the prevalence of cyberbullying with an emphasis on selected demographic variables (gender, grade, self-governing region) among pupils from the 6th to the 9th grade in the conditions of Slovak primary schools. The goal is also the possibility of preventing cyberbullying in the school environment. In the intentions of empirical research, we implemented the monitoring of cyberbullying through the questionnaire method. We identified 322 (11.63%) victims in the research group of 2768 pupils. In the group of victims, we did not find significant differences in terms of gender (p=0.189), although boys (AM=2.02; Me=1.78) achieved slightly higher score than girls (AM=1.88; Me = 1.72). Significant differences were not confirmed even in the inferential analysis of other variables, such as grade (p=0.216) or self-governing region (p=0.261). In the scale for measuring victimization through cyberbullying, the 9th grade pupils scored the highest (AM=2.06; Me=1.83), as for the self-governing regions, we recorded the highest among pupils in Košice (AM=2.40; Me = 1.72) and the Trnava region (AM=2.21; Me = 2.00).
Football hooliganism as a socio-political phenomenon: motivation, manifestations, and prevention strategies
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej : Lublin, 2024) Jusko, Peter; Weihe, Hans-Jørgen Wallin
Football hooliganism represents a complex socio-political phenomenon with varying degrees of occurrence and severity in different regions worldwide. The article explores the multifaceted motivation, manifestations, and prevention strategies of hooliganism, drawing on literary sources, political documents, published research, and personal experiences in social work and match attendance. From the historical roots of hooliganism to its current manifestations, including its political dimensions and the dynamics of digital communication, the article provides a thematic analysis of the motivation and expressions of football hooliganism. Furthermore, it addresses strategies for the prevention and elimination of football hooliganism, including efforts to enforce laws, corrective measures, community interventions, and preventive social work. By addressing the challenges posed by football hooliganism, the authors aim to contribute to the development of effective strategies to combat this societal issue.
Online rizikové správanie žiakov - aktuálne trendy a možnosti prevencie a riešenia v školách
(Verbum vydavateľstvo KU : Ružomberok, 2024) Niklová, Miriam
On the one hand, children and youth are among the most numerous and active users of social media, on the other hand, they are also the most risky group due to the fact that they cannot always critically select the information that the media offers them. The Internet environment creates opportunities for the emergence of risky behavior such as cyberbullying, sexting, addictive behavior in relation to the Internet, compulsive playing of online games, intolerant and racist expressions in the Internet environment, cybersex and other forms of inappropriate behavior that can determine the insufficient development of a child. In Slovakia, as well as abroad, there is a trend of an increase in the risky behavior of pupils, which the authors of the study will point out in its introduction in the theoretical-empirical reflection. More and more experts point to the need to pay more attention to the prevention and solution of risky online behavior. In the article, we will present a model of prevention and solutions in the school environment with regard to cyberbullying of students.
Professional readiness of secondary pedagogical school teachers in the implementation of cross-curricular themes in teaching
(Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 2024) Kremnická, Magdaléna; Rovňanová, Lenka
The study analyses the issue of professional preparation and education of teachers of selected secondary pedagogical schools in Slovakia in the field of cross-curricular themes and the implementation of their content in teaching with an emphasis on the development of functional literacy and key competencies of students, which are a solid basis for lifelong learning in any area of professional and personal life. The aim of the scientific study is to analyse teachers’ attitudes and opinions on (self-)education and its necessity in the field of implementation of cross-curricular themes into teaching with the intention of developing functional literacy and key competencies of their students. We chose a non-standardised electronic questionnaire of our own design as the research instrument. The research sample consisted of 72 teachers from selected secondary pedagogical schools in Slovakia, 25 to 62 years old. We processed the collected data using Excel, and for quantitative analysis, we used mathematical and statistical methods of univariate and multivariate inductive and descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test from the IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software toolbox, version 19. Our findings confirmed a significant difference (p-value < 0.05) in the professional preparedness of the participants to implement the cross-curricular theme “Protection of life and health” in their own teaching, with respondents with 15 or more years of teaching experience rating their professional preparedness higher (Mdn = 3; AM = 3.25) than respondents with less than 15 years of experience (Mdn = 2; AM = 2.56). The results further showed that most of the participants in our dataset (26.4%) had received training in the implementation of the cross-curricular theme of “Presentation skills and project development” in the classroom in the past 10 years, and this interest remains with them in the future, as 66.1% of them plan to receive further training in the topic. The lowest number of participants (2.7%) participated in training on the implementation of the cross-curricular themes “Protection of life and health” and “Education for marriage and parenthood”.
The roles and responsibilities of the school support team in inclusive education in kindergartens
(Scientia Socialis : Šiauliai, 2024) Rochovská, Ivana; Klein, Vladimír; Šilonová, Viera
Inclusive education presents a significant challenge for contemporary society. All children should have the opportunity to develop according to their educational needs within an inclusive environment. The effectiveness of the school support team plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. This research aimed to explore the perspectives of teaching staff in kindergartens, including headmasters, teachers, and teaching assistants, regarding inclusive education, with a specific focus on their views and attitudes towards the roles of school special educators and teaching assistants in preschool education. A mixed-methods research strategy was employed to achieve this aim. Data were collected using a selfconstructed questionnaire containing both closed and open items, completed by 394 respondents from 142 kindergartens. The findings indicated that teaching staff perceived the existence of a school support team as having a positive impact on addressing various children's issues and enhancing teachers' work. These results contribute to a broader understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the members of a school support team in kindergartens.
The relationship between phonemic awareness, vocabulary and musical abilities in 5-6-year old children in kindergartens
(HM Publisher : Palembang, 2024) Šebianová, Kristína
Young children (5-6 years old) are building strong foundations in language and music. Their phonemic awareness is developing, allowing them to identify and manipulate sounds in words. Vocabulary is rapidly expanding, with children learning new words and their meanings. Musical abilities are blossoming, with many children enjoying singing, keeping rhythm, and exploring instruments. However, there can be variations in these skills and even gender differences in performance on some tasks. This study investigated the phonemic awareness, vocabulary and musical abilities of 5-6-year-old children. We explored potential correlations between these domains and any gender differences in performance. Forty children (20 girls and 20 boys) from three kindergartens (two urban, one rural) were tested in June 2022. Three assessments were employed: Eľkonin's test of phonemic awareness, COWAT speech fluency test (vocabulary) and Bentley's test of musical abilities. Pearson's correlation coefficient analyzed relationships between the tests. A positive correlation was found between all three tests, suggesting potential links between phonemic awareness, vocabulary and musical abilities. Interestingly, girls outperformed boys sig nificantly in both Eľkonin's and Bentley's tests. Within Eľkonin's test, children achieved the highest scores in syllable synthesis (subtest No. 4) and the lowest scores in syllable deletion (subtest No. 10). This study suggests a connection between phonemic awareness, vocabulary, and musical abilities in young children. Additionally, it highlights potential gender differences in specific aspects of these domains. Further research is needed to explore the cause of these findings and their implications for e arly childhood education.
Changes in the development of future educational leaders' social competencies
(Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek : Toruń, 2024) Sollárová, Eva; Kaliská, Lada; Heinzová, Zuzana
Social competence is one of the basic key competencies of educational leaders, where the research aimed at targeted facilitation is absent. Thus, the study aims to verify the changes in the development of social competence and coping self-efficacy of future educational leaders within two courses (one-term course at university vs. one-year course at an educational non-profit institution) (university students of teaching branches: NUMB = 13; AMage = 27.8; SDage = 7.4; 29.4% men vs. participants of the educational institution: NNGO = 14; AMage = 38.6; SDage = 7.8; 21% men). The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, CSES) assessed the overall level of coping self-efficacy and its four factors, and the Inventory of Social Competence (ISK – K) assessed four social competencies. Results showed a significant increase of low practical significance over time (pretest vs. retest) in the level of social orientation (in ISK – K) and an increase of medium significance in overall self-efficacy and in the ability to use strategies focused on problems and unpleasant emotions and thoughts (in CSES) among university students. After completion of the course, NGO participants increased (with a low practical significance) their SK-K levels of offensiveness and self-control and their CSES self-efficacy and ability to use strategies focused on problems and unpleasant emotions and thoughts. There were no significant differences between overall levels in the two courses. The study offers possible implications of social competence facilitation in the context of educational leader formation at Slovak schools.
Motivation and self-regulation of learning in homeschooled students
(Scientia Socialis : Šiauliai, 2024) Rochovská, Ivana
In the context of education, motivation and self-regulation of learning are dominant issues. The degree of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to learn is related to students’ academic achievement and literacy development. This study aimed to research the regulatory styles and motivation to learn among homeschooled students, with a particular focus on those who practice unschooling, a form of self-directed learning. A quantitative research strategy was employed, and data were collected using the standardised SQR-Academic questionnaire adapted for the homeschooling context. The questionnaire was completed by 143 homeschooled children (4th to 9th grade), of whom 10.88% reported engaging in unschooling or self-directed learning. The results indicated that identified regulation was prevalent among homeschooled students, who tended to exhibit intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivation. This contrasts with full-time attending students, who generally display a more external regulation style. Among unschoolers, identified regulation was equally prevalent, but the Relative Autonomy Index (RAI) values were higher, indicating a stronger inclination towards intrinsic motivation. Despite these differences in RAI between unschoolers and other homeschoolers, the differences were not statistically significant. The findings are consistent with relevant research from other countries. Future research should explore the factors that influence the degree of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in homeschooled students.
University students' views and understanding towards ageing and older adults
(Magnanimitas : Hradec Králové, 2024) Šeben Zaťková, Tímea; Ambrozy, Marián; Tokovská, Miroslava; Šolcová, Jana
Ageing could be perceived as a dimension encompassing potentially novel roles with favourable and unfavourable connotations. This study explores the views and knowledge of the ageing process and the older generation from university students' perspectives. 60 students enrolled in universities in Slovakia participated in asynchronous email interviews. The data analysis employed a thematic content analysis to interpret the study's outcomes. The results suggest that the viewpoints of university students play a pivotal role in shaping their strategies towards embracing healthy and active ageing in the light of the moral development theory. Higher education institutions should prioritise the positive development of students´ attitudes to ageing and the ageing population by fostering the holistic development of their personality.
Children's ideas about symbols of Slovak statehoodof
(Magnanimitas : Hradec Králové, 2024) Lipnická, Milena
The subjects of the research were authentic utterances of 5-6-year-old children. They represented individual conceptions of concepts of the pre-primary curriculum - symbols of Slovak statehood (capital, anthem, president, state, state flag, state emblem) in a narrower or broader context. The aim of the research was to find out the content meanings of narrower and broader conceptions of concepts in 5-6-yearold children, which are the content of the state curriculum. We hypothesized that at the children's exit from pre-primary education, their conceptions of concepts are more similar to scientific concepts. The study answers two research questions: do children's narrower and broader conceptions of concepts confirm theory? Which are the exceptional, non-repetitive children's conceptions of concepts? The research strategy was qualitative. Children's authentic utterances enabled short individual interviews to be obtained. Children's utterances were analyzed, categorized, and interpreted. Narrower conceptions are associated with a pre-scientific conception or a naive conception (45%). A broader context of conceptions emerged for 42% of the children in the research set. 13% of the statements were categorized as "don't know" responses. Exceptional conceptions of the symbols of Slovak statehood result from children's experiences in everyday life. If children perceived them in different contexts, they explained them by some features of objective reality. These concepts are still abstract for children at this age. According to the findings, it is questionable whether teaching children about symbols of statehood is meaningful in kindergarten when children's narrower conceptions of the concepts prevail at the exit.
Physics as a subject matter in primary education teacher students' training: Possibilities for elimination of misconceptions
(Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek : Toruń, 2024) Rochovská, Ivana; Droščák, Martin; Kožuchová, Mária; Severini, Eva; Gunčaga, Ján
The research focused on the issue of physics subject matter in higher education of primary education teachers. It explained students’ misconceptions on an example of the subject matter about a pulley. The research aimed to study on a sample of 79 students the effectiveness of the designed IBI in eliminating misconceptions in favour of scientifically acceptable concepts. The main research methods were the pedagogical experiment and content analysis of students’ answers. Results showed that students’ misconceptions changed statistically significantly in the post-test against the pre-test in favour of scientifically acceptable concepts. Thus, the research results may incentivise branch didactics of science subjects.

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